Enrique Carreras-Romero, Ana Carreras-Franco and Ángel Alloza-Losada
Economic globalization is leading large companies to focus on international strategic management. Nowadays, the assets referred to as “corporate intangibles,” such as corporate…
Abstract
Economic globalization is leading large companies to focus on international strategic management. Nowadays, the assets referred to as “corporate intangibles,” such as corporate reputation, are becoming increasingly important because they are considered a key factor for the viability of an organization, and companies therefore need to incorporate them into their scorecards for management. The problem is that their measurement is subjective and latent. These two characteristics impede direct international comparison and require demonstrating the accuracy of comparison via a minimum of two tests – construct equivalence and metric equivalence. As regards corporate reputation, construct equivalence was verified by Naomi Gardberg (2006). However, the subsequent studies did not address metric equivalence. Based on the results of a survey provided by the Reputation Institute (n = 5,950, 50 firms evaluated in 17 countries in the Americas, Europe, Asia and Australia), the degree of RepTrak metric equivalence has been tested, using two different methodologies, multigroup analysis (structural equation model), and a new technique from 2016, the Measurement Invariance of Composite Model procedure from the Partial Least Square Path Modeling family. As one would expect from other cross-cultural studies, reputation metrics do not meet the full metric equivalence, which is why they require standardization processes to ensure international comparability. Both methodologies have identified the same correction parameters, which have allowed validation of the mean and variance of response style by country.
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E. Carrera and A. Robaldo
The purpose of this paper is to present several two‐dimensional plate elements for the analysis of shear actuated laminate.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present several two‐dimensional plate elements for the analysis of shear actuated laminate.
Design/methodology/approach
The limitations of the classical formulations based on the principle of virtual displacements in depicting the peculiar behavior of the transverse and normal stresses of multilayered structures have been easily overcome by using the mixed variational theorem proposed by Reissner (Reissner mixed variational theorem). In the framework of a unified formulation (UF), the assumptions of the unknowns is made through a common expansion leading both to global and layerwise description of the assumed unknowns. In addition, the possibility to choose the order of the expansion between one and four allows to be derived and compared 22 different plate models. The performances of the proposed elements have tested on application for whom an exact solution is available in open literature.
Findings
The obtained results complain quite well with the exact ones even if the need of advanced plate models come to evidence.
Originality/value
This paper describes how the capabilities of the UF to accurately analyze multilayered structures exploiting the shear mode actuation have been tested and states that in order to extend the capabilities of the UF, further efforts should be made toward the assumptions of discontinuous electric fields (potential and normal displacement). The paper confirms the need for advanced higher order plate models in modeling of adaptive laminate.
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The purpose of the study is to obtain and analyze vibro-acoustic characteristics.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to obtain and analyze vibro-acoustic characteristics.
Design/methodology/approach
A unified analysis model for the rotary composite laminated plate and conical–cylindrical double cavities coupled system is established. The related parameters of the unified model are determined by isoparametric transformation. The modified Fourier series are applied to construct the admissible displacement function and the sound pressure tolerance function of the coupled systems. The energy functional of the structure domain and acoustic field domain is established, respectively, and the structure–acoustic coupling potential energy is introduced to obtain the energy functional. Rayleigh–Ritz method was used to solve the energy functional.
Findings
The displacement and sound pressure response of the coupled systems are acquired by introducing the internal point sound source excitation, and the influence of relevant parameters of the coupled systems is researched. Through research, it is found that the impedance wall can reduce the amplitude of the sound pressure response and suppress the resonance of the coupled systems. Besides, the composite laminated plate has a good noise reduction effect.
Originality/value
This study can provide the theoretical guidance for vibration and noise reduction.
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M. Di Gifico, P. Nali and S. Brischetto
Finite elements for the analysis of multilayered plates subjected to magneto‐electro‐elastic fields are developed in this work. An accurate description of the various field…
Abstract
Finite elements for the analysis of multilayered plates subjected to magneto‐electro‐elastic fields are developed in this work. An accurate description of the various field variables has been provided by employing a variable kinematic model which is based on the Unified Formulation, UF. Displacements, magnetic and electric potential have been chosen as independent unknowns. Equivalent single layer and layer‐wise descriptions have been accounted for. Plate models with linear up to fourth‐order distribution in the thickness direction have been compared. The extension of the principle of virtual displacements to magneto‐electro‐elastic continua has been employed to derive finite elements governing equations. According to UF these equations are presented in terms of fundamental nuclei whose form is not affected by kinematic assumptions. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed elements as well as their capability, by choosing appropriate kinematics, to accurately trace the static response of laminated plates subject to magneto‐electro‐elastic fields.
