Tengjiao Lin, Zi-ran Tan, Ze-yin He, Hong Cao and He-sheng Lv
This paper aims to introduce the moment of inertia of the driving and driven end of the clutch into the analysis of the transient temperature field of a friction plate and studied…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to introduce the moment of inertia of the driving and driven end of the clutch into the analysis of the transient temperature field of a friction plate and studied the influencing factors on that, especially to a marine gearbox.
Design/methodology/approach
A three-dimensional transient heat transfer analysis model of a wet clutch friction plate used in a marine gearbox is developed, and the transient characteristics of the temperature field during engagement are analyzed with taking account of the influence factors such as the sliding friction coefficient, engaging revolving speed, moment of inertia and applied engagement pressure.
Findings
The paper found out that the hot spot appears on the surface of the friction plate, taking account of the effect of radial slots and spiral groove. To avoid damage to the friction plate as a result of overheating, the appropriate sliding friction coefficient, lower engaging revolving speed and reasonable selection of applied engagement pressure curve can ensure a favorable heating situation of the friction plate. The reasonable structural design for the clutch with a bigger moment of inertia of driving end and smaller moment of inertia of driven end can reduce the engaging time effectively and decrease the peak temperature of the friction plate.
Originality/value
This paper fulfils a method to study the transient temperature field of a wet clutch friction plate, especially used in a marine gearbox.
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Xiang-Nan Wang, Yi-Zhao Gao, Xiang-Tao Zhang, Yu-Zhen Yu and He Lv
The stress–strain behaviors of rockfill materials in dams are significantly affected by the anisotropy and grain crushing. However, these factors are rarely considered in…
Abstract
Purpose
The stress–strain behaviors of rockfill materials in dams are significantly affected by the anisotropy and grain crushing. However, these factors are rarely considered in numerical simulations of high rockfill dams. This study intends to develop a reasonable and practical constitutive model for rockfill materials to overcome the above problems.
Design/methodology/approach
The effects of anisotropy and grain crushing are comprehensively considered by the spatial position of the reference state line. After the improved generalized plasticity model for rockfill materials (referred to as the PZR model) is developed and verified by laboratory tests, it is used with the finite element method to simulate the stress–strain behaviors of the Nuozhadu high core rockfill dam.
Findings
The simulated results agree well with the laboratory tests data and the situ monitoring data, verifying the reliability and practicability of the developed PZR model.
Originality/value
A new anisotropic state parameter is proposed to reflect the nonmonotonic variation in the strength as the major principal stress direction angle varies. This advantage is verified by the simulation of a set of conventional triaxial tests with different inclination angles of the compaction plane. 2) This is the first time that the elastoplastic model is verified by the situ monitoring data of high core rockfill dams. The numerical simulation results show that the PZR model can well reflect the stress–strain characteristics of rockfill materials in high core rockfill dams and is better than the traditional EB model.
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Guy Parrott, Annie Danbury and Poramate Kanthavanich
Over the past few years online fashion communities have proliferated becoming an increasingly powerful forum for user-generated content, and consequently, the fashion industry has…
Abstract
Purpose
Over the past few years online fashion communities have proliferated becoming an increasingly powerful forum for user-generated content, and consequently, the fashion industry has shown great interest in such communities. The purpose of this paper is to review and analyse brand advocacy behaviour within luxury brand accessory forums: to analyse the role these communities play in influencing purchase intention; assessing their contribution to fashion brand love.
Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted a netnographic approach to the phenomenon of online luxury accessory communities. The research reports observational data including blog texts and audience comments for four popular forums: The Purse Forum, The Fashion Spot, The Bag Forum (TBF) and Shoe Forum (SF). Although the forums are open to all and are designed to be internationally relevant; the observations were conducted from a base in the UK.
Findings
Findings indicate that informants display some unifying characteristics clustered around engagement, involvement, self-concept and self-connection, brand love and hedonic values. Informants however, display some discernible differences as they “rally” to two distinctive totems: first, active luxury brand advocates and second, passive brand advocates. Although subtle, these differences suggest significant possibilities for fashion brand owners.
Research limitations/implications
Further research could include the measurement of brand advocacy to distinguish more clearly between high and low levels of advocacy and the resulting consumer behaviour intentions. One sub-group that would be interesting to explore is that of brand evangelists and their relationship with fashion brands: what are the reasons for treating brands as religious artefacts and can this extreme level of advocacy be developed by marketing? The study focused on observing online posts by self-selected brand advocates. A worthwhile comparison could be made with fashion communities where brand marketers are active participants and how this influences the discourse and actions of brand advocates.
Practical implications
The findings indicate that all forum members are incredibly attached to their brands, but will still consider purchasing several brands as their “evoked set”. Additionally, even when demonstrating involvement, they can operate as passive observers in the online community.
Originality/value
Social media, especially online forums, play an important role in contemporary luxury fashion branding. This study addresses the role these forums play in supporting brand love and the contribution they make to luxury brand advocacy. Membership and influence dynamics are reported; which have resonance to both practitioners and researchers.
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Qualitative data analysis requires methodological knowledge and intellectual competence. Analysis is not about adhering to any one correct approach or set of right techniques; it…
Abstract
Qualitative data analysis requires methodological knowledge and intellectual competence. Analysis is not about adhering to any one correct approach or set of right techniques; it is imaginative, artful, flexible, and reflexive. It should also be methodical, scholarly, and intellectually rigorous. (Coffey and Atkinson, 1996, p.1.
