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I. Rapport de synthèse de André Guignand, Paris Après les souhaits de bienvenue par les représentants des Autorités autrichiennes nationales, régionales et locales qui nous ont si aimablement accueillis, le Président W. Hunziker lance le Congrès en appelant à une concentration des esprits sur ce sujet d'actualité qu'on appelle le Marketing.

Who are those principally engaged in marketing any commodity? They are the specialists in market research, in publicity, in public relations, in sales and in physical distribution and they have this in common: that they communicate with the consumer. Their role is two‐fold, before and after production.

This is a period of great change in the travel world. The revolution in the technique of transport, the development of road travel, particularly the private car, the development of aviation together with rising standards of living and leisure time, and the demand for greater mobility and better communication, have led to mass movement across international frontiers. Many of these frontiers do not represent a natural geographic division and in some densely populated areas the daily movement through frontier points is considerable. Whereas formerly the statistics produced as a by‐product of control systems which were based on a full census of travel were satisfactory, this is no longer the case in many areas today. In certain areas of course the limited amount of traffic or the geography of the region still permits the operation of such systems, whether for control or statistical purposes.

The “New Paradigm” of disability and the International Classification of Function Disability and Health both describe an ecological model of disability that has significantly influenced policy and law, and this model is frequently cited as a background in published research. Given the central role of “the environment” in this ecological model, we asked, what is the status of research on the environment and disability? Specifically, is a scoping review warranted in this area of research?

We conducted a “rapid scan” of the National Rehabilitation Information Center (NARIC) database for articles reporting studies of the environment – defined as the arranged or built environment. We also scanned Google Scholar to ascertain the frequency of articles that might report research into the environment.

NARIC archived 12,486 items published from January 2007 to June 2012; 530 (4.2%) of which contained the search term “environment.” Of the 530 items, 78 (14.7%) also included the terms architecture space, accessibility, and ICF. Over the same time period, Google Scholar returned 109,000 entries to search terms “disability and environment,” 349 (0.3%) of which also included the terms architecture space, accessibility, and ICF.

This application of a method for rapidly assessing the status of the literature suggests that research into some aspects of the environment and disability may be under-represented. A more complete review, requiring more resources, is warranted.

«Accusée, levez‐vous…». Il n'est pas facile de prendre la défense de la statistique traditionnelle du tourisme, souvent et partout mise au banc d'accusation. Ne reproche‐t‐on pas à la méthode appliquée jusqu'ici d'être incomplète, partiale, compliquée, inapte à la comparaison internationale, voire naïve? D'aucuns font sonner le glas à la statistique existante en la situant dans une époque révolue du tourisme dont la forme actuelle, caractérisée à la fois par son ampleur et sa mobilité, demandera d'autres mesures des flux touristiques.

Der Tourismus ist ein derart buntschillernder, wandel‐ und wankelmütiger Luftibus, ein Felix Krull, ein Lumpazivagabundus oder lieber Augustin, dass es dem Laien als schade erscheint, ihn als Objekt wissenschaftlichen Tiefsinns oder gar der Vivisektion einzufangen, dem wissenschaftlich hemmungslosen Experten des Fremdenverkehrs aber äusserst schwierig ist, ihn quantifizierend und messend anzugehen. Nachdem aber die Luft selber schon längst ernsthafter Gegenstand mehrer wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen geworden ist, dürfte der Fall nicht hoffnungslos sein. Scherz beiseite! Mit meinem Diskussionsbeitrag, zu dem ich eingeladen wurde, vermag ich nur einige Wege anzudeuten, auf denen man sich der Thematik des diesjährigen AIEST‐Kongresses von soziologischen Gesichtswinkeln aus nähern kann.

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the nonlinear dynamical behaviour of a buck‐based power‐switching amplifier controlled by fixed frequency and pulse width modulation with a proportional‐integral compensator. The system has two forcing frequencies and one natural frequency and therefore it is characterized by three different scales of time. When the frequencies are far one from the other, quasi‐static approximation can be used. However, as the switching and the modulating frequencies become closer, this approximation is not valid and the results based on it lead to erroneous conclusions about the dynamics of the system.

