Search results

This chapter uncovers the destabilizing and transformative dimensions of a legal process commonly described as assimilation. Lawyers working on behalf of a marginalized group often argue that the group merits inclusion in dominant institutions, and they do so by casting the group as like the majority. Scholars have criticized claims of this kind for affirming the status quo and muting significant differences of the excluded group. Yet, this chapter shows how these claims may also disrupt the status quo, transform dominant institutions, and convert distinctive features of the excluded group into more widely shared legal norms. This dynamic is observed in the context of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights, and specifically through attention to three phases of LGBT advocacy: (1) claims to parental recognition of unmarried same-sex parents, (2) claims to marriage, and (3) claims regarding the consequences of marriage for same-sex parents. The analysis shows how claims that appeared assimilationist – demanding inclusion in marriage and parenthood by arguing that same-sex couples are similarly situated to their different-sex counterparts – subtly challenged and reshaped legal norms governing parenthood, including marital parenthood. While this chapter focuses on LGBT claims, it uncovers a dynamic that may exist in other settings.

South Africa’s mixed, pluralistic legal order demands a nuanced approach to cultural expertise in litigation. Culture in general and cultural expertise in particular have always played an important role in all areas of law, both state and non-state, and a rich collection of jurisprudence is available to serve as illustration. Even though both the common law and the customary law are both recognized legal systems, they are treated differently by the judiciary. The general rule is that judicial notice must be taken of the common law rules and that judicial notice of customary law may only be taken “in so far as such law can be ascertained readily and with sufficient certainty.” The ascertainment of customary law provides a challenge to the judiciary because of its adaptive inherent flexibility and indeterminate nature, especially where the rules are oral or so-called “living” customary law. Cultural expertise also plays an important role in the case of non-state law. A considerable quantity of case law exists where the courts have considered expert evidence regarding the content of certain religious legal systems to provide protection to litigants claiming that they are subject to those systems. The aim of this contribution is to investigate the diverse approaches of the South African courts when it comes to the admissibility of expert evidence in cases where culture (both custom and religion in both state and non-state law) is relevant. The fact that the South African legal system has its roots firmly in Western law and has been confronted with cultural diversity for a very long time might provide some lessons to the Western world, even if those lessons are only to prevent it from making the same mistakes as the South African legal system has made or might still be doing.

Meine ersten Worte seien ein Gruss und ein Dank. Ich heisse Sie meinerseits von Herzen willkommen. Vor allem aber spreche ich namens der Internationalen Vereinigung wissenschaftlicher Fremdenverkehrsexperten jenen, die uns hierher eingeladen und die zur Verwirklichung dieser Veranstaltung beigetragen haben, den tiefgefühlten Dank aus. Dieser gilt in erster Linie der österreichischen Bundesregierung, von der uns S. Exzellenz Dr. E. Kolh, der Herr Unterrichtsminister, die hohe Ehre seiner Anwesenheit und persönlichen Begrüssung erweist, die wir vollauf zu würdigen wissen. Es kann den österreichischen Behörden nicht hoch genug angerechnet werden, dass sie uns die Möglichkeit verschaffen, unsern vierten Kongress in Wien abzuhalten, das für uns einen Inbegriff hoher allgemeiner und zugleich touristischer Kultur bildet. Wenn die Aufnahme, die uns hier gewährt wird, vom Geiste einer Gastfreundschaft und Liebenswürdigkeit getragen ist, wie sie nicht mehr zu überbieten sind, so finden sich darin zugleich jene Vorstellungen bestätigt, die wir mit Österreich verbinden und wodurch dessen Land und Volk jedem einzelnen von uns so teuer wurden. In meinen aufrichtigen Dank seien nicht weniger alle eingeschlossen, die um die Vorbereitung und Organisation des Kongresses besorgt waren. Ich muss befürchten, Ungenauigkeiten und Ungerechtigkeiten zu begehen, wenn ich es unternehmen wollte, sie beim Namen zu nennen. Trotzdem kann und darf ich nicht unterlassen, unsern Freunden von der Österreichischen Verkehrswerbung und vom Institut für Fremdenverkehrsforschung an der Hochschule für Welthandel, an ihrer Spitze Herrn Doz. Dkfm. Dr. Paul Bernecker, die besondere Anerkennung für ihre verdienstvollen Bemühungen zum Ausdruck zu bringen. Jeder, der hinter die Kulissen sieht, weiss, welche Unmenge an Kleinarbeit und auch wie viele Unannehmlichkeiten manchmal mit der Vorbereitung derartiger Tagungen verknüpft sind. Unser Wunsch geht dahin, sie möchten mit dem heutigen Tage vergessen sein und unsere treuen Helfer würden nurmehr Genugtuung darüber empfinden, an einer guten Sache erfolgreich mitgewirkt zu haben — das einzige Entgelt übrigens, das wir ihnen zu bieten vermögen, das ihnen aber nebst unserer Verbundenheit in reichstem Masse gebührt und zukommen soll.

