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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1974

BELLA WEINBERG

The validity of transliteration in documentation is questioned in light of the resulting loss of precise information. The process is examined from the linguist's, cataloguer's…

130

Abstract

The validity of transliteration in documentation is questioned in light of the resulting loss of precise information. The process is examined from the linguist's, cataloguer's, and user's points of view. The pros and cons of phonetic transcription vs. scientific transliteration are discussed. Specific problems of several non‐Roman alphabets are touched upon. The author advocates development of non‐Latin print chains for computers used for documentation work. Where the cost of this is prohibitive, scientific transliteration is imperative for the purposes of international documentation. For library purposes, maintenance of separate catalogues for each script is recommended.

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Journal of Documentation, vol. 30 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0022-0418

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1990

Charles W. Bailey

A multimedia computer system is one that can create, import, integrate, store, retrieve, edit, and delete two or more types of media materials in digital form, such as audio…

150

Abstract

A multimedia computer system is one that can create, import, integrate, store, retrieve, edit, and delete two or more types of media materials in digital form, such as audio, image, full‐motion video, and text information. This paper surveys four possible types of multimedia computer systems: hypermedia, multimedia database, multimedia message, and virtual reality systems. The primary focus is on advanced multimedia systems development projects and theoretical efforts that suggest long‐term trends in this increasingly important area.

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Library Hi Tech, vol. 8 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0737-8831

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1990

BERND FROHMANN

A rule‐governed derivation of an indexing phrase from the text of a document is, in Wittgenstein's sense, a practice, rather than a mental operation explained by reference to…

494

Abstract

A rule‐governed derivation of an indexing phrase from the text of a document is, in Wittgenstein's sense, a practice, rather than a mental operation explained by reference to internally represented and tacitly known rules. Some mentalistic proposals for theory in information retrieval are criticised in light of Wittgenstein's remarks on following a rule. The conception of rules as practices shifts the theoretical significance of the social role of retrieval practices from the margins to the centre of enquiry into foundations of information retrieval. The abstracted notion of a cognitive act of ‘information processing’ deflects attention from fruitful directions of research.

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Journal of Documentation, vol. 46 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0022-0418

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1975

JOHN MARTYN

Citation analysis for the purposes of this survey is taken to mean the analysis of the citations or references which form part of the scholarly apparatus of primary communication…

479

Abstract

Citation analysis for the purposes of this survey is taken to mean the analysis of the citations or references which form part of the scholarly apparatus of primary communication. It is not taken to include study of the references appearing in secondary (abstracting or indexing) services, in subject bibliographies, or in lists or catalogues of the holdings or issues of libraries, although analysis of these latter sources of data can sometimes provide similar information to that derived from citations in the primary literature. The essence of the distinction is that citation in the primary literature expressly states a connection between two documents, one which cites and the other which is cited, whereas citation in other listings does not usually imply any connection between documents other than that effected by the indexing machinery. If libraries kept records of the materials requested, borrowed, or read by their individual users, and if these records could be synthesised so as to produce complete borrowing or reading lists for individuals (taking account, that is, of document acquisition by individuals from a number of sources), then the resultant data could be used for analytical purposes in the same way as citation data from primary publication and with much the same justification.

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Journal of Documentation, vol. 31 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0022-0418

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1992

Joan M. Aliprand

Arabic script is the most recent addition to the scripts available on the Research libraries Information Network (RLIN). Bibliographic control and retrieval using the authentic…

85

Abstract

Arabic script is the most recent addition to the scripts available on the Research libraries Information Network (RLIN). Bibliographic control and retrieval using the authentic writing system are available for titles in Arabic, Persian (Farsi), Urdu, Ottoman Turkish, and other languages written with Arabic script. RLIN is the world's largest bibliographic database for Middle Eastern language material. This paper is a comprehensive description of the Arabic script features of RLIN. It covers Arabic character sets and RLIN's character repertoire for Arabic script; how Arabic characters are input and stored in the RLIN database; the equipment needed for Arabic script support; the indexing, retrieval, and presentation of records containing Arabic script; the inclusion of non‐Roman data in USMARC bibliographic records; and statistics on the RLIN databases. Sidebars explain features of Arabic writing. The discussion of data storage and presentation of text is relevant to any computer application that involves Arabic script.

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Library Hi Tech, vol. 10 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0737-8831

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1984

To meet the growing need for computer law information, West Publishing Company has announced two new books by Professor Steven L. Mandell, ‘Computers, Data Processing, and the…

38

Abstract

To meet the growing need for computer law information, West Publishing Company has announced two new books by Professor Steven L. Mandell, ‘Computers, Data Processing, and the Law’, and ‘Computers, Data Processing, and the Law: Text and Cases’, the professional edition.