A discrete time approach is used to reveal the interesting nonlinear phenomena that the system can exhibit. From numerical simulations using the switched model, it is shown that the system can present period‐doubling bifurcation at the fast scale (switching frequency).

An exact solution discrete‐time model is derived, able to predict accurately the nonlinear dynamical behaviour of the system.

The discrete time model is obtained without making quasi‐static approximation. The exact switched model is used to validate the discrete‐time model obtained. Finally, the effect of the switching frequency instabilities on the output voltage spectrum has been explored.

The academic background of tourism marketing dates back to the 1960s. There had been a slight increase in its capacity until the early 1990s. However, since then, it has boomed, reaching thousands of scientific journal articles and tens of scientific books published only in English each year. Therefore, this study aims to present how tourism marketing has progressed academically within the past 60 years over four waves and how this progress may move forward as the next wave.

A bibliometric analysis grounds this study, which characterizes the past and present of tourism marketing research and anticipates the future. Content analysis, such as word clouds and social network analysis, was adopted to identify topic clusters and their connections. A total of 9,239 articles published between 1969 and 2024 were extracted from Scopus. Software packages such as VOSviewer were used to determine connections within topics.

The authors have assessed the findings broadly. Four waves were from the late 1960s to the first quarter of 2000. In spite of the limited size of papers at the early stage, the last wave saw a boom and a diversified number and category of subjects studied. In each wave, new subjects were added to broaden the picture.

The discussion of findings is based only on those scientific papers published in English since 1969 but excludes the whole list of textbooks. Subsequent research should also consider all papers and textbooks released in different languages to have the broadest picture assessment worldwide.

The study conveys various suggestions for industry practitioners and policymakers to focus on carefully assessing trends in marketing tourism services and how these may be shaped shortly. This may help practitioners and policymakers redesign their services and marketing strategies in light of future developments.

This study continues a recent study published by Kozak (2023) that has been elaborated, particularly from the industry perspective. The current study examines the academic profile of all subjects investigated in the case of tourism marketing, but mainly in an academic sense. Accordingly, this paper outlines the facts and trends researchers may follow throughout the research frame published in the past six decades.

旅游营销的学术背景可以追溯到20世纪60年代。在20世纪90年代初之前, 旅游营销的研究能力有所提升, 但增幅有限。然而, 自那时起, 旅游营销领域迅速发展, 每年仅用英文发表的期刊文章已达到数千篇, 出版的书籍也达到了数十本。因此, 本研究旨在展示过去60年内旅游营销研究在学术上的发展历程, 分为四个浪潮, 并探讨未来可能出现的下一个发展浪潮。

本研究以文献计量分析为基础, 描述了旅游营销研究的过去和现在, 并预测了未来的发展。采用内容分析方法, 如词云和社交网络分析, 确定了主题集群及其相互联系。从Scopus数据库中提取了1969年至2024年间发表的9,239篇文章, 并使用VOSviewer等软件包确定了主题之间的联系。

我们对研究结果进行了广泛的评估。从20世纪60年代末到2000年的第一季度, 共出现了四个浪潮。尽管早期阶段的论文数量有限, 但在最后一个浪潮中, 研究主题的数量和类别均呈现出爆炸式增长。在每个浪潮中, 均有新的研究主题被引入, 使得研究广度得以拓宽。

本研究的讨论结果仅基于自1969年以来用英文发表的科学论文, 不包括书籍。后续研究应考虑不同语言发布的所有论文和书籍, 以获得全球范围内最广泛的评估图景。

对行业从业者和政策制定者的建议集中在审慎评估旅游服务营销趋势及其未来可能的变化上。这可能有助于从业者和政策制定者在未来发展背景下重新设计其服务和营销策略。

本研究延续了Kozak（2023）最近发表的以行业视角为主的研究, 从学术角度全面考察了旅游营销领域内所有被研究主题的学术轮廓。具体而言, 本论文概述了过去六十年间已发表研究框架中的事实和趋势, 为研究人员提供可遵循的指导。

Los antecedentes académicos del marketing turístico se remontan a la década de 1960. Hasta principios de la década de 1990 se produjo un ligero aumento de su capacidad. Sin embargo, desde entonces ha experimentado un gran auge, alcanzando miles de artículos de revistas y decenas de libros publicados solo en inglés cada año. Por lo tanto, este estudio pretende presentar cómo ha progresado académicamente el marketing turístico en los últimos 60 años, a lo largo de cuatro oleadas, y cómo este progreso puede avanzar como la siguiente oleada en el futuro.

