Tahir Naseem and Azeem Shahzad
The purpose of this study is to examine the flow and heat transfer performance of titanium oxide/water and copper/water nanofluids with varying nanoparticle morphologies by…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the flow and heat transfer performance of titanium oxide/water and copper/water nanofluids with varying nanoparticle morphologies by considering magnetic, Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects. Furthermore, it studies the irreversibility caused by the flow of a hydromagnetic nanofluid past a radiated stretching sheet by considering different shapes of TiO2 and Cu nanoparticles with water as the base fluid.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the authors investigated entropy production in an unsteady two-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic nanofluid regime using water as the base fluid and five unique TiO2 and Cu nanoparticle morphologies. Using appropriate similarity transformations, the controlling nonlinear system of partial differential equations is transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations. The shooting technique with Runge–Kutta method was then used to solve these equations quantitatively. The findings of this study are depicted graphically, and the skin friction corresponding to various nanoparticle geometries and physical parameter variations is tabulated.
Findings
To assess the reliability of the current findings, a tabular representation of the data was compared to that of previously published studies. It is noted that a reduction in thermal energy was detected as a result of the higher levels of Prandtl number (Pr). It is further analysed that the highest heat energy generation of TiO2 nanoparticles was larger than that of Cu nanoparticles. The most important finding was that the sphere-shaped Cu/H2O nanofluid had the lowest velocity and greatest temperature. Also, Cu nanoparticles in the shape of platelets generate the most entropy, while TiO2 nanoparticles in the shape of spheres generate the least.
Originality/value
To the best of the knowledge of the authors, the attempt to investigate the previously unexplored shape effects of TiO2 and Cu nanoparticles on the heat transfer enhancement and inherent irreversibility caused by hydromagnetic nanofluid flow past a radiated stretching sheet with magnetic, Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects. This study fills this gap in the existing literature and encourages scientists, engineers and businesses to do more research in this area. This model can be used to improve heat transfer in systems that use renewable energy, thermal management in industry and the processing of materials.
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Masood Khan, Azeem Shahzad, Asia Anjum and Fazal M. Mahomed
– The purpose of this paper is to find analytic approximate solutions for time-dependent flow and heat transfer of a Sisko fluid.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to find analytic approximate solutions for time-dependent flow and heat transfer of a Sisko fluid.
Design/methodology/approach
The homotopy analysis method is used to find a family of travelling wave solutions of the governing non-linear problem.
Findings
The effects of different parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles are shown graphically.
Originality/value
The analytic solutions of the system of non-linear ordinary differential equations are constructed in the series form for various values of the power index.
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Inês Lisboa, Magali Costa and Carolina Reis
Most research suggests that capital structure is influenced by two elements: the firms’ internal and external characteristics. This study aims to add knowledge to the literature…
Abstract
Purpose
Most research suggests that capital structure is influenced by two elements: the firms’ internal and external characteristics. This study aims to add knowledge to the literature by analyzing the impact of firms’ financial information quality on capital structure options. Financial reports are the principal basis for most financial decisions, so their quality and content heavily influence firms’ financial choices.
Design/methodology/approach
An unbalanced panel sample of 414 listed firms on the main stock exchanges of Portugal (PSI), Italy (FTSE/MIB), Greece (FTSE/ATHEX) and Spain (IBEX 35) between 2013 and 2022 is analyzed. To achieve a more comprehensive result, capital structure and financial reporting quality are measured through multiple proxies. Capital structure is evaluated by the total and the maturity debt ratios, based on book and market values, and financial reporting quality is measured through four proxies: accruals quality, smoothness, timeliness and accounting conservatism.
Findings
The global analysis revealed mixed results, with three variables of the financial reporting quality exhibiting a positive impact on debt (accruals quality, smoothness and accounting conservatism), while the remaining proxy presented a negative impact (timeliness). Further analysis also indicates that companies affected by Troika policies experienced a contrasting effect of timeliness on debt, while the other firms displayed results consistent with the global analysis.