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The Electronic Library, vol. 2 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-0473

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1984

Connect is an intelligent terminal package developed specifically for use with online information retrieval and electronic mail services. It allows complete flexibility in both…

18

Abstract

Connect is an intelligent terminal package developed specifically for use with online information retrieval and electronic mail services. It allows complete flexibility in both uploading and downloading information, including logon procedures and prepared search profiles. Capture of data is simple and all host products can be emulated, including Flow Control. Ten user definable keys, independent of hardware, are available for storing information such as logon procedures. An unlimited number of Host Profiles can be used to store the values of User Keys, protocols, baud rate, etc. All communications parameters are controlled by Connect with no need to use separate utilities such as Setup, Configure, etc., and can be stored in each Host Profile. A unique feature of Connect is a usage Log, which enables details and ownership of search sessions to be stored on disk in a format compatible with many applications packages, such as Dbasell and Infostar, for the production of itemised activity reports and analyses. Connect can also be used to transfer files, including programmes, from micro to micro, and is available for most common machines.

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Online Review, vol. 8 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-314X

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1995

TERRENCE A. BROOKS

This paper reports two experiments that investigated the semantic distance model (SDM) of relevance assessment. In the first experiment graduate students of mathematics and…

83

Abstract

This paper reports two experiments that investigated the semantic distance model (SDM) of relevance assessment. In the first experiment graduate students of mathematics and economics assessed the relevance relationships between bibliographic records and hierarchies of terms composed of classification headings or help‐menu terms. The relevance assessments of the classification headings, but not the help‐menu terms, exhibited both a semantic distance effect and a semantic direction effect as predicted by the sdm. Topical subject expertise enhanced both these effects. The second experiment investigated whether the poor performance of the help‐menu terms was an experimental design artifact reflecting the comparison of terse help terms with verbose classification headings. In the second experiment the help‐menu terms were compared to a hierarchy of single‐word terms where they exhibited both a semantic distance and semantic direction effect.

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Journal of Documentation, vol. 51 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0022-0418

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1994

Madonna Harrington Meyer, Debra Street and Jill Quadagno

Welfare states are sets of rules and policies that redistribute resources across social classes and across generations. In nearly all western nations, social spending on the aged…

296

Abstract

Welfare states are sets of rules and policies that redistribute resources across social classes and across generations. In nearly all western nations, social spending on the aged has surpassed spending on all other age groups combined. In 1992 alone, spending in the U.S. on Social Security topped $250 billion and on Medicare $130 billion.

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International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 14 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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Article
Publication date: 19 August 2019

Hayet Cherrad, Sherazede Bouderbala, Yahiaoui Zidan and Djamil Krouf

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of olive cake (CO) on glycaemia and lipemia and lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activities in erythrocytes and…

92

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of olive cake (CO) on glycaemia and lipemia and lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activities in erythrocytes and tissues, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Design/methodology/approach

Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg BW). In total, 12 diabetic D rats, weighing 260 ± 20 g, were divided into two groups fed a casein diet supplemented (D-OC) or not (D) with OC (7.5 per cent), for four weeks.

Findings

In D-OC compared with D, glycaemia, total cholesterol and triglycerides values (−40 per cent; p = 0.007, 27 per cent; p = 0.007 and −27 per cent; p = 0.0019). In erythrocyte, liver, kidney, heart, muscle and brain, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances contents were respectively, (−19 per cent; p = 0.03, −32 per cent; p = 0.002, −20 per cent; p = 0.04, −68 per cent; p = 0.003, −74 per cent; p = 0.0003 and −38 per cent; p = 0.04). In erythrocyte, SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were respectively, (+14 per cent; p = 0.01, +74 per cent; p = 0.012 and +34 per cent; p = 0.0009). In the liver, kidney, heart and muscle, SOD activity was respectively, (+31 per cent; p = 0.004, +12 per cent; p = 0.038, +43 per cent; p = 0.001 and +23 per cent; p = 0.18). GSH-Px activity was respectively, (+121 per cent; p = 0.0009, 89 per cent; p = 0.0006, + 95 per cent; p = 0.008, +71 per cent; p = 0.02 and +26 per cent; p = 0.01), in the liver, kidney, heart, muscle and brain. Catalase activity was (+21 per cent; p = 0.008) in the liver, (+88 per cent; p = 0.0002 in the kidney, +53 per cent; p = 0,002 in the heart and 83 per cent; p = 0.00004 in the muscle).

Originality/value

In diabetic rats, OC reduces hyperglycaemia induced by STZ and attenuates triglyceridemia and cholesterolemia. This residue is able to decrease the oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant enzymes activity in erythrocytes and tissues. The high contents of phytoconstituents present in OC are considered to be responsible for this effect.

Details

Nutrition & Food Science , vol. 50 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0034-6659

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