A model for impact ionisation allowing for the spatial transient is described. Ionisation rates and phonon scattering rates are adjusted to fit experimental data. To reduce some…
Abstract
A model for impact ionisation allowing for the spatial transient is described. Ionisation rates and phonon scattering rates are adjusted to fit experimental data. To reduce some of the uncertainty, the calculated ionisation rates due to Kane are used.
For contemporary American young adults (aged 18–29), coresidence with parents is now the most common living arrangement. Recent research on residential transitions out of and back…
Abstract
For contemporary American young adults (aged 18–29), coresidence with parents is now the most common living arrangement. Recent research on residential transitions out of and back into the parental home shows that residential independence is still common, meaning that many young adults coreside with parents after first leaving the nest. The timing of residential independence and subsequent coresidence is often tied to other life-course outcomes, such as relationships and employment, as well as characteristics of the family context, such as family structure and financial resources. A small body of research also demonstrates that residential transitions are common following criminal justice contact experiences such as arrests and periods of incarceration. While this association does not appear to be explained by the family context, the current study argues there are several reasons to anticipate heterogeneity in coresidence patterns based on the childhood family context. Drawing on data from the 1997 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I find that criminal justice contact is associated with coresidence with parents during young adulthood in a fairly consistent manner across different dimensions of family context (although parental education may play a role). These findings demonstrate the power of the criminal justice system in directing or redirecting residential trajectories and have implications for both individuals with contact and their families.
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THE work described in this paper was undertaken to investigate the behaviour of a magnesium alloy beam clastically and plastically deformed by a uniform bending moment at room…
Abstract
THE work described in this paper was undertaken to investigate the behaviour of a magnesium alloy beam clastically and plastically deformed by a uniform bending moment at room temperature. The object of the work was to obtain relations between stresses and strains in the beam, to afford a basis for design, in cases where it is required to submit magnesium alloy structures to bending stresses exceeding the elastic limit.
Carol Reynolds Geary and Jeffrey Ordway
In this chapter, we consider collaborative models of engaged research in comparison to models of team science that include persons with lived experience of the topic area as team…
Abstract
In this chapter, we consider collaborative models of engaged research in comparison to models of team science that include persons with lived experience of the topic area as team members. ‘Co-led’, ‘co-design’ and ‘co-research’ are all terms used in the literature with distinct, but not precise, definitions and approaches. These collaborative models tend to describe methods that allow those with lived experience to be treated differently than other academic members of the research team. Power imbalances between those with lived experiences and researchers persist in such models, in spite of researcher efforts. For example, persons with lived experience are often described as being compensated with gift cards which may be welcomed but can be perceived as diminishing their role and contribution. In contrast, participatory team science involves persons with lived experience as full members of the research team. In the model that we propose, power is balanced through mutual planning and consensus-based decision-making. We contend that using participatory team science advances research through egalitarian consideration of team members' perspectives of the research problem and the designs necessary to knowledge development.
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The paper reports experiments carried out on beams in pure bending. The material used was a cast magnesium alloy AZ855. The beam sections were rectangular, circular, I‐section…
Abstract
The paper reports experiments carried out on beams in pure bending. The material used was a cast magnesium alloy AZ855. The beam sections were rectangular, circular, I‐section, T‐scction and diamond. One series of tests was carried out up to 1 per cent fibre strain. A second series of tests was carried out up to fracture. Tension and compression tests were also made on the material. The experimental results show conclusively that the usual theory of plastic bending is correct and that the tension‐compression stress‐strain curve of the material may be used to determine the bending moment‐curvature relationships, etc., for a beam. Measurements of neutral axis shift also confirm the predictions of plastic bending theory.
Arawati Agus, Sunita Barker and Jay Kandampully
The paper seeks to obtain a better understanding of the extent to which service quality permeates within the Malaysian public service sector by drawing on management and customer…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper seeks to obtain a better understanding of the extent to which service quality permeates within the Malaysian public service sector by drawing on management and customer perceptions of service quality.
Design/methodology/approach
Two separate surveys were distributed to managers and customers across 86 branches of a public sector department within the Malaysian Ministry. The manager survey comprised instruments relating to organisational service performance, while the customer survey contained instruments relating to service quality and customer satisfaction. A total of 430 manager and customer surveys were completed, representing a 95 percent response rate.
Findings
The results support the conceptual model in demonstrating a strong correlation between service quality dimensions, service performance and customer satisfaction. In particular, service providers classified as “excellent” were rated most favourably in terms of responsiveness, access and credibility.
