Arun Chandrasekhar, Eric Beyne, Walter De Raedt, Bart Nauwelaers and Tania Van Bever
This paper highlights the electrical behaviour of the interconnects on a 120‐pin Ball Grid Array (BGA) package from 500 MHz upto 8 GHz. The measurements are made using IMEC's…
Abstract
This paper highlights the electrical behaviour of the interconnects on a 120‐pin Ball Grid Array (BGA) package from 500 MHz upto 8 GHz. The measurements are made using IMEC's MCM‐D thin film technology as the substrate and with a test set‐up called MoPoM (MCM‐on‐Package‐on‐MCM). The interconnects are classified based on length and measured with adjacent interconnects grounded as well as floating. Circuit models are extracted from the measurement and the simulation respectively for an RF interconnect including the wirebond. Comparison of the circuit models with each other and with the measurement show agreement atleast upto 6 GHz. One of the interconnects is also measured before and after globtopping and a considerable change in the impedance match is observed. The effect of package loading is found to be negligible.
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Mudit Kumar Singh and Jaemin Lee
The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the inequality perpetuated through social categories in accessing the social capital generated through the microfinance…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the inequality perpetuated through social categories in accessing the social capital generated through the microfinance interventions in India as the country has pronounced economic inequality by social categories like many developing stratified societies.
Design/methodology/approach
The study uses survey data collected from 75 villages in rural India and tests whether the formation and maximization of social capital through self-help groups (SHGs) is dominated by social categories, e.g. high-caste groups, males and superior occupation classes. Using logistic regression framework, the study assesses the formation and maximization of social capital through multiple SHG membership.
Findings
The paper finds that the microfinance approach of empowering weaker sections is considerably limited in its success, in the sense that it provides them with the opportunity to the credit access and support through SHGs. But, the empirical model further indicates that social capital in form of these SHGs may fall prey to the dominant social categories, and thus, these institutions may potentially enhance inequality.
Research limitations/implications
The paper is derived from the secondary data set, so it is unable to comment field reality qualitatively.
Practical implications
Microfinance policy makers will have an improved understanding of inherent social inequalities while implementing group-based programs in socially stratified societies.
Originality/value
Social capital, if treated as an outcome accumulated in form of groups, provides with an important framework to assess the unequal access through the microfinance interventions. Overlooking the inherent unequal access will deceive the purpose of social justice in the group-based interventions. The microfinance and other welfare policies engaged in group formation and generating the social capital need to be more sensitive to the disadvantageous sections while focusing on multiple group access by disadvantaged social groups.
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Shamita Garg and Sushil
Globalisation has benefitted both developed and emerging markets. However, few recent studies have pointed out that globalisation has failed to deliver promising results. This…
Abstract
Purpose
Globalisation has benefitted both developed and emerging markets. However, few recent studies have pointed out that globalisation has failed to deliver promising results. This research aims to examine the impact of globalisation on different performance aspects of an emerging market like India.
Design/methodology/approach
We examined the impact of globalisation on different performance aspects of a country at the national, industry and firm levels. We have defined the performance dimensions for country-level analysis as GDP and unemployment. We have defined the performance dimensions as profitability for industry and firm-level analysis. The effects of globalisation on the critical economic performance aspects in the Indian setting are covered in the first part. In the second part, we used the panel regression approach to evaluate the impact of overseas revenue on the employability and profitability of select Indian auto firms. We have chosen the auto industry for industry analysis because of its extensive integration with other production fields. In the third section, we discussed how globalisation has improved the profitability of two Indian car companies.
Findings
This study finds that globalisation has benefitted nearly every aspect of the Indian economy's performance. India has gained from national, industry and firm globalisation.
Originality/value
This study is the first of its kind to examine the impact of globalisation on a country's performance across different levels, including national, industry and firm levels. We have studied the Indian context to develop a theory that globalisation still benefits emerging markets.
