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The entropy and thermal behavior analyses of non-Newtonian nanofluid double-diffusive natural convection inside complex domains may captivate a bunch of scholars’ attention because of the potential utilizations that they possess in modern industries, for example, heat exchangers, solar energy collectors and cooling of electronic apparatuses. This study aims to investigate the second law and thermal behavior of non-Newtonian double-diffusive natural convection (DDNC) of Al₂O₃-H₂O nanofluid within a C-shaped cavity emplacing two hot baffles and impacted by a magnetic field.

For the governing equations of the complicated and practical system with all considered parameters to be solved via a formidable numerical approach, the finite element method acts as an approach to achieving the desired solution. This method allows us to gain a detailed solution to the studied geometry.

This investigation has been executed for the considered parameters of range, such as power-law index, baffle length, Lewis number, buoyancy ratio, Hartmann number and Rayleigh number. The main results reveal that isothermal and concentration lines are significantly more distorted, indicating intensified concentration and temperature distributions because of the growth of baffle length (L). Nu_ave decreases by 8.4% and 0.8% while it enhances by 49.86% and 33.87%, respectively, because of growth in the L from 0.1 to 0.2 and 0.2 to 0.3.

Such a comprehensive study on the second law and thermal behavior of DDNC of Al₂O₃-H₂O nanofluid within a C-shaped cavity emplacing two hot baffles and impacted by magnetic field has not yet been carried out.

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the effects of knowledge management (KM) enablers on KM processes in research universities and testing the direct relation between KM processes and OP. This study also proposes to examine the mediating role of intellectual capital (IC) and innovation in the relationship between KM processes and performance of universities.

Using a sample of 217 academic and administrative personnel from research universities of Pakistan, the hypothesized relationships were tested through partial least squares structural equation modeling technique.

The results reveal that KM enablers have a significant impact on KM processes. The results also indicate that KM processes influence organizational performance (OP) directly and indirectly through innovation and IC.

Findings of this study reinforce the corporate experience of KM and suggest how administrators of research universities and higher educational institutions can promote innovation and IC, which in turn enhance OP.

Despite the augmented importance of KM in higher education institutions or research universities, there is a dearth of studies that investigate the interplay of KM, innovation, IC and OP. This is one of the earliest studies that not only empirically investigate the interaction of KM enablers, KM processes and performance of research universities but also shed insights into the existing literature by simultaneously investigating mediating role of IC and innovation in the underlying relationship.

In this paper, the authors develop and estimate a small open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with an enriched micro-founded specification to account for foreign remittances, an important source that helps bridge the trade gap in many developing and emerging market economies.

Although the authors’ specification provides a general frame for the analysis of the role of workers' remittances, they motivate and calibrate the model with specific focus on Pakistan, where most of the trade deficit is met through the remittance channel.

The results indicate that a negative shock to workers' remittances hampers real growth via decreased consumption and imported investment goods, while it builds pressure on exchange rate and hence worsens current account balance. These results indicate