Originality/value
This work contributes to enlarging the capital structure debate by analyzing the impact of financial reporting quality, an effect little addressed by previous literature. Moreover, several proxies of financial reporting quality are used. Besides accruals quality or earnings management proxy, which is the most analyzed, the authors also include the proxies of smoothness and accounting conservatism, little investigated and timeliness that were not considered by previous researchers. Additionally, as control variables, not only firms’ specific characteristics are included but also macroeconomic factors. Therefore, the contributions of the paper are relevant to all stakeholders to broaden knowledge of factors that define the capital structure, as well as the relevance of firms to display financial reporting with quality.
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Hind Muhtaseb, Veronica Paz, Geoffrey Tickell and Mukesh Chaudhry
This study explores the relationship between leverage and earnings management in the context of Palestinian-listed companies, while also investigating whether audit industry…
Abstract
Purpose
This study explores the relationship between leverage and earnings management in the context of Palestinian-listed companies, while also investigating whether audit industry specialization influences this relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
The data used in this study are extracted from public financial reports of 39 firms listed on Palestine Stock Exchange (PEX), spread across the service, insurance, industry and investment sectors, for the time period 2011–2022. A model is developed to test 4 hypotheses about the relationships between long-term and short-term debts, and earnings management, and then to examine the influence of audit industry specialization on these relationships.
Findings
The results depict a significant, negative relationship between long-term debt and earnings management. Whereas the association between short-term debt and earnings management is insignificant. Audit industry specialization is proven to have no influence on the relationships between the independent and the dependent variables. Results are robust for firms that changed their accounting policies and using different audit industry specialization proxies.
Originality/value
The association between leverage and earnings management is a significant research topic, given that previous research identifies credit ratings and debt covenant violations as key factors which motivate earnings management. This paper fills a substantial research gap by examining the relationship between the two variables in the context of Palestinian-listed firms, while emphasizing the distinction between long-term and short-term debts. It also highlights key relationships that have been neglected in this particular context, which adds to the body of literature. Furthermore, the research's findings provide a solid information base that is of great interest to accounting and auditing experts and that may be seriously evaluated to support and advance the PEX sector.
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Adriana Bruscato Bortoluzzo, Antonio Zoratto Sanvicente and Maurício Mesquita Bortoluzzo
This study explores distinct capital structure patterns between private and public companies, examining the varying influence of determinants on debt choices contingent upon a…
Abstract
Purpose
This study explores distinct capital structure patterns between private and public companies, examining the varying influence of determinants on debt choices contingent upon a firm’s existing debt position.
Design/methodology/approach
Employing annual data from 2012 to 2022 for 142 public firms and 660 private firms in a large emerging economy, we use quantile regression within a panel data framework to study the heterogeneous effects of debt determinants, incorporating firm and time random effects.
Findings
Our findings indicate that such factors as size and operating margin contribute to higher levels of debt, while investment opportunities reduce the debt level. Further analyses, when accounting for a firm’s likelihood of being publicly traded, reveal that dividend payout and operating margin significantly influence debt levels, exclusively in the presence of high debt proportions. Conversely, investment opportunities emerge as a substantial determinant in all debt scenarios. In addition, we found a strong persistence in the indebtedness of companies, and we conclude that the effect of the determinants of indebtedness is heterogeneous according to the level of debt of companies.
Originality/value
This research provides a comprehensive comparison between private and public firms, not only in terms of debt levels but also in key capital structure determinants, highlighting their significance within the context of varying debt levels.
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Muhammad Umer Azeem, Sami Ullah Bajwa, Khuram Shahzad and Haris Aslam
This paper investigates the role of psychological contract violation (PCV) as the antecedent of employee turnover intention. It also explores the role of job dissatisfaction and…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper investigates the role of psychological contract violation (PCV) as the antecedent of employee turnover intention. It also explores the role of job dissatisfaction and work disengagement as the sequential underlying mechanism of a positive effect of PCV on employee turnover intention.
Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on social exchange theory (SET), the authors postulate that PCV triggers negative reciprocity behaviour in employees, which leads to job dissatisfaction and work disengagement, which in turn develop into turnover intentions. The authors tested the research model on time-lagged data from 200 managers working in the banking sector of Pakistan.
Findings
The findings confirmed the hypothesis that employees experiencing PCV raise their turnover intentions because of a feeling of organisational betrayal which makes them dissatisfied and detached from their work.
Originality/value
This research advances the body of knowledge in the area of psychological contracts by identifying the mechanisms through which PCVs translate into employee turnover intentions.
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Mehboob Ali, F. Sultan, Waqar Azeem Khan, M. Shahzad, Hina Arif and M. Irfan
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the heat transportation rate by using Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model. Furthermore, homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction is also…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the heat transportation rate by using Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model. Furthermore, homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction is also deliberated in the modeling of concentration expression.
Design/methodology/approach
The nonlinear PDEs are reduced to ODEs via implementation of applicable transformations. Numerical scheme bvp4c is used to obtain convergent solutions.
Findings
The main findings are to characterize the generalized Fourier’s heat flux and homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions in 3D flow of non-Newtonian cross fluid.
Originality/value
It is to certify that this paper is neither published earlier nor submitted elsewhere.
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Dirk De Clercq, Inam Ul Haq and Muhammad Umer Azeem
This study aims to detail how employees’ experience of distributive injustice may compromise their job performance, with specific attention to how this detrimental process may be…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to detail how employees’ experience of distributive injustice may compromise their job performance, with specific attention to how this detrimental process may be explained in part by their beliefs about organization-level underperformance and moderated by their own psychological entitlement.
Design/methodology/approach
The research hypotheses were tested with three-round, time-lagged data collected among employees and their supervisors.
Findings
A critical channel through which employees’ perceptions that their organization’s reward system is unfair translates into thwarted job performance is a conviction that their organization does not meet its own performance targets. As a mediator, such organizational underperformance beliefs have particularly salient effects on employees who believe they are more deserving than others.
Practical implications
This study gives HR managers insights into how they can reduce the danger that unfair reward practices escalate into a reduced propensity by employees to complete their job tasks diligently. HR managers should make employees aware of their possible entitlement and discourage them from expecting that things always must go their way.
Originality/value
This research unpacks the connection between distributive injustice and job performance, by delineating the unique roles of two pertinent factors (organizational underperformance beliefs and psychological entitlement) in this connection.
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Waqar Azeem Khan, Mehboob Ali, Muhammad Waqas, M. Shahzad, F. Sultan and M. Irfan
This paper aims to address the flow of Sisko nanofluid by an unsteady curved surface. Non-uniform heat source/sink is considered for heat transfer analysis.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to address the flow of Sisko nanofluid by an unsteady curved surface. Non-uniform heat source/sink is considered for heat transfer analysis.
Design/methodology/approach
Numerical solutions are constructed using bvp4c procedure.
Findings
Pressure profile inside boundary region is increased when A and K are enhanced.
Originality/value
No such analysis is yet presented.
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Waqar Azeem Khan, Muhammad Waqas, Mehboob Ali, F. Sultan, M. Shahzad and M. Irfan
This paper aims to develop a mathematical model featuring Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The idea of curved stretching subjected to time-dependent non-Newtonian (Sisko) fluid…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to develop a mathematical model featuring Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The idea of curved stretching subjected to time-dependent non-Newtonian (Sisko) fluid flow is introduced.
Design/methodology/approach
Shooting scheme is implemented to compute nonlinear systems.
Findings
Velocity profile of Sisko magnetonanofluid enhances for augmented values of curvature parameter.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no such analysis has yet been reported.