Un análisis bibliométrico fundamenta este estudio, en el que se caracteriza el pasado y el presente de la investigación en marketing turístico y se anticipa el futuro. Para identificar los grupos temáticos y sus conexiones se adoptaron análisis de contenido, como nubes de palabras y análisis de redes sociales. De Scopus se extrajeron nueve mil doscientos treinta y nueve artículos publicados entre 1969 y 2024. Se utilizaron paquetes de software, como VOSviewer, para determinar las conexiones dentro de los temas.

Hemos evaluado los resultados a grandes rasgos. Hubo cuatro oleadas, desde finales de los años sesenta hasta el primer trimestre de 2000. A pesar del limitado número de trabajos de las primeras oleadas, en la última se produjo un auge y una diversificación del número y la categoría de los temas estudiados. En cada oleada se añadieron nuevos temas para ampliar el panorama.

El análisis de los resultados se basa únicamente en los artículos científicos publicados en inglés desde 1969, pero excluye toda la lista de libros de texto. En futuras investigaciones deberían incluirse todos los artículos y libros de texto publicados en otros idiomas para ofrecer un panorama lo más amplio posible a nivel mundial.

Las recomendaciones para los profesionales del sector y los responsables políticos se centran en evaluar con detenimiento las tendencias en la comercialización de los servicios turísticos y en cómo pueden evolucionar en un futuro próximo. Esto puede ayudar a los profesionales y a los responsables políticos a rediseñar sus servicios y estrategias de marketing teniendo en cuenta la evolución futura.

Este estudio se basa en uno anterior, publicado recientemente por Kozak (2023), que se desarrolló específicamente desde la perspectiva de la industria. El presente estudio examina el perfil académico de todos los sujetos estudiados en el caso del marketing turístico, pero principalmente desde una perspectiva académica. En consecuencia, en este trabajo se esbozan los hechos y tendencias que los investigadores pueden seguir a lo largo del marco de investigación publicado en las últimas seis décadas.

The purpose of this study is to report the findings of a benchmarking exercise among official tourism websites of five Southeast Asian countries. website benchmarking, namely, a strategy used to evaluate and compare website quality, has been widely used within the context of tourism studies. Yet there is a relative lack of information concerning best practices for official tourism websites as a form of promoting rural tourism and sustainability.

By using a qualitative approach, a group of six tourism researchers were invited to evaluate official tourism websites of Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines for user-friendliness, site attractiveness, marketing attractiveness and provision of information on rural tourism and sustainability.

Overall, the evaluations provided by the researchers indicated that in general, the Indonesian and Malaysian websites were always perceived as the best options compared to the Thai, Philippine and Vietnamese online platforms, mainly due to their visual appeal. However, this study also highlighted that the information about rural tourism products in all the websites evaluated was regarded as being very limited. Furthermore, the variety and diversity of respondents’ opinions showed that subjective components played a role in the interpretation of the websites.

Based on the findings of this study, three main recommendations have been suggested to assist tourism websites’ designers to design more impactful websites.

The novelty of this study lies in the consideration of websites as interactional and dialectical narratives whose meanings are produced, negotiated or challenged by the users.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the precarious nature of creative industries (CIs) work in Australia, Canada and the Netherlands, with a focus on job security, initial and on-going training and education, and access to benefits and protection.

The paper reports from a largely qualitative study featuring an in-depth survey answered by 752 creative workers in the three locations.

Survey data identified common themes including an increase in non-standard forms of employment and the persistence of precarious work across the career lifespan; criticism of initial education and training with particular reference to business skills; the need for and challenges of life-long professional learning; and lack of awareness about and access to benefits and protection. Respondents also reported multiple roles across and beyond the CIs.

The presence of common themes suggests avenues for future, targeted creative workforce research and signals the need for change and action by CIs educators, policy makers and representative organizations such as trade unions.

While precarious labour is common across the CIs and has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide, a lack of comparative studies has made it difficult to identify themes or issues that are common across multiple locations.