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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1999

Christian Janssen and Zan Yang

An appraisal by an accredited appraiser is often necessary before a proposed development can receive a commitment for financing from a financial institution. Such pre‐construction…

919

Abstract

An appraisal by an accredited appraiser is often necessary before a proposed development can receive a commitment for financing from a financial institution. Such pre‐construction appraisals are often more difficult to complete than those where the subject property is already developed and accessible for inspection. In this article we are performing a valuation of a proposed townhouse complex prior to its construction. Hedonic estimation is used to estimate the market value of the proposed development. The estimated value of the complex as a whole, and of the individual units, is compared to the prices obtained as the townhouses were built and sold. Insights with respect to the feasibility of the approach for the estimation of the gross retail value of proposed developments are discussed.

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Journal of Property Investment & Finance, vol. 17 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-578X

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2003

Christian T.L. Janssen

Income multipliers are commonly used in the valuation of income streams. All income dollars, however, are not alike, and investors make distinctions based on the nature and source…

1593

Abstract

Income multipliers are commonly used in the valuation of income streams. All income dollars, however, are not alike, and investors make distinctions based on the nature and source of the income. The income multiplier is adjusted for the characteristics of the investment. The present study deals with major apartment buildings and concerns the estimation of income multipliers from market observations. Regression analysis is used to estimate the gross and net income multipliers, as well as adjustments for differences in property features, zoning aspects, and economic conditions. The multipliers are then used in the valuation of two subject properties. An important issue is reconciling the estimates when the two multipliers lead to somewhat different values. The sample consists of high‐rise buildings in the West End area of downtown Vancouver, Canada, but the approach is general and widely applicable.

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Property Management, vol. 21 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-7472

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2001

Christian Janssen, Bo Söderberg and Julie Zhou

Real estate market data often contain outliers in the observations. Since outliers have a large influence on least squares estimates, robust regression methods have been…

2118

Abstract

Real estate market data often contain outliers in the observations. Since outliers have a large influence on least squares estimates, robust regression methods have been recommended for this situation. Compares the performance of least squares and least median of squares, a robust method, in the estimation of price/income relationships for apartment buildings. Multiplicative models with multiplicative errors are estimated by means of natural log transformations. The study confirms the importance of employing robust methods for this application and implies this may well be so for real estate data sets more generally.

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Journal of Property Investment & Finance, vol. 19 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-578X

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Article
Publication date: 27 September 2011

Gunnar Dahlberg, Christian Janssen and Julie Zhou

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether buyers and sellers appears to take distance to the capital business district (CBD) into account in their valuation for acquisition…

439

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether buyers and sellers appears to take distance to the capital business district (CBD) into account in their valuation for acquisition or disposition.

Design/methodology/approach

Under a mono‐centric model conceptualization, applicable to the central area of many European cities, location can be represented by distance to the city center. The effect of several distance measures on selling price is investigated for income properties with mixed residential and commercial components – geometric distances, driving distance and time, and time by subway. Exponential and multiplicative models are considered and estimated using a robust estimation method.

Findings

The findings indicate the mono‐centric model to be a useful conceptualization, that buyers and sellers of income properties do take distance into account, and that a number of buildings operate under a suboptimal split between residential and commercial components.

Research limitations/implications

In social science even when a model shows good statistical fit, one will not know if it is correct, but only that it represents observed relationships well. Several models, however, may fit the data. The authors chose ones used by other researchers in similar investigations in past decades. Variable definition and measurement are always issues. In the present case “time by subway” is a mix of walking‐waiting‐riding and minutes in each activity would not be equivalent, involving inter‐personal comparisons of utility. The variable “effective age” based upon the assessment concept of “value year” may not fully capture age‐related effects on price.

Practical implications

The key implications are that the multiplicative model may well be a suitable functional form for these types of analyses and that robust methods are important to prevent outliers in the data from having an undue influence on the estimation.

Originality/value

The authors used robust estimation methods for the price models. The authors defined and studied a sub‐optimality ratio of residential area to commercial area in the mixed use buildings.

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1987

Charles D. Skok

When the Catholic bishops of the United States prepared the first draft of their pastoral letter on the US economy, they deliberately kept its contents confidential until after…

56

Abstract

When the Catholic bishops of the United States prepared the first draft of their pastoral letter on the US economy, they deliberately kept its contents confidential until after the presidential election of that year. They did not want it to intrude upon the campaign then under way. It was not made public until 11 November, 1984. The Lay Commission, chaired by William E. Simon, issued its document, Toward the Future: Catholic Social Thought and the US Economy, before the bishops' first draft but also after the presidential election. It was not a response to the bishops' then unseen document but an advisory counter‐proposal from a different perspective. The Lay Commission presumed that the two documents would be different certainly in the area of policy recommendations and in the evaluation of the performance of the American economy; they probably anticipated differences also in the understanding of Christian and Catholic tradition and principles. They were not wrong.

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International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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Article
Publication date: 31 May 2021

Tobias Kreuter, Christian Kalla, Luiz Felipe Scavarda, Antônio Márcio Tavares Thomé and Bernd Hellingrath

This paper provides a five-step Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) approach to systematically guide the development and implementation of contextualised Sales and Operations…

1003

Abstract

Purpose

This paper provides a five-step Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) approach to systematically guide the development and implementation of contextualised Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) designs.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study is conducted at a European chemical manufacturer. The research applies the five-step approach, embracing the descriptive and prescriptive EAM functions combined with the lens of contingency theory.

Findings

The research findings demonstrate the suitability of the proposed EAM approach for the contextualisation of S&OP designs from a contingency theory perspective. Its descriptive EAM function serves to assess context-specific S&OP challenges and enables to analyse the contextual fit of S&OP designs. Its prescriptive EAM function guides the development and implementation of context-specific S&OP designs towards increasing the S&OP effectiveness. EAM's integrated view onto people, process and information technology served to analyse current practices on the dynamics of S&OP contextualisation in innovation- and quality-driven contexts. Thereby, the paper contributes to a better S&OP contingency understanding.

