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One of the most important categories of data flow applications is databases — especially public databases. Without going into depth concerning the philosophy of database classification, in what follows we are going to describe and analyse the state of public database production and services in Hungary. All data and statistics that are used were published by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Orszagas Statisztikai Hivatal), the National Technical Library and Documentation Center (Orszagos Mueszaki Koenyvtar es Dokumentacios Koezpont—OMKDK) and by the Information Center for Construction and Building (Epitesuegyi Tajekoztatasi Koezpont) and in other printed publications. At this early point we would like to mention that OMKDK was recently reorganised and extended by new functions and now is called OMIK, but throughout the paper when mentioning this institution we refer to its old name, which was valid when the data for this study were collected.

The study sets out to examine how male and female managers in general and male and female municipal executives in particular are evaluated by the members of the organisation.

The study presented used the methodology of focus group discussion.

The results show that employees clearly had different expectations regarding the characteristics of male and female executives. The most negative image of female executives emerged in the group of men. However, even female office managers tended to mention numerous negative features of women executives, and seemed to prefer men in executive positions.

The research involved four focus group sessions at the municipality in the autumn of 2004, consequently the research results cannot be generalised.

This paper contributes to the limited number of academic literature on female executives in Hungary, and explores the deep prejudices against women in leading positions.

The paper presents an efficient modeling technique for the fluxset magnetic field sensor. Using separate numerical solutions for the electric and magnetic fields, an equivalent SPICE circuit is extracted in the postprocessing phase. The main contribution of the paper is the technique used to model the distributed capacitive effects in insulation between coils, by concentrating them in an “Extended II scheme”, an infinite circuit which is optimally reduced to a finite one. The results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental ones.

The idea to use computers for teaching and learning is over 50 years old. Numerous attempts to use computers for knowledge dissemination under a variety of names have failed in many cases, and have become successful in others. The essence of this paper can be summarized in two sentences. One, in some niches, applications tend to be successful. Second, attempts to fully eliminate humans from the educational process are bound to fail, yet if a large number of aspects is handled well, the role of teachers can indeed be much reduced. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Report on experimental results.

In some niches, applications of e-Learning technology tend to be successful. However, attempts to fully eliminate humans from the educational process are bound to fail, yet if a large number of aspects is handled well, the role of teachers can indeed be much reduced.

A number of features that seemed essential in earlier e-Learning systems turn out to be superfluous.

New e-Learning systems have to concentrate on quality of content, not complex technology.

E-Learning the right way helps learners, teachers and institutions.

Experiments reported verify or do the opposite of often loosely stated opinions.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce an efficient model for analysis of the voltage distribution along the long ceramic insulator strings in a high‐voltage tower window, especially when the structure and parameters of the ceramic insulator are unknown. The effect of the grading ring on the voltage distribution is also investigated.

A circuit model composed of capacitors is used to analyze the voltage distribution along the ceramic insulator strings in a transmission tower window. The capacitances of the disk insulators, line conductors, and tower are obtained by using the finite element method, charge simulation method, boundary element method, and measurement according to their characteristics.

The model is very efficient. The voltage distribution along insulator strings can be optimized by adjusting the parameters of the grading ring. The maximum amount of voltage applied to a single insulator disk can be reduced effectively by increasing either the diameter of the grading ring or the distance from the upper surface of the grading ring to the high‐voltage end of the insulator string.

The model is very efficient for analysis of the voltage distribution along the long ceramic insulator strings, especially when the structure and parameters of the ceramic insulator are unknown.

The purpose of this study is to create an ethical norm that will help guide the human race toward long-term survival.

The project posits a new societal ethical norm designed around a fundamental principle: the long-term survival of the human race with individual dignity. This study examines the requirements of the new norm and what is needed to achieve that goal.

There are three types of organizations that have the organizational and economic capacity to be responsible for future outcomes: governments, religions and corporations. These three types of organizations must act as if they have a moral compass that will compel them to develop and uphold the requirements for the survival of humanity with individual dignity.

The analysis shows that a new, broader ethical norm must be established, and this norm implies that large organizations must act with a future embracing ethical behavior.

