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Article
Publication date: 3 June 2020

Francis Long, Georgia Bateman and Arnab Majumdar

Decontamination following chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN)/Hazmat incidents is a critical activity carried out in order to mitigate and contain the risk posed…

205

Abstract

Purpose

Decontamination following chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN)/Hazmat incidents is a critical activity carried out in order to mitigate and contain the risk posed by any hazardous materials involved. Human behaviour plays a crucial role in such incidents, as casualties will have little understanding of the situation they find themselves in, leading to uncertainty in what actions to take. This will result in very difficult circumstances within which first responders must operate. However, the importance of human behaviour appears to be a fundamental element being missed in the preparation, training and planning assumptions being made by emergency services and planners in preparation for these events.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper looks to understand the scope of this omission by reviewing relevant literature on the subject and engaging with Fire and Rescue Service personnel and managers in the UK. This study utilised semi-structured interviews with 10 Fire and Rescue Service Mass Decontamination Operatives, four Fire and Rescue Service Hazardous Material Advisers and three Fire and Rescue Service Strategic Officers participating. These interviews were then analysed using a thematic framework to identified key themes from the research which were then validated using two independent researchers to provide an inter-rater reliability measure. Finally, a follow-up validation questionnaire was also developed to test the validity of the themes identified and this was completed by another with 36 Fire and Rescue Service Mass Decontamination Operatives.

Findings

Both the literature review and interviews undertaken with emergency responders and mangers demonstrated the crucial importance of accounting for behavioural aspects in these situations especially in regards to the likely levels of compliance to be expected by responders and the potential problem of casualties not remaining at the scene of an incident to undergo decontamination.

Originality/value

This research identifies a number of key themes so far not recognized through any other research and in doing so offers insights into potential flaws in the UK Fire and Rescue Service response planning for CBRN/Hazmat incidents requiring mass decontamination. It is intended that this research will inform further study into the areas identified in order to ensure gaps in planning, training and strategies for mass decontamination operations can be more fully informed and if required allow for a more effective response.

Details

International Journal of Emergency Services, vol. 9 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2047-0894

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2000

David L. Turnipseed and Eugene Murkison

This exploratory study describes an empirical comparison of organization citizenship behavior (OCB) between samples from the United States and Romania. The economic and work…

513

Abstract

This exploratory study describes an empirical comparison of organization citizenship behavior (OCB) between samples from the United States and Romania. The economic and work environment distance between the U.S. and Romania was theorized to result in a dissimilar structure and strength of good citizenship behaviors and differential contributions of OCB to productivity. Data from Romania produced a unique factor structure with lower factor scores than those of the comparable organization in the United States. The citizenship behaviors in both countries were positively related to productivity, but links were stronger in the U.S. There were significant differences in the individual citizenship behaviors and productivity between the U.S. and Romania. National and organizational cultures appear to be significant determinants of OCB. The results are interpreted with respect to the stage of development, histories, and economies of the two countries.

Details

The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, vol. 8 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1055-3185

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Article
Publication date: 6 June 2016

Velma Zahirovic-Herbert, Karen M. Gibler and Swarn Chatterjee

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether low financial literacy is associated with the use of risky mortgages and delinquency.

2565

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether low financial literacy is associated with the use of risky mortgages and delinquency.

Design/methodology/approach

A probit analysis is used to analyze the results of a survey of US homeowners.

Findings

It was found that borrowers with low financial literacy are more likely to have a risky mortgage and be delinquent in their mortgage payments.

Originality/value

The results indicate that many risky loan borrowers may be unable to evaluate the risks inherent in the mortgage, which contributes to high delinquency rates. These results suggest the need for education and caution in the use of risky mortgages.

Details

International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, vol. 9 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8270

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Article
Publication date: 8 February 2013

Patrick J. Rosopa, Amber N. Schroeder and Anna L. Hulett

The purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally the effect of altruistic behavior on personality perceptions, advancement potential, and reward recommendations and…

2295

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally the effect of altruistic behavior on personality perceptions, advancement potential, and reward recommendations and assess whether personality perceptions serve as a mediating mechanism between altruistic behavior and job ratings (e.g. advancement potential).

Design/methodology/approach

A randomized experimental design was used to investigate the mediating effect of personality perceptions on the relationship between altruistic behavior and advancement potential and reward recommendations.

Findings

It was found that altruistic employees were perceived as having more favorable personality characteristics and received higher advancement potential ratings and greater reward recommendations than their less altruistic counterparts. In addition, personality perceptions were found to mediate partially the relation between altruistic behavior and job ratings (i.e. advancement potential and reward recommendations).