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E. Carrera, S. Brischetto, C. Fagiano and P. Nali
Finite Elements FE based on the Reissner’s Mixed Variational Theorem RMVT, for the analysis of multilayered plates subjected to magneto‐electro‐elastic MEE fields, are developed…
Abstract
Finite Elements FE based on the Reissner’s Mixed Variational Theorem RMVT, for the analysis of multilayered plates subjected to magneto‐electro‐elastic MEE fields, are developed in this work. Accurate description of the various field variables has been provided by employing a variable kinematic model which is based on the Carrera’s Unified Formulation CUF. Displacements, transverse shear/normal stresses, magnetic and electric potentials have been chosen as independent unknowns. Interlaminar continuity of mechanical variables is “a priori” guaranteed by the RMVT application. Layer‐wise plate elements with linear up to fourth order distribution in the thickness direction have been compared. FE governing equations, according to CUF, are presented in terms of fundamental nuclei whose form is not affected by kinematic assumptions. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed elements, the superiority of mixed FEs with respect to the classical ones, as well as their capability, by choosing appropriate kinematics, to accurately trace the static response of laminated plates subject to magneto‐electro‐elastic fields.
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Eduardo Fracchia and Luiz F. Mesquita
Conventional economic and management theories explain that business groups facing market liberalization policy reforms (i.e., competitive shocks) would have incentives to reduce…
Abstract
Conventional economic and management theories explain that business groups facing market liberalization policy reforms (i.e., competitive shocks) would have incentives to reduce corporate portfolios and increase internationalization. We empirically examine the strategic responses of Argentine business groups and, through an inductive theory building process, propose refinements to this theory. We argue that such a strategy process is moderated not only by differences in market forces set out by policy reforms across different economic segments but also by the path dependency of resources and capabilities as well as management decision‐making style of individual business groups. We discuss implications for theory and practice.
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Salvatore Brischetto and Erasmo Carrera
The purpose of this paper is to consider the static analysis of nanocomposite plates. Nanocomposites consist of a small amount of nanoscale reinforcements which can have an…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the static analysis of nanocomposite plates. Nanocomposites consist of a small amount of nanoscale reinforcements which can have an observable effect on the macroscale properties of the composites.
Design/methodology/approach
In the present study the reinforcements considered are non‐spherical, high aspect ratio fillers, in particular nanometer‐thin platelets (clays) and nanometer‐diameter cylinders (carbon nanotubes, CNTs). These plates are considered simply supported with a bi‐sinusoidal pressure applied at the top. These conditions allow the solving of the governing equations in a closed form. Four cases are investigated: a single layered plate with CNT reinforcements in elastomeric or thermoplastic polymers, a single layered plate with CNT reinforcements in a polymeric matrix embedding carbon fibers, a sandwich plate with external skins in aluminium alloy and an internal core in silicon foam filled with CNTs and a single layered plate with clay reinforcements in a polymeric matrix. A short review of the most important results in the literature is given to determine the elastic properties of the suggested nanocomposites which will be used in the proposed static analysis. The static response of the plates is obtained by using classical two‐dimensional models such as classical lamination theory (CLT) and first order shear deformation theory (FSDT), and an advanced mixed model based on the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) which makes use of a layer‐wise description for both displacement and transverse stress components.
Findings
The paper has two aims: to demonstrate that the use of classical theories, originally developed for traditional plates, is inappropriate to investigate the static response of nanocomposite plates and to quantify the beneficial effect of the nanoreinforcements in terms of static response (displacements and stresses).
Originality/value
In the literature these effects are usually given only in terms of elastic properties such as Young moduli, shear moduli and Poisson ratios, and not in terms of displacements and stresses.
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S. Olivella, A. Gens, J. Carrera and E.E. Alonso
Presents numerical aspects of the program CODE_BRIGHT, which is a simulator for COupled DEformation, BRIne, Gas and Heat transport problems. It solves the equations of mass and…
Abstract
Presents numerical aspects of the program CODE_BRIGHT, which is a simulator for COupled DEformation, BRIne, Gas and Heat transport problems. It solves the equations of mass and energy balance and stress equilibrium and, originally, it was developed for saline media. The governing equations also include a set of constitutive laws and equilibrium conditions. The main peculiarities of saline media are in the dissolution/precipitation phenomena, presence of brine inclusions in the solid salt and creep deformation of the solid matrix.
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Rubén Huertas-García, Jorge Lengler and Carolina Consolación-Segura
Companies are increasingly incorporating support for social causes in advertising to improve brand image and increase sales, but it is unclear how these behaviours influence…
Abstract
Purpose
Companies are increasingly incorporating support for social causes in advertising to improve brand image and increase sales, but it is unclear how these behaviours influence purchase intentions. This paper aims to analyse this relationship from a strategic perspective to assess whether the degree of fit of any of the five strategic dimensions that Zdravkovic et al. (2010) propose influence purchase intentions synergistically.
Design/methodology/approach
This study includes two stages: a qualitative stage to build brand–cause relationships and a quantitative study of one of these relationships to examine which fit dimensions are involved and whether they generate synergy in purchase intentions.
Findings
Results demonstrate that adjustment to two of the five dimensions is sufficient to influence emotional responses positively.
Research limitations/implications
This study presents limitations, as it has been developed using a particular sample of university students.
Practical implications
These analyses provide tools for managers to verify which types of strategic fit operate in this relationship and facilitate co-branding planning to achieve financial goals.
Originality/value
The analysis provides tools for managers to verify which types of strategic fit operate in this relationship and facilitate co-branding planning to achieve financial goals.