This paper aims to clarify the meaning of children’s participation in the relationship between children’s individual action and the social treatment and consequences of this action. For this purpose, the paper explores the integration of different theoretical approaches that can shape research on children’s participation, looking at interactions, complex social systems that include interactions, and narratives that are produced in these complex social systems. This integration allows the understanding of the ways in which children actively participate in communication processes, social structures condition children’s active participation, and children’s active participation can enhance structural change in social systems, through the implementation of promotional communication systems. The paper highlights the following paradox: the relevance of children’s action for social change depends on the relevance of adults’ action in promoting children’s actions. This theoretical perspective is exemplified in the case of promotion of children’s active participation in the education system through the empirical analysis of cases of videotaped and transcribed interactions, highlighting facilitation systems of classroom communication. The analyzed data are based on a field research in Italian classrooms regarding a specific methodology of facilitation of communication. The analysis of these data shows the ways in which the facilitation system creates the paradoxical relationship between structures that condition children’s active participation and children’s active participation that enhances structural change. The paper highlights a new way of dealing with children’s participation, based on a social constructionist, systemic, and interactionist approach.

This paper presents a finite element simulation of the hot fiat rolling of steel. An elastoplastic behaviour of steel and plane strain are assumed. The results presented here were calculated with the finite element program MARC and they have shown good agreement with experimental data.

The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of wine by the glass (WBG) consumption as a new growing trend in wine consumption. To this end, the roles of risk perception, wine involvement and variety seeking are investigated in determining WBG purchase intentions.

Two studies based on a scenario-based survey have been conducted. In Study 1 (n=248), the relationship between WBG risk perception and WBG purchase intention mediated by variety seeking is tested. In Study 2 (n=200), the relationship between wine involvement and WBG purchase intention with the mediating role of variety seeking is analysed.

Results show that variety seeking plays a key role in determining WBG purchase intentions considering both WBG perceived risk and wine involvement as independent variables.

The study advances the literature on WBG consumption by enclosing the psychological mechanism (i.e. variety seeking) behind consumers’ WBG purchase intentions. The main limitation of this study lies in it being conducted in a single country (i.e. Italy).

This paper provides useful guidelines for wine managers. Specifically, variety seeking can attract consumers in new wine-consuming places based on a rich assortment. Moreover, it can present a challenge to wine producers in creating brand loyalty.

Although WBG is a growing trend in wine consumption, empirical studies are still scant and a deeper comprehension of its antecedents and consequences is needed. By showing variety seeking as the mechanism behind WBG consumption, this study offers a new theoretical explanation of this phenomenon.

Secondo Troisi, il patrimonio turistico di un Paese si può definire come «il complesso di tutti i beni turistici naturali (liberi, privati e pubblici o collettivi) e artificiali, che attrae i forestieri». (1) Questa definizione ci ricorda la nozione del «luogo turistico» (Fremdenverkehrsort) che da tempo ha il suo posto nella dottrina turistica. (2) Un «luogo turistico» è un centro con una caratteristica propria, una località che ha attrattive naturali (elementi naturali, artistici, archeologici, climatici ed igienici) come pure con delle attrattive «derivate» (elementi artificiali, organizzazione alberghiera, fattori della politica turistica).

Since 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has swept the world, although the current situation is more under control. Because the development of the pandemic took place in the context of a digital society, where digital information and communication technologies (ICT) were already widely used, households certainly had to make greater use of this powerful communication tool, partly for work, and partly for distance learning purposes. It is likely that the increased use of ICT in the home, due to the lockdown, created an environment in which families were more united but also isolated and in conflict and this trend may still be present today.

This chapter is based on a study of ICT in the daily lives of Portuguese and Italian women, who lived in nuclear families, during and after the COVID pandemic. Through the testimonies of these women, therefore, we will discuss the results of the study to describe and understand how families used ICT during and after the pandemic. In particular, we are interested in answering the following questions: Did domestic spaces become more and more like work spaces due to the increased use of ICT due to the pandemic lockdown? Did distance learning, due to the lockdown, lead to an increase in ICT use by children/adolescents that is still perpetuated today?

Tengo el gran honor de dirigirles la palabra en nombre de la Asociación internacional de expertos científicos del turismo.

While the studies on the use of smart robots in the production, which is known as the Industry 4.0 revolution, continue rapidly, the competition race is in the right proportion with this and businesses that do not want to fall behind the age have to follow the developments in Industry 4.0 and adapt. This chapter examines the Industry 4.0 revolution and its effect on accounting. Incorrect information from one of the business departments affects the entire system. Especially in the accounting department, which records the financial movements of the business and reports the results of them, and which is effective in making decisions that affect the whole business based on these results, the use of smart systems helps to reduce human-made mistakes and the system to act faster while also the systems used in traditional accounting are abandoned. However, brain power is still required, which must analyze the results. While the revolution is still developing, there are a lot of theories about the future. The expected outcome of these is that with the revolution, the need for brain power to analyze system outputs will increase, even if the need for human labour in the industry decreases. In this context, especially those who perform the accounting profession must constantly renew themselves.