The development of library science is discussed within four main phases: US influence before 1949; Soviet Union influence 1949‐1965; diplomatic segregation from the West…
Abstract
The development of library science is discussed within four main phases: US influence before 1949; Soviet Union influence 1949‐1965; diplomatic segregation from the West 1966‐1976; and the influence of the developed countries 1977‐1991. The effects of the Cold War on Chinese politics and so on librarianship are indicated and discussed and the influence of the Cultural Revolution, and recovery after it, analysed.
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Rowena Cullen and Cheng Huanwen
New technologies in reference and information work place increasing demands on reference staff to acquire skills with the technology itself, to develop and evaluate new services…
Abstract
New technologies in reference and information work place increasing demands on reference staff to acquire skills with the technology itself, to develop and evaluate new services and sources, and to train users in their optimal use. These demands for new skills create training needs among staff offering the services. This paper reports on a survey carried out in libraries in Guangzhou and Wellington that investigated the use of technology to provide information services in these libraries, the training that had been provided and areas where libraries felt there were still unmet needs for training. Although Chinese libraries were using a similar range of technologies, training programmes and needs varied between Chinese and New Zealand libraries.
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Xinya Yang, Hui Yuan, Huanwen Cheng and Pak‐sing Andrew Liu
It is important for digital library to attract users to be reliant on the library. Besides providing research resources, the library still has many ways to achieve this goal. This…
Abstract
Purpose
It is important for digital library to attract users to be reliant on the library. Besides providing research resources, the library still has many ways to achieve this goal. This article aims to experiment on the library merit system which provides different ways to enhance users' viscosity on using library.
Design/methodology/approach
For the experiment, a merit system was developed and implemented; users' feedback was collected by a questionnaire survey for analysis.
Findings
The results showed that the degree of users' viscosity on the digital library was increased and several areas for a successful digital library portal should be paid more attention to.
Originality/value
The merit system can successfully increase users' viscosity with digital library.
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Jing Zheng, Chuan‐You Deng, Shao‐Min Cheng, Wen‐Ya Liu and A‐Tao Wang
The purpose of this paper is to examine the great contributions made by the American library expert, Mary Elizabeth Wood, to Chinese library development.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the great contributions made by the American library expert, Mary Elizabeth Wood, to Chinese library development.
Design/methodology/approach
As a pioneer of the modern library movement Mary Elizabeth Wood devoted herself to a Chinese library career. It was structured according to the following theme: setting up the Boone Library and introducing the modern American public library into China; establishing Boone Library School and initiating Chinese library science education; raising money and appealing for China's library development; helping forward the foundation of the Library Association of China; as well as promoting Chinese library intercommunion and cooperation with the West.
Findings
With the background of underdeveloped Chinese librarianship, Mary Elizabeth Wood introduced modern American public library spirit into China, opened the gate of Chinese library science, and promoted Chinese library science.
Research limitations/implications
The paper discusses the library history of China and the role of an American librarian in Chinese library history; thus, it should be of wide interest to researchers involved in library history.
Originality/value
Mary Elizabeth Wood devoted herself to a Chinese library career, and promoted Chinese library science greatly, but research on her is limited. This paper considers her contribution to Chinese library science.
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Abstract
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Weinan Zheng, Peng Xiao and Andrew Madden
Academic contention occurs when research evidence is amenable to more than one interpretation. China has a long tradition of Shang Que (商榷), in which authors argue for their…
Abstract
Purpose
Academic contention occurs when research evidence is amenable to more than one interpretation. China has a long tradition of Shang Que (商榷), in which authors argue for their preferred interpretation. The modern form of this tradition is the Shang Que article, which often takes the form of research papers in Chinese-language journals and which tends to be question-oriented. Shang Que articles usually take the views of a particular author or article as the focus of independent and complete criticism by another, independent, academic. This paper explains the role of Shang Que articles in Chinese scholarship and their influence on international academia.
Design/methodology/approach
A bibliometric analysis was used to explore the characteristics and evolution of Chinese Shang Que articles using 30,577 articles published between 1979 and 2018. Microsoft Excel and Gephi were used for data analysis and visualization.
Findings
Findings suggest a decline in the number of Shang Que articles and an increase in the number of co-authors. Shang Que articles remained particularly prominent in Philosophy and Humanities and Social Sciences, where they focused on local issues such as classical Chinese, the Sinicization of Marxism and Chinese literature. This suggests that the number of Shang Que articles is related to the degree of internationalization of a research field.
Originality/value
Shang Que articles, which have been influenced by academic paradigms in English, are a fusion of China's Shang Que tradition and of the modern academic system. Through considering Shang Que articles, this paper explores the benefits of local academic traditions in non-English-speaking cultures.
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Lucas de S. Batista, Jaime A. Ramírez and Frederico G. Guimarães
The purpose of this paper is to present a new multi‐objective clonal selection algorithm (MCSA) for the solution of electromagnetic optimization problems.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a new multi‐objective clonal selection algorithm (MCSA) for the solution of electromagnetic optimization problems.
Design/methodology/approach
The method performs the somatic hypermutation step using different probability distributions, balancing the local search in the algorithm. Furthermore, it includes a receptor editing operator that implicitly realizes a dynamic search over the landscape.
Findings
In order to illustrate the efficiency of MCSA, its performance is compared with the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II) in some analytical problems and in the well‐known TEAM benchmark Problem 22. Three performance evaluation techniques are used in the comparison, and the effect of each operator of the MCSA in its accomplishment is estimated.
Research limitations/implications
In the analytical problems, the MCSA enhanced both the extension and uniformity in its solutions, providing better Pareto‐optimal sets than the NSGA‐II. In the Problem 22, the MCSA also outperformed the NSGA‐II. The MCSA was not dominated by the NSGA‐II in the three variables case and clearly presented a better convergence speed in the eight variables problem.
Practical implications
This paper could be useful for researchers who deal with multi‐objective optimization problems involving high‐computational cost.
Originality/value
The new operators incorporated in the MCSA improved both the extension, uniformity and the convergence speed of the solutions, in terms of the number of function evaluations, representing a robust tool for real‐world optimization problems.