Research limitations/implications
The generalisability of the results is limited by the absence of the employees' perception of service quality.
Practical implications
This research adds to the body of knowledge relating to public service quality management.
Originality/value
The originality of this paper lies within the context in which this study took place. The study addresses key relationships between service dimensions, service performance and service quality within the Malaysian public service sector. Although previous research has addressed similar issues within the context of the public sector, relatively few studies pertain directly to Malaysian public services.
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The near isotropic approximation to the Boltzmann equation in the presence of a constant electric field is considered, with collision integral appropriate to hot electron…
Abstract
The near isotropic approximation to the Boltzmann equation in the presence of a constant electric field is considered, with collision integral appropriate to hot electron transport in a parabolic band homogenous semiconductor. A parabolic equation for the symmetric part of the distribution function is obtained and its analytical solutions are investigated. By a choice of energy variables as canonical coordinates, the equation is reduced to a separable form which may be solved in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions. These solutions are not compatible with the type of boundary conditions required for the semiconductor problem when expressed in terms of the energy variables. However, when the original space and velocity variables are used, boundary conditions appropriate to a semi‐infinite semiconductor may be accommodated.
Urban Fransson and Matias Eklöf
Concerning migration on a national level, two phenomena emerge: people migrating from one region to another and people moving from the countryside to the cities. The geographical…
Abstract
Concerning migration on a national level, two phenomena emerge: people migrating from one region to another and people moving from the countryside to the cities. The geographical shift of the population between regions in a country is a slow process. In Sweden, only a few percent of the population migrate yearly. Nevertheless, migration has caused and still causes considerable redistribution of the population toward the metropolitan regions in Sweden. This section will emphasize general trends in population concentration through urbanization and migration in Sweden and compare these trends with changes in other countries.
Recently the concept of best value has emerged and with it a number of priorities for public service managers. These include elements such as: a focus on the customer and citizen…
Abstract
Recently the concept of best value has emerged and with it a number of priorities for public service managers. These include elements such as: a focus on the customer and citizen, sound strategic management and sound operational management. This paper focuses on a strategic approach to best value involving measurement of customer perceived service quality, operational planning using ranked priorities and a framework for continuous improvement. An illustrative case example of best practice demonstrates the use of three appropriate techniques, which are: Servqual to measure customer expectations and preceptions; Quality function deployment (QFD) to determine operational service delivery priorities; and the Business Excellence model for the corporate framework to ensure continuous improvement and monitoring. The case involves a pioneering local authority in the UK which is presently defining a template for best value implementation. This will help provide the way forward for other local authorities. It demonstrates the importance of senior management commitment to change and a determination to bring about improvement in management practice using relevant and valid academic techniques.
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Shannon Wagner, Nicole White, Lynda R. Matthews, Christine Randall, Cheryl Regehr, Marc White, Lynn E. Alden, Nicholas Buys, Mary G. Carey, Wayne Corneil, Trina Fyfe, Elyssa Krutop, Alex Fraess-Phillips and Matthew H. Fleischmann
The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the extant literature on depression and anxiety disorders in police using a multinational data set to determine whether the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the extant literature on depression and anxiety disorders in police using a multinational data set to determine whether the prevalence of these trauma-related disorders (TRMDs) is elevated in comparison to the general population.
Design/methodology/approach
Systematic review was employed in combination with best-evidence narrative synthesis to evaluate these hypotheses.
Findings
Despite wide variability in prevalence outcomes across the literature, strong evidence supports the hypothesis that the prevalence of depression is elevated in police, whereas moderate evidence supports the same hypothesis regarding anxiety. Preliminary evaluation of commonly examined predictive factors for each disorder demonstrated weak and inconsistent associations between these TRMDs and sociodemographic factors. No studies evaluated the relationship between incident-related factors (e.g. severity or frequency of exposure) and TRMDs, thus, at present, the literature on police is almost entirely unable to address the question of whether the prevalence of these disorders in police is influenced by exposure to work-related trauma.
Research limitations/implications
The findings highlight a critical need for future work to address incident-related factors in predicting symptoms of depression and anxiety in police samples to determine whether these disorders bear a unique relationship to work-related traumatic exposure. Such work will significantly benefit the design and implementation of successful prevention and intervention strategies in the workplace.
Originality/value
The present review provides a comprehensive synthesis of a highly variable literature, highlighting critical gaps in our current knowledge of TRMDs in police and suggesting numerous avenues for future study.