Originality/value

Research findings on citizenship behavior and personality are often based on the results of non‐experimental designs. This paper utilized a randomized experiment to investigate a mediating effect using a contemporary approach for testing hypothesized mediation.

Details

Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 28 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0268-3946

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Article
Publication date: 21 November 2008

Adela J.W. Chen, Marie‐Claude Boudreau and Richard T. Watson

There is a growing awareness by researchers and practitioners of organizations' ecological responsibilities. Past research in management suggests that it is important to develop…

9139

Abstract

Purpose

There is a growing awareness by researchers and practitioners of organizations' ecological responsibilities. Past research in management suggests that it is important to develop ecological sustainability, a long‐missing piece of the sustainability puzzle, together with economic sustainability and social sustainability. However, little research has been conducted to explore how information systems (IS), as one of the defining technologies in human society, can help organizations develop ecological sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a conceptual model and propositions with regard to the roles of IS in the pursuit of ecological sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper focuses on how organizations are motivated to act in the same legitimate way (i.e. eco‐friendly way) and proposes institutional theory as a lens to better understand how IS can be leveraged to achieve the three milestones of ecological sustainability, i.e. eco‐efficiency, eco‐equity and eco‐effectiveness.

Findings

The model advocates that under different institutional pressures, IS can be leveraged to achieve eco‐efficiency, eco‐equity and eco‐effectiveness through automating, informating (up and down) and transforming organizations, respectively. Research limitations/implications – The paper calls for the incorporation of the dimension of natural environment into our framework for future investigation of the IS roles in organizations.

Practical implications

The paper highlights the importance for practitioners to understand the environmental impact of the IS that they design or use, and the roles that IS can play in facilitating the large‐scale learning about ecological sustainability.

Originality/value

The implications of this research for both practice and academia are discussed, with a brief outlook towards future research.

Details

Journal of Systems and Information Technology, vol. 10 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1328-7265

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Article
Publication date: 9 January 2017

Hyunju Shin, Alexander E. Ellinger, David L. Mothersbaugh and Kristy E. Reynolds

Services marketing research continues to be largely focused on firms’ reactive interactions for recovering from service failure rather than on proactive customer interactions that…

2956

Abstract

Purpose

Services marketing research continues to be largely focused on firms’ reactive interactions for recovering from service failure rather than on proactive customer interactions that may prevent service failure from occurring in the first place. Building on previous studies that assess the efficacy of implementing proactive interaction in service provision contexts, the purpose of this paper is to compare the influences of proactive interaction to prevent service failure and reactive interaction to correct service failure on customer emotion and patronage behavior. Since proactive interaction for service failure prevention is a relatively underexplored and resource-intensive approach, the authors also assess the moderating influences of customer and firm-related characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach

The study hypotheses are tested with survey data from two scenario-based experiments conducted in a retail setting.

Findings

The findings reveal that customers prefer service providers that take the initiative to get to them before they have to initiate contact for themselves. The findings also identify the moderating influences of relationship quality, situational involvement, and contact person status and motive.

Originality/value

The research contributes to the development of service provision theory and practice by expanding on previous studies which report that proactive efforts to prepare customers for the adverse effects of service failure are favorably received. The results also shed light on moderating factors that may further inform the exploitation of resource-intensive proactive interaction for service failure prevention. An agenda is proposed to stimulate future research on proactive customer interaction to prevent service failure in service provision contexts.

Details

Journal of Service Theory and Practice, vol. 27 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2055-6225

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Article
Publication date: 30 August 2023

Stephen P. Walker

The paper aims to explore the relationship between accounting and racial violence through an investigation of sharecropping in the postbellum American South.

136

Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to explore the relationship between accounting and racial violence through an investigation of sharecropping in the postbellum American South.

Design/methodology/approach

A range of primary sources including peonage case files of the US Department of Justice and the archives of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) are utilised. Data are analysed by reference to Randall Collins' theory of violence. Consistent with this theory, a micro-sociological approach to examining violent encounters is employed.

Findings

It is demonstrated that the production of alternative or competing accounts, accounting manipulation and failure to account generated interactions where confrontational tension culminated in bluster, physical attacks and lynching. Such violence took place in the context of potent racial ideologies and institutions.

Originality/value

The paper is distinctive in its focus on the interface between accounting and “actual” (as opposed to symbolic) violence. It reveals how accounting processes and traces featured in the highly charged emotional fields from which physical violence could erupt. The study advances knowledge of the role of accounting in race relations from the late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, a largely unexplored period in the accounting history literature. It also seeks to extend the research agenda on accounting and slavery (which has hitherto emphasised chattel slavery) to encompass the practice of debt peonage.

