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This paper is part of Horizon 2050 series of papers. This paper aims to highlight the importance of stronger engagement with ethical philosophy in tourism. A number of potential research streams are identified.

The paper first introduces several theories of ethics. It then reviews the history of tourism’s engagement with ethics, especially within academia. Subsequently, several themes for the future of research on tourism ethics are discussed according to four scales: the tourist, tourism business, tourism destination and the tourism system.

At the individual tourist level, future research should focus on better understanding tourist (un)ethical behaviour by considering the hedonic and cross-cultural nature of tourism. At business level, motivations to be ethical, ethical corporate models should be studied. Endurance of tourist products that are deemed unethical needs further analysis. At destination level, further understanding of stakeholder relations, stakeholder values and dissemination of those values is required. Fair and just options to sustainably manage visitation merit further discussion. At tourism system level, a stronger engagement with political philosophies and more creative alternatives for the current global tourism system require exploration.

While several reviews of ethics of tourism research exist, this paper is oriented towards opportunities for future research. The paper does not intend to cover all current ethical debates; however, it provides a number of topics within the tourism ethics field that merit further exploration in hope to inspire new research.

本文是地平线 2050 系列论文的一部分。 它强调了在旅游业中加强参与道德哲学的重要性。 确定了许多潜在的研究方向。

文章首先介绍了伦理学的几种理论。 然后回顾了旅游业与道德的接触历史, 特别是在学术界。 随后, 从游客、旅游企业、旅游目的地和旅游系统四个层面讨论了旅游伦理研究未来的几个主题。

在个体游客层面, 未来的研究应侧重于考虑旅游的享乐性和跨文化性质, 更好地理解游客的（不）道德行为。 在商业层面, 应该研究道德的动机、道德的企业模式。 被认为不道德的旅游产品的耐久性需要进一步分析。 在目的地层面, 需要进一步了解利益相关者关系、利益相关者价值观以及这些价值观的传播。 可持续管理访问的公平公正的选择值得进一步讨论。 在旅游系统层面, 需要探索更深入地参与政治哲学, 并为当前的全球旅游系统提供更具创意的替代方案。

虽然存在一些关于旅游研究伦理的评论, 但本文面向未来研究的机会。 本文并不打算涵盖当前所有的伦理辩论, 但它提供了旅游伦理领域内的一些值得进一步探索的主题, 以期激发新的研究。

Este artículo forma parte de la serie de artículos Horizonte 2050. El estudio destaca la importancia de un mayor compromiso con la filosofía ética en el ámbito turístico. Se identifican una serie de posibles líneas de investigación.

En primer lugar, el artículo presenta varias teorías de la ética. Luego revisa la historia del compromiso del turismo con la ética, especialmente dentro del mundo académico. Posteriormente, se discuten varios temas para el futuro de la investigación sobre la ética turística según cuatro escalas: el turista, la empresa turística, el destino turístico y el sistema turístico.

A nivel de turista individual, las investigaciones futuras deberían centrarse en comprender mejor el comportamiento (no)ético de los turistas considerando la fundamentación hedónica e intercultural del turismo. A nivel empresarial se deben estudiar tanto las motivaciones para ser éticos, como los modelos corporativos éticos. Además, la perdurabilidad de productos turísticos que se consideran poco éticos necesita un análisis más profundo. A nivel de destino, se requiere una mayor comprensión de las relaciones con las partes interesadas, sus valores y la difusión de esos valores. Las opciones justas y equitativas para gestionar de forma sostenible las visitas merecen un debate más profundo. A nivel del sistema turístico, es necesario explorar un compromiso más fuerte con las filosofías políticas y alternativas más creativas para el actual sistema turístico global.

Si bien existen varias revisiones de la ética de la investigación en turismo, este artículo está orientado hacia oportunidades para futuras investigaciones. El artículo no pretende cubrir todos los debates éticos actuales, sin embargo, proporciona una serie de temas dentro del campo de la ética del turismo que merecen una mayor exploración con la esperanza de inspirar nuevas investigaciones.

This study aims to explore the relationship between Generation Z (or Gen Z) consumers’ decision-making styles and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) use in the tourism sector. Drawing on the consumer style inventory (CSI) model and the theory of reasoned action (TRA), the research examines how specific decision-making styles influence Gen Z’s propensity to use eWOM recommendations for accommodation choices.

