E.R. BRAITHWAITE and G.W. ROWE
LONG before man learnt to make fire by the friction of wood, he experienced the burden of friction in dragging home his kill. Perhaps it is not too fanciful to suppose that the…
Abstract
LONG before man learnt to make fire by the friction of wood, he experienced the burden of friction in dragging home his kill. Perhaps it is not too fanciful to suppose that the torn sides of his beast gave the first solid lubricant. Blood and mutton fat were seriously recommended as lubricants for church bell trunnions as recently as the 17th century. Indoed we still reckon fatty acids the best of all boundary lubricants. The range of man's activities has increased enormously in the present century, and particularly in the last few decades. Men have circled the earth in space; a space ship is on its way to examine another planet; terrestrial man is boring to the bottom of the earth's crust; others have descended to the depths of the ocean, and oven established a home on the floor of the Mediterranean, Speeds have increased by factors of thousands, temperatures range from near absolute zero to thousands of degrees; and a new environment of high‐intensity nuclear radiation has been created. Still, objects must move over and along each other in these exotic conditions; and to a large extent solid lubricants can provide the answer to the frictional problems.
The various physical and surface‐chemical factors which might affect the lubricating action of molybdenum disulphide are discussed; the importance of particle size and shape are…
Abstract
The various physical and surface‐chemical factors which might affect the lubricating action of molybdenum disulphide are discussed; the importance of particle size and shape are emphasized. Up to date thoughts on lubrication mechanism are examined together with various environmental factors which can affect its industrial use. Recent Climax development work, particularly with respect to MoS2 greases concludes the paper.
The reason I gave the name Contact Lubrication to cover the action of lamellar solids is that I do not think they can be fairly classified as boundary lubricants whose adsorptive…
Abstract
The reason I gave the name Contact Lubrication to cover the action of lamellar solids is that I do not think they can be fairly classified as boundary lubricants whose adsorptive and film strength properties are indigenious to the lubricant. At best, adsorptive forces provide temporary attachment of particle to sliding surface before the particles are mechanically worked in.
THIS PAPER deals with two aspects of the frictional and wear properties of graphite and molybdenum disulphide :—
This paper aims to review the history of black and minority ethnic housing associations in England since the arrival of Commonwealth migrants.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to review the history of black and minority ethnic housing associations in England since the arrival of Commonwealth migrants.
Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on the theoretical framework of Lawrence and Buchanan (2017), the authors examine the interplay of institutional control, agency and resistance, in a highly racialized context.
Findings
The authors identify five phases in the development of grassroots organizers into housing associations, describing the different types of “institutional work” involved in challenging racialized institutions and establishing new institutions. The exercise of episodic power to achieve institutional agency created resistance from powerful actors seeking to maintain systemic power. The growing movement for black and minority ethnic housing fought to establish organizational legitimacy. Achieving this not only enabled them to serve and represent their communities but also entailed compromising more radical political agendas.
Originality/value
Racialized aspects are largely lacking from institutional theory, as are the actions of racialized individuals and organizations. In looking at a highly racialized context, the authors hope to contribute to understanding the institutional work done by such groups and the challenges they face as their efforts develop and become legitimated.
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Karen Carberry and Belinda Brooks-Gordon
Border crossing between systemic and racial identity theories can contribute to systemic research on Black therapists work with White families.Questionnaires were used to gather…
Abstract
Border crossing between systemic and racial identity theories can contribute to systemic research on Black therapists work with White families.
Questionnaires were used to gather data from 29 Black, Asian and Mixed Heritage therapists in order to test the significance of variables associated with transgenerational advice, socialisation experience, professional training and therapists’ perception of successful outcomes (n=29). The study concluded that White clients were associated with the contact and disintegration statuses at the beginning of therapy, and that Black therapists were associated with being at least two racial identity statuses in advance of their White clients. In addition, results showed that there was a significant association with eye contact and White clients across all racial identity statuses in therapy, and that the therapist’s age was significantly associated with therapeutic experiences, length of therapeutic practice and the belief in working with unintentional racism in therapy. The outcome of this study will have policy implications in terms of clinical practice and supervision.
E.R. Braithwaite, A.B. Greene and B.M. Train
This report presents the results of a comparative test in which two similar new engines were run‐in under identical conditions except that in one case a molybdenum disulphide…
Abstract
This report presents the results of a comparative test in which two similar new engines were run‐in under identical conditions except that in one case a molybdenum disulphide suspension in oil was used as a crank case lubricant. The special testing rig is described and the results are presented in terms of comparative wear rates, determination of final ring profiles and SEM analyses of final ring surfaces. From this investigation it is concluded that the molybdenum disulphide additive is effective in modifying the mechanism of wear during running‐in so that metal‐to‐metal contact is reduced and the change in surface topography is achieved mainly by plastic deformation rather than by an adhesive or abrasive wear process which mainly occurs when using conventional break‐in oils.
Søren Bie Bogh, Ane Blom, Ditte Caroline Raben, Jeffrey Braithwaite, Bettina Thude, Erik Hollnagel and Christian von Plessen
The purpose of this paper is to understand how staff at various levels perceive and understand hospital accreditation generally and in relation to quality improvement (QI…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand how staff at various levels perceive and understand hospital accreditation generally and in relation to quality improvement (QI) specifically.
Design/methodology/approach
In a newly accredited Danish hospital, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews to capture broad ranging experiences. Medical doctors, nurses, a quality coordinator and a quality department employee participated. Interviews were audio recorded and subjected to framework analysis.
Findings
Staff reported that The Danish Healthcare Quality Programme affected management priorities: office time and working on documentation, which reduced time with patients and on improvement activities. Organisational structures were improved during preparation for accreditation. Staff perceived that the hospital was better prepared for new QI initiatives after accreditation; staff found disease specific requirements unnecessary. Other areas benefited from accreditation. Interviewees expected that organisational changes, owing to accreditation, would be sustained and that the QI focus would continue.
Practical implications
Accreditation is a critical and complete hospital review, including areas that often are neglected. Accreditation dominates hospital agendas during preparation and surveyor visits, potentially reducing patient care and other QI initiatives. Improvements are less likely to occur in areas that other QI initiatives addressed. Yet, accreditation creates organisational foundations for future QI initiatives.
Originality/value
The authors study contributes new insights into how hospital staff at different organisational levels perceive and understand accreditation.
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Among the recommendations of the first International Intervisitation Program held in North America in 1966 was the organization of a second program at a later date. The 1970…
Abstract
Among the recommendations of the first International Intervisitation Program held in North America in 1966 was the organization of a second program at a later date. The 1970 International Intervisitation Program, held in Australia, was jointly sponsored by the University Council for Educational Administration and the University of New England. The themes of the Program were Centralization and Bureaucracy, Planning and Systems Analysis, Accountability and Assessment and Teacher Negotiation and Participation in Policy Making. These themes were the subject of papers at the orientation phase, of observation in a two week visitation phase and of group discussion at a conference held in Armidale. Perhaps the most important outcome of the Program was the decision to establish a Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration, a professional association for those interested in educational administration, which seems likely to hold its first plenary meeting at the third International Intervisitation Program to be held in England in 1974.
The British team's performance in the International Apprentice Competition this year is the best yet for this country: eight gold medals, five silver, and two bronze beats…
Abstract
The British team's performance in the International Apprentice Competition this year is the best yet for this country: eight gold medals, five silver, and two bronze beats anything a British team has done since we started competing nine years ago.