Details

Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, vol. 37 no. 7/8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0951-3574

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2002

Hettie A. Richardson, Allen C. A mason, Ann K. Buchholtz and Joseph G. Gerard

Despite its strategic importance, researchers have given little attention to when CEOs are willing to delegate decisions to top management team members. Prior studies and…

690

Abstract

Despite its strategic importance, researchers have given little attention to when CEOs are willing to delegate decisions to top management team members. Prior studies and conventional wisdom suggest that CEOs will be more willing to delegate in times of good performance. Drawing from prospect theory, we suggest an alternative view: that CEOs will be risk‐averse and, therefore, less willing to delegate when their firms have performed well. Our findings provide support for both perspectives.

Details

The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, vol. 10 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1055-3185

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Article
Publication date: 11 July 2016

Mike Schraeder, Mark H. Jordan, Dennis R. Self and David J. Hoover

“Unlearning” is discussed as an additional perspective or supplemental strategy for managers/leaders to consider when addressing cynicism in organizations. The article is not…

516

Abstract

Purpose

“Unlearning” is discussed as an additional perspective or supplemental strategy for managers/leaders to consider when addressing cynicism in organizations. The article is not intended to be definitive. The aim of this paper is to generate ideas and encourage further exploration amongst practitioners and scholars regarding the feasibility of this perspective. There are a number of plausible explanations for the origin of cynicism, including the notion that cynicism is learned. As anything that is learned can also be unlearned, “unlearning” seemed to be a compelling perspective worthy of further exploration.

Design/methodology/approach

A targeted literature review of cynicism (with a specific focus on some of the more salient and well-respected research) was utilized to develop a conceptual overview of cynicism, a discussion of key causes/antecedents of cynicism, and common symptoms of cynicism. Select literature was also reviewed relative to the concept of “unlearning”. These varied sources were then synthesized into a framework that outlined the premise of “unlearning” applied to cynicism in organizations.

Findings

This article focuses on the attitudinal dimension of cynicism, discussing “unlearning” as a possible method for addressing cynicism that can be used to supplement, but not necessarily replace, other methods that have proven effective.

Originality/value

Cynicism in organizations has received notable research attention. This article contributes to this important topic by exploring “unlearning” as a supplemental approach or perspective for addressing cynicism with the intent of generating ideas and encouraging further exploration of the feasibility of this approach.

Details

International Journal of Organizational Analysis, vol. 24 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1934-8835

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Article
Publication date: 24 June 2013

Barry Jones, Georgia Juett and Nathan Hill

Following on from an earlier published study, the purpose of this paper is to further clarify with a larger sample and over a longer timescale of two years the effect of a…

181

Abstract

Purpose

Following on from an earlier published study, the purpose of this paper is to further clarify with a larger sample and over a longer timescale of two years the effect of a therapeutic-community informed personality disorder service intervention upon psychiatric in-patient bed use. The service integrates two psychoanalytical models; a mentalization-based treatment (MBT) and a service user network (SUN) model.

Design/methodology/approach

The number of psychiatric bed days used by patients attending each arm of the service model (SUN and MBT) was collated using the electronic patient records system. Bed use in the six-12-18-and 24-month period before each patient started treatment was compared with bed use in the same periods after starting treatment.

Findings

There appeared no significant increase after intervention in the group of patients using no psychiatric beds prior to intervention. Bed use in the second group (those using beds prior to intervention) appeared significantly reduced by six months and the reduction continued to prove significant at 12 and 18 months post-intervention. In relation to the component arms of the service, a significant reduction in bed use was seen in each of the MBT and SUN interventions at six, 12, 18 and 24 months after commencement. However, due to the small sample sizes, these results lacked sufficient power to afford a meaningful comment upon the effect of component arms.

Research limitations/implications

Intervention by the TC informed two-model integrated personality disorder service had a statistically significant effect overall on reducing bed use, which was maintained at six and 12 months.

Practical implications

The paper supports the finding of the authors’ previous study; a therapeutic model of care that significantly reduces psychiatric bed use. That the reduction in psychiatric bed use continues to further appear highly significant at 18 months suggest that our service has an enduring effect upon inpatient psychiatric resources.

Originality/value

The paper describes a unique model of care currently successfully employed in the therapeutic management of people with personality disorder. The model is replicable and effective and offers some possibilities for the development of therapeutic-community informed practice.

Details

Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, vol. 34 no. 2/3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0964-1866

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