The study uses structural equation modelling to analyse data collected from 296 Gen Z users of Booking.com. The CSI model is adapted to the analysed context and attributes – impulsive, recreational, sustainable, fashion-conscious and perfectionist attitudes – are examined to determine their impact on eWOM use intention and actual eWOM use.

Three of the hypothesised relationships in the model were validated. Specifically, the results suggest that the attitudes of sustainable and perfectionist consumers influence the intention to use eWOM. Furthermore, use intention is positively associated with the actual use of eWOM.

For marketers and tourism businesses, understanding the decision-making styles of Gen Z can inform the development of targeted marketing strategies that emphasise quality and sustainability. Highlighting these aspects in online reviews and eWOM platforms can enhance engagement with Gen Z consumers.

This research advances the understanding of eWOM behaviour by integrating CSI and TRA theories in the context of Gen Z’s tourism decision-making. It provides empirical evidence on the significant role of perfectionist and sustainable attitudes in shaping eWOM intentions, contributing to the literature on consumer behaviour and digital marketing in tourism.

This paper aims to evaluate the career patterns and global mobility trajectories of hospitality and tourism graduates that are relevant for global knowledge and local talent management.

This study maps and assesses the public profiles of over 2,000 hospitality and tourism graduates from five institutions each from a different territory using a popular online professional network.

The findings highlight a network of worldwide mobility from hospitality and tourism graduates of the five institutions. The findings also suggest five different types of mobility trajectories (i.e. stateside, intra-regional, continental, inter-regional and global) and career patterns (i.e. rooted, prospector, seeker, two-homes and wanderer).

Geographical mobility of graduates in tourism and hospitality is one of the less studied phenomena; however, it is important to understand due to growing concerns regarding globalization of the workplace and internationalization of education.

This study provides insights into how knowledge transfer and talent management could be impacted by the global graduate movements.

This is one of the first studies to date to combine mobility trajectories with a classification of career patterns to provide implications relevant for global knowledge and local talent management.

Crisis communication is an essential component of crisis management in hospitality and tourism. Yet few studies have offered a clear impression of the state of knowledge in this area. As one of the early conceptual attempts, this study aims to contribute to the existing knowledge by analyzing, comparing and synthesizing the literature in crisis communication and hospitality and tourism research. This study also proposes a transactional and dynamic crisis communication model that lays the conceptual foundation for future research.

This study was guided by a theory synthesis approach and analyzed the related literature. More specifically, this study conducted a rapid review of the general crisis communication research and a conventional, systematic review of crisis communication research in hospitality and tourism. Based on the review findings, this study further develops a transactive and dynamic crisis communication model in hospitality and tourism, which is fundamental for future studies in this area.

The findings of this study are presented through a literature review of general crisis communication research and crisis communication research in hospitality and tourism and the development of a transactive and dynamic crisis communication model in hospitality and tourism.

This study reviews the literature and develops an integrated model for crisis communication in hospitality and tourism. The findings of this study lay the conceptual foundation for crisis communication in hospitality and tourism and reveal future research venues.

By offering a state-of-the-art review and developing an integrated conceptual model, the findings of this study can help bridge the gaps between academics and practices as well as serve as references for practitioners to identify and develop effective crisis responses.

This paper represents an early effort to review crisis communication research in hospitality and tourism and conceptualize the subject area through an integrated model. The findings of this study contribute to the further conceptual development of crisis communication in hospitality and tourism.

Over the past two decades, tourism in Zimbabwe was affected by the political and economic situation resulting from bad publicity. As a result, most ecotourism establishments under the CAMPFIRE program collapsed. Of the ecotourism establishments that survived, the revenues are decreasing such that incomes accruing to the communities have become insufficiently low. Hence, it became difficult to persuade the individuals to work collectively towards conserving and preserving the natural heritage. Ngomakurira Hills (a heritage site) was used as a case study for this particular chapter. The study used a qualitative methodology including observation, and literature review to enable the researcher to obtain the required information. Results of the study reveal that the community feels there has been a divergence from the original goals of the project which were community involvement, employment creation, improvement in income and standards of living. None of these goals were achieved, most of the respondents highlighted there has not been a change brought about by the project. The major factors affecting the potential for sustainable ecotourism at Ngomakurira were political and economic instability, lack of effective marketing and promotion, limited financial and human resources, corruption, lack of transparency, insufficient collaboration between the community, private and public sectors. The study recommends the development of an ecotourism model meant to ensure equitable distribution of ecotourism benefits, sustainable community support for the project by enhancing trans-generational preservation of natural and cultural resources.

