This paper analyzes the attitudes Saudi university students hold toward Western culture. Saudi participants completed an open-ended questionnaire about attitudes toward Western…
Abstract
This paper analyzes the attitudes Saudi university students hold toward Western culture. Saudi participants completed an open-ended questionnaire about attitudes toward Western culture, consisting of five open-ended questions. This paper presents questionnaire responses from 210 university students in Saudi Arabia (male and female). This paper finds that most of these students are integratively motivated and therefore show a positive disposition toward Western culture. It also shows a correlation between instrumental motivation and students who study on science and engineering tracks. The study shows that a clear majority of students like some aspect of the West or Western culture. The study concludes that these Saudi students are predisposed to interact favorably with the West.
Online catalogs and card catalogs can be compared from differentperspectives and according to different criteria. An appropriateapproach in this regard is to compare the two types…
Abstract
Online catalogs and card catalogs can be compared from different perspectives and according to different criteria. An appropriate approach in this regard is to compare the two types of catalog according to the processes in which bibliographic records are created (the input stage), manipulated (the storage stage) and retrieved (the output stage). Studies the concepts underlying the input‐storage/output of bibliographic records and reveals major differences between online catalogs and card catalogs. These differences are multiplied and widened when moving from input stage to output stage to such an extent that online catalogs can be considered as a significant departure from manual catalogs. The redesign for use in the online environment of bibliographical standards (cataloging codes, MARC formats and ISBDs) which are based on the concept of the card catalog should be based on the conceptual as well as the practical differences between the online catalog and the card catalog.
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V. Kumar, Ashley Goreczny and Todd Maurer
The purpose of this study is to understand how a salesperson’s preset goals, customer satisfaction levels and past performance affect the extent of goal achievement, as well as…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand how a salesperson’s preset goals, customer satisfaction levels and past performance affect the extent of goal achievement, as well as how job-specific attitudes and emotions affect the relationship between preset goals and goal achievement.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a modeling framework with both main, moderating and mediating effects, using transaction data and survey results from a telecommunications firm.
Findings
The results indicate that preset goals and customer satisfaction, interestingly, have an inverted-U relationships with goal achievement. Further, attitudes and emotions regarding workplace conduciveness and workplace ethics and diversity, reduce the effect preset goals have on goal achievement. However, attitudes and emotions regarding workplace philosophy strengthens the effect preset goals have on goal achievement, whereas with disagreement, this relationship diminishes.
Research limitations/implications
Two of the primary limitations of this study are: one, because of the cross-sectional nature of the study, there is limited opportunity to control for unobserved heterogeneity; and two, performance goal achievement, though is important for the firm, is one of many potential goals that affect a salesperson. For example, customer satisfaction goals or a one-time special event goals could play a role. Therefore, only using performance goal achievement could be a limitation of this study.
Originality/value
This study contributes to academic literature in three ways. First, it demonstrates the diminishing effect of customer satisfaction on goal achievement. Second, it identifies an inverse U-shaped relationship between preset goals and goal achievement. Finally, it examines how attitudes and emotions regarding workplace culture (conduciveness, ethics and diversity and philosophy) affect the relationship between preset goals and goal achievement.
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WILLIAM H. DESVOUSGES, F. REED JOHNSON, RICHARD W. DUNFORD, K. NICOLE WILSON and KEVIN J. BOYLE
Meguellati Achour and Hasnah Alghamdi
This study aimed to address the importance and effects of studying history and Islamic history on students’ political awareness.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to address the importance and effects of studying history and Islamic history on students’ political awareness.
Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the objectives of this study, a questionnaire was used. A total of 315 university students aged 17–50 years old participated in the study. These students represented three of the most influential universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Findings
The results revealed a strong, positive and significant correlation between the study of history and students’ political awareness.
Originality/value
The findings of this study indicated that studying history and Islamic history leads to an increased level of students’ political awareness. Therefore, studying history is important for university students to develop their political awareness and prepare them as future leaders.
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Attempts to introduce a new approach for describing bibliographic entities in order to fulfil all the functions of the catalogue in the online environment. While it is assumed…
Abstract
Attempts to introduce a new approach for describing bibliographic entities in order to fulfil all the functions of the catalogue in the online environment. While it is assumed that the basic unit of description is the item in hand and records describing items would fulfil the finding, identifying, choosing and locating functions; super records, which are based on the concept of “super works”, would fulfil the collocating function in a more meaningful way. This approach is a solution to the problem of the same work appearing in various manifestations and formats. Super records for voluminous works include attributes that are common to different versions of a work and are linked to bibliographic records for items. A prototype catalogue of super records has been developed and made available on the Web to introduce the advantages, limitations and possible consequences of the concept on cataloguing principles, MARC and Z39.50.