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Arun Bhattacharyya, Sangeeth Varghese and Amit Gupta
Learning outcomes are as follows: understanding the importance of aligning an entrepreneur’s personal orientation and values (e.g. detachment from the enterprise) with business…
Abstract
Learning outcomes
Learning outcomes are as follows: understanding the importance of aligning an entrepreneur’s personal orientation and values (e.g. detachment from the enterprise) with business decisions related to enterprise development; appreciating how prior exposure to business settings can be a source of entrepreneurship pursuits for an entrepreneur; and understand whether a different type of leadership can be instrumental in the creation, running and growth of an entrepreneurial venture, especially in terms of introducing differentiated offerings in the target market.
Case overview/synopsis
The case is about an entrepreneur, Sangeeth Varghese, with a very humble and conservative background, who worked in various firms, small and large, and become a young global leader at World Economic Forum, before foraying into entrepreneurship. He is driven by the core values of detachment and democratization, which is reflected throughout his life course and has developed his own views on leadership. After running his first venture LeadCap Ventures with some measure of success, Sangeeth is about to launch his new venture LeadBurg, a web- and mobile-based application for behavioral rating and competency discovery for individuals. The predicament for Sangeeth is about the uncertainties related to the new launch from a business perspective, as well as the concern whether the core principles of democratization and detachment that he identified with, would stand the test in this launch.
Complexity academic level
Master level program (e.g. MBA).
Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.
Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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SHANTARAM P. HEGDE and SANJAY B. VARSHNEY
We argue that uninformed subscribers to an initial public offering (IPO) of common stocks are exposed to greater ex ante risk of trading against informed traders in the secondary…
Abstract
We argue that uninformed subscribers to an initial public offering (IPO) of common stocks are exposed to greater ex ante risk of trading against informed traders in the secondary market because the advent of public trading conveys hitherto private information and thereby mitigates adverse selection. The going‐public firm underprices the new issue to compensate uninformed subscribers for this added secondary market adverse selection risk. We test this market liquidity‐based explanation by investigating the ex‐post consequences of ownership structure choice on the initial pricing and the secondary market liquidity of a sample of initial public offerings on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Consistent with our argument, we find that initial underpricing varies directly with the ex post trading costs in the secondary market. Further, initial underpricing is related positively to the concentration of institutional shareholdings and negatively to the proportional equity ownership retained by the founding shareholders. Finally, the secondary market illiquidity of new issues is positively related to institutional ownership concentration and negatively to ownership retention and underwriter reputation. Thus, the evidence based on our NYSE sample supports the view that the entrepreneurs' choice of ownership structure affects both the initial pricing and the subsequent market liquidity of new issues.
Western business-to-business firms are under increasing competition from firms in emerging nations. As examples, Mindray in medical devices, LiuGong in earth moving equipment…
Abstract
Purpose
Western business-to-business firms are under increasing competition from firms in emerging nations. As examples, Mindray in medical devices, LiuGong in earth moving equipment, Tata motors in Buses and Suzlon in Wind turbines are emerging as strong competitors in their industries. Yet despite increased competition from emerging nation firms, insufficient research has examined the growth of these firms, specifically in the areas of technology and innovation development processes. The purpose of this study is to examine how emerging nation business-to-business firms that have global ambitions achieve technology competence.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors examined several case studies on emerging market business-to-business firms that have moved to global markets and highlight the following five: LiuGong China (excavating products), Mindray China (medical equipment), Suzlon Energy India (wind generators), Tata Motors Buses India and BYD Auto China (batteries to electric cars). The firms are in business-to-business markets, except for BYD China that emerged as a business-to-business battery supplier but is currently in both business-to-business and business-to-consumer markets.
Findings
The authors find that firms in emerging markets that have global ambitions follow different approaches to innovation development processes from conventional theories and assumptions held by scholars and practitioners in Western developed countries. Our cases suggest that firms follow the proposed progression: domestic markets – internally developed technology; domestic markets –acquired technology; and finally to, global markets – acquired technology.
Researchlimitations/implications
The authors contribute to research in three areas. First, they suggest that the innovation development process for emerging market firms is different from the Western world. Second, they provide a framework of innovation development process that can be tested in multiple environments. Third, this study suggests a deeper examination of the longitudinal development of business-to-business firms, an area that has received less attention.
Practicalimplications
The authors suggest that firms need to better track their competition from emerging nations because emerging nation firms can quickly acquire technology to become strong competitors.
Originality/value
Extant research has not examined these issues.