Previous research has explored a relatively narrow representation of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual and queer (LGBTQ) community. Yet modern event attendees are part of a diverse niche group within the broader LGBTQ community. This group comprises a wide range of event attendees in search of more than sex, clubs and feather boas. This paper aims to report on empirical research conducted in Queenstown, New Zealand, during the 2016 Gay Ski Week (GSW) and explores the transformative, inclusive potential of event places, social atmospheres and experiences.

Ethnographic and autoethnographic research methods were used in this study for the exploration of transformative tourism experiences. Qualitative data were collected via in-depth interviews, observations and one of the author’s immersive experiences of the event. This author was able to bridge the divide between research and participant, contributing to a contextualised understanding of various participants’ subjective realities.

The paper reports on and discusses empirical findings, which are organised under the meta-themes of place and social atmosphere, attendee experiences, acceptance and inclusivity.

From these themes emerge a broader understanding of how LGBTQ tourism events can contribute to transformative, inclusive experiences.

This paper explores the need for event managers to revisit and adapt to the demographic, motivational and behavioural characteristics of the modern gay event attendee. In particular, this paper discovers the motivations of Asian gay attendees as a marginalised community within a traditional LGBTQ event in a traditional heterosexual destination.

This paper aims to identify key challenges and opportunities for tourist destinations in 2030.

This paper is a discussion of literature on tourism futures and analysis of trends.

That it is impractical to accurately make forecasts in terms of numbers, given external forces of change; the need to evaluate possibilities and opportunities likely to develop; tackling key issues such as climate change, political disturbance and overtourism.

This paper provides clarification of potential issues and problems and possible mitigating measures.

The paper provides insights based on expert reading of the present.

With the recent increasing relevance of sustainability, multinational enterprises are faced with divergent stakeholder demands and persistently shifting priorities. This study aims to examine stakeholders’ perceptions of the sustainability performance of a gold mining subsidiary in Ghana.

Using a purposive sampling technique, the authors interviewed managers and employees of the case enterprise, officials of regulatory institutions and host community members on their perceptions of the case enterprise’s sustainability performance. The authors triangulated the opinions expressed by these stakeholders with data from annual reports. The data were analysed through the lens of stakeholder theory.

The authors found that while members of the host community and the regulatory institutions were keenly interested in the case enterprise’s social and environmental activities, they perceived their performance as unimpressive, considering the economic benefits derived from the mining operations. On the contrary, the managers and employees of the case enterprise were satisfied with their environmental compliance and social intervention programmes, even though the company’s economic position had declined. The authors submit that the variations in the sustainability performance perceptions among the stakeholders are due to the lack of a deeper understanding of the other stakeholders’ expectations.

To equitably satisfy diverse stakeholder expectations, the study highlights the role of stakeholder collaborations in understanding the expectations of more salient stakeholder groups such as community members and employees, as well as the lesser salient groups such as academics. It also demonstrates the fluidity of sustainability and its benefits in designing a consensual sustainable management strategy. This implies that managers of the case mining enterprise make the necessary efforts to meet the diverse stakeholder needs while attaining their primary objective of creating wealth for shareholders.

Compared to advanced economies, studies on sustainability performance in emerging economies are limited. Nonetheless, these limited studies leave out stakeholder perceptions, focusing more on quantitative performance indicators. Using thematic and content analyses, the authors investigate stakeholder perceptions on the sustainability performance of a case mining subsidiary operating in Ghana. The study focused on Ghana because it is ranked with South Africa as the top two producers of gold in Africa. Nonetheless, unlike South Africa, Ghana faces more sustainability challenges from the mining sector due to weak institutions in enforcing sustainability standards.