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Kerstin Jorna and Sylvie Davies
In the 21st century, multilingual tools are gaining importance as increasingly diverse user groups from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds seek access to equally…
Abstract
In the 21st century, multilingual tools are gaining importance as increasingly diverse user groups from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds seek access to equally diverse pieces of information. The authors of this paper believe that most current forms of multilingual information access are inadequate for this role, and that a new form of multilingual thesaurus is required. The core of this paper introduces their pilot thesaurus InfoDEFT as a possible model for new online thesauri, which are semantically structured, encyclopedic and multilingual. The authors conclude that while the manual construction of such thesauri is labour intensive and hence costly, pilot thesauri can be used as training sets for artificial learning programmes, thus increasing their volume considerably at relatively little extra cost.
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Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify different automotive coatings using Confocal Raman microscope which could hardly be differentiated with Fourier transform infrared microscope (FTIR).
Design/methodology/approach
Raman spectroscopy was used to provide extra vibration information to infrared spectroscopy. Paints preparation was not necessary, and only 30 s was needed for each sample in an optimised method. Paints were first analysed by FTIR and then compared with Raman microscope.
Findings
Raman microscope was used to address the lack of ability of FTIR in discriminating four groups of paints in same colours. This study indicated that Raman microscopy is especially effective in sensing pigments and could successfully identify all pigments in the paints.
Research limitations/implications
The two instruments in combination produce accurate results than when used individually, especially in complex and multi-layered paints analysis.
Practical implications
The method proved to be fast, accurate and non-destructive, and it could be easily applied to real cases.
Originality/value
With this method, scientists could discriminate some coating types which were hard to be discriminated by other techniques.
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Evangelia K. Karaxi, Ioannis A. Kartsonakis and Costas A. Charitidis
Magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxides (LDH) with a platelet-like morphology were synthesized through a modified co-precipitation method. The purpose of this paper is to…
Abstract
Purpose
Magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxides (LDH) with a platelet-like morphology were synthesized through a modified co-precipitation method. The purpose of this paper is to investigate calcined Mg-Al-CO3 LDH (CLDH) as chloride ion traps.
Design/methodology/approach
The morphology and chemical composition of the synthesized materials were studied through UHR-SEM, EDS, FT-IR and XRD. The chloride ion adsorption was confirmed by XRD; the characteristic diffraction peaks of the reconstructed LDH structure were revealed, similar to the one before the thermal treatment process. The effect of varying the experimental conditions on the chloride ion adsorption, such as the initial target-ion concentration, the adsorbent material dosage, the solution temperature and the solution pH was also investigated.
Findings
The experimental data fitting revealed that the Langmuir equation is a better model on the basis of correlation coefficients (R2) and that the pseudo-second kinetic model can satisfactorily describe the chloride ion uptake.
Originality/value
The ability of Mg-Al CLDH to recover their layered structure upon exposure to aqueous sodium chloride solutions with concentrations up to 0.3 M (10,636 mg/L) through the chloride adsorption and the simultaneous rehydration process is clearly demonstrated.
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Rui Lv, Linbo Qing, Yanmei Yu, Xiaohai He and Qiangyu Zeng
The first purpose of this paper is to propose a scalable video coding scheme providing flexibility in video transmission, especially under wireless environment. The second purpose…
Abstract
Purpose
The first purpose of this paper is to propose a scalable video coding scheme providing flexibility in video transmission, especially under wireless environment. The second purpose is to analyze the problem of lengthening the key frame interval in distributed video coding (DVC), and propose an approach to improve the rate‐distortion (RD) performance of DVC for long group‐of‐frames (GOF) size.
Design/methodology/approach
In the proposed scheme, a base layer is first obtained from an H.264 coder. When a DVC coder is then used to code the enhancement layer, information in processing the base layer is extracted and analyzed to make multiple side‐information available and reduce error accumulation for DVC coding, thus further improving the performance of the DVC coder.
Findings
By dividing video into base and enhancement layers, the combined video coding architecture enables a flexible video transmission. In addition, several methods are used to improve the RD performance in DVC coding. Simulation shows that the proposed scheme outperforms non‐scalable DVC for long GOF size.
Originality/value
Prediction from the decoding loop in base layer encoder largely reduces enhancement layer spatial redundancy. Multiple side‐information provides better estimation for DVC reconstruction. Long prediction loop is more reliable because error accumulation is effectively compensated.
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JUNE, the month of blue skies and roses, is for librarians who teach the end of the teaching year and for younger ones the month of examinations. It is for these and others the…
Abstract
JUNE, the month of blue skies and roses, is for librarians who teach the end of the teaching year and for younger ones the month of examinations. It is for these and others the real beginning of outdoor library work where it may exist. Unfortunately a few days of beautiful weather early in May were the only adequate evidences of summer warmth to come, and the north‐east winds persist as we write in Southern England. Those who contemplate the open air roof‐top libraries, library gardens with tables and chairs for reading, Story‐hours in the public parks and so many more hopeful activities find this handicap a persistent one. There are, in the average year, very few days that may be given wholly to sedentary outdoor activities and some librarians, we learn, have abandoned official provision for outdoor reading. Private and personal outdoor reading will always continue; there is nothing more delightful. We doubt, however, if nowadays much serious use is made of books outdoors, although we should welcome evidence to the contrary. We are thinking of the general reader. The light romance, the romantic approach to the outdoor world in the modern equivalents of Richard Jefferies and W. H. Hudson seem more to tune with this part of the year. This, like every general Statement, is subject to many exceptions and the good librarian is alert to every reading possibility of the months. This month sees the annual holidays really begin and with plans for their conclusion in the Annual Meeting of the Library Association in late September at Hastings which we hope will be free from the unpleasant features of the Business Meeting at Llandudno.