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FOUNDATION THE Francis Mond Professorship of Aeronautical Engineering was established at Cambridge University in 1919 and was certainly the first chair in aeronautical engineering in this country. The initial holder of this Chair was B. M. Jones (now Sir B. Mclvill Jones), who had worked at the R.A.E. and other establishments during the First World War. Professor Melvill Jones, on arriving at Cambridge, found that in fact the University was not able to finance his research or supply him with laboratory space and had to rely upon the Air Ministry for funds and apparatus. This resulted in the main research activity of the department being directed towards flight experiments using R.A.F. aircraft flying from Duxford. Due to their interest in aeronautics, however, the Engineering Laboratory at Cambridge did supply Professor Melvill Jones with space, and in 1921 an optional paper was set in Aeronautics in the Mechanical Sciences Tripos.

While scholarship has identified the bias that maternal women (Arena et al., 2023; Grandey et al., 2020) and racial minority employees (King et al., in press) endure, few have taken aim at understanding how these identity characteristics might combine to concomitantly shape work experiences. Drawing from stigma theory (Goffman, 1963), the primary purpose of our chapter is to examine how the stereotypes of maternity might interact with race-based stereotypes to shape the experiences of working women. In doing so, we will be able to identify which stereotypes of maternity (i.e., incompetence or disloyalty; Grandey et al., 2020) might be exacerbated or weakened when varying race-based stereotypes are considered. After reviewing the potential for intersecting stereotypes, we then argue that mothers might experience different work and health outcomes – both pre- and postpartum – based on their race. We close by providing insight for future scholars and identify additional identity characteristics that may shape mothers' workplace experiences.

Aarhus Kommunes Biblioteker (Teknisk Bibliotek), Ingerslevs Plads 7, Aarhus, Denmark. Representative: V. NEDERGAARD PEDERSEN (Librarian).

Revealed preference axioms provide a simple way of testing data from consumers or firms for consistency with optimizing behavior. The resulting non-parametric tests are very attractive, since they do not require any ad hoc functional form assumptions. A weakness of such tests, however, is that they are non-stochastic. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of two non-parametric approaches that can be used to derive statistical tests for utility maximization, which account for random measurement errors in the observed data. These same approaches can also be used to derive tests for separability of the utility function.