This study generates specific pathways for example: governments should adopt the just war principles and prohibitions on governments or other institutions from teaching any form of class superiority. These and other pathways are designed to diffuse threats to the fundamental principle.

The fundamental principle includes universal human dignity. This means that the notion of individual dignity must be defined or understood, and the requirements to attain this goal must be identified.

This project takes concepts from long-termism, forward-looking collective responsibility, corporate social responsibility and the global catastrophic risk institute to advocate for a new ethical norm.

Information privacy is currently regarded as one of the key ethical issues of the information age. Rapid technological developments and the advent of Internet based commerce or electronic commerce (e‐commerce) have forced several nations of the world to enact legislation to protect the information privacy of their citizens and corporations. Transborder data flows (TBDFs) have been known to have a significant impact on multinational and transnational corporations with respect to international data transfers. This paper discusses the issues and implications of TBDFs and provides a comparative account of the privacy laws on individual data protection in different countries. Also proposed is a theoretical model relating to diffusion of social policies of use with respect to the adoption and diffusion of privacy laws by different nations of the world in a global e‐commerce environment.

The paper gives a new measurement method of the parameters characterising the magnetic laminations for broadband low‐level signals defined at any operational point.

High frequency phenomena machines fed by PWM inverters are related to low‐level signals corresponding to minor hysteresis loops around the instantaneous working point, which moves on the main loop at the basic frequency. The minor loops are assimilated to ellipses, which are characterised by only two parameters: the incremental magnetic permeability (μ) and the electric conductivity (σ).

For small signals high frequency field components, the laminated steel behaviour can be described by two local parameters (μ, σ) and skin effect. The values of μ and σ do not depend on frequency up to 1 MHz, but only on the operating point.

The proposed broadband characterisation should be associated with a Priesach model that defines the operating point for computer simulation of high frequency phenomena.

The broadband characterisation of magnetic laminations is useful for studying the behaviour of the windings of the PWM‐fed machines.

Broadband measurements are now possible on small magnetic steel lamination samples.

The paper seeks to propose a specific approach based on Dynamic Analysis and Chaos Theory aiming to emphasize the differences into the eddy current signals obtained by related non‐destructive tests, when the inspected specimens have flaws with different shapes.

Non‐linear eddy current analysis is very useful for flaw detection in many in‐service inspections. State‐of‐the‐art technologies allow one to define position and depth of defects, but the shape identification is still an open problem. In this paper, experimental data have been subjected to a dynamical analysis in order to relate the trend of eddy current signals to the shape of analyzed defect.

In particular, a dynamical reconstruction by means of recurrence plots (RPs) has been carried out in order to detect analogies and differentiations between different eddy current signals. Moreover, cross‐correlation between RPs of a reference benchmark and testing eddy current signals has been applied in order to emphasize a different dynamical behaviour and to detect a particular flaw's shape. In this way, a real‐time algorithm for defect shape classification has been performed.

Proposed approach is very interesting, and it is an innovation in non‐destructive testing procedures. In fact, the shape identification of a flaw is still an open challenge. The proposed approach, based on dynamic analysis, gives the key to solve this particular ill‐posed problem, by introducing a relation between the eddy current measurements and the shape of defect existing in the inspected specimen. Very interesting preliminary results have been obtained.

To propose a novel method for defect reconstruction in electromagnetic non‐destructive testing (NDT).

The inversion method is based on an optimized database that contains the measured signals for some predefined defect prototypes. The database is supported by an anisotropic simplex mesh, which has been generated adaptively in the abstract n‐dimensional space, spanned by the model parameters of the defect type. The actual reconstruction reduces to a mesh search and interpolation. The described theory is demonstrated in the paper by a solved NDT test problem.

We have realized that in addition to sole defect reconstruction, the database provides meta‐information about the quality of the inversion, the suitability of the chosen defect model parameters, as well as the capabilities of the testing experiment.

Defect models having several parameters require a sophisticated mesh generation algorithm, which works in higher dimensions.

In the authors' opinion the mesh database approach offers a totally new point of view of a given inverse problem, and may help in the better understanding of its nature.