Practical implications

The EAM approach offered in this paper provides a concrete and practically applicable guidance to support managers to face their context-specific challenges and guide the contextualisation of their S&OP designs to increase the S&OP effectiveness. Moreover, practitioners can improve their understanding regarding the need for S&OP design adjustments to reflect changes in their companies' contingencies.

Originality/value

The research introduces a novel EAM approach for S&OP contextualisation, particularly reflecting contingency theory's dynamic view of structural adjustments to regain fit (SARFIT).

Details

International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol. 51 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0960-0035

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Book part
Publication date: 16 June 2017

Hayley E. Christian, Gavin R. McCormack, Kelly R. Evenson and Clover Maitland

This chapter aims to review evidence of the relationships between dog ownership, dog walking and overall walking and the factors associated with dog walking. It reviews the…

Abstract

This chapter aims to review evidence of the relationships between dog ownership, dog walking and overall walking and the factors associated with dog walking. It reviews the evidence using a social ecological framework. The chapter finds that dog ownership and dog walking are associated with higher levels of walking. A number of social ecological factors are associated with dog walking. Motivation and social support provided by the dog to walk and a sense of responsibility to walk the dog are associated with higher levels of dog walking. Positive social pressure from family, friends, dog owners and veterinarians is also associated with higher levels of dog walking. Built and policy environmental characteristics influence dog walking, including dog-specific factors such as access to local attractive public open space with dog-supportive features (off-leash, dog waste bags, trash cans, signage), pet-friendly destinations (cafes, transit, workplaces, accommodation) and local laws that support dog walking. Large-scale intervention studies are required to determine the effect of increased dog walking on overall walking levels. Experimental study designs, such as natural and quasi-experiments, are needed to provide stronger evidence for causal associations between the built and policy environments and dog walking. Given the potential of dog walking to increase population-levels of walking, urban, park and recreational planners need to design neighbourhood environments that are supportive of dog walking and other physical activity. Advocacy for dog walking policy-relevant initiatives are needed to support dog walking friendly environments. Health promotion practitioners should make dog walking a key strategy in social marketing campaigns.

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Article
Publication date: 16 August 2019

Marcus Fischer, Florian Imgrund, Christian Janiesch and Axel Winkelmann

Digital transformation has been changing the economic environment of enterprises in recent years. To remain competitive, they rely on an extensible software architecture, flexible…

766

Abstract

Purpose

Digital transformation has been changing the economic environment of enterprises in recent years. To remain competitive, they rely on an extensible software architecture, flexible workflow execution, and automated decision management. The concepts of service-oriented architectures (SOA), business process management (BPM), and business rules management (BRM) provide an adequate, yet isolated means of addressing many of these requirements. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adapts from established research frameworks to structure the current state of research on the integration of SOA, BPM and BRM. The authors highlight the current research scope, point to disregarded topics and sketch out multidisciplinary research approaches.

Findings

While the three concepts are often discussed only in isolation or pairwise, approaches that integrate them are scarce. Against this backdrop, this study defines three types of research opportunities and identifies several directions for future research that should be explored from a technological as well as organizational perspective. Given the breadth of open questions, the authors present sources for each area of our research framework, which can serve as starting points for future investigations.

Practical implications

Except for well-established support for separate tasks and technologies, there is a lack of integrated standards, methods and platforms, which for example enable integrated decision-making across BPM and SOA.

Originality/value

Our contribution builds on established frameworks and clearly shows that the discussion on the integration of SOA, BPM and BRM cannot yet be regarded as sufficient. The research agenda highlights which areas explicitly benefit from a more precise consideration.

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Book part
Publication date: 28 August 2023

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Social Factors, Health Care Inequities and Vaccination
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-795-2

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Article
Publication date: 14 August 2017

Stuti Saxena and Marijn Janssen

This paper aims to examine the use and acceptance of open government data (OGD) of different stakeholder groups in India.

1427

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the use and acceptance of open government data (OGD) of different stakeholder groups in India.

Design/methodology/approach

Following an empirical investigation among 244 respondents in India, the paper deploys path analysis via LISREL. The conceptual construction of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework is used to assess the behavioral intention to use and accept OGD. Multiple regression analysis informs the relationship of demographic variables with the behavioral intention to use and accept OGD.

Findings

Path analysis showed that there is an increased use and acceptance of OGD among the respondents. Multiple regression analysis shows that men are more likely to use open data sets than women. Individual differences are found among the respondents with regard to OGD usage. Thus, while men may tap open data sets in line with their purposes and professional backgrounds, women are likely to tap the data sets even for non-professional purposes. Furthermore, the respondents who are younger in age are more behaviorally inclined to accepting and using OGD than their older counterparts.

Practical implications

The Indian government needs to popularize and familiarize OGD initiatives among the people to a greater extent. The utilitarian value of OGD may be provided when data sets are more user-friendly, frequently updated and accurate. This would facilitate in better provision of public services besides appreciating the public sentiment. Further, with increased interaction between citizens and the government, public accountability and transparency may be better realized.

Social implications

The study shows that different groups of people are engaging in tapping information through government websites and related portals. Societal influence was found to be an important factor which predicts the acceptance and usage of OGD. An infrastructure can help to enable the use of OGD.

Originality/value

Hitherto, studies have focused on OGD initiatives in the developed countries, but extant literature is scarce on developing countries. Therefore, this study seeks to fill the literature gap by probing OGD use and acceptance among different stakeholder groups in India.

Details

foresight, vol. 19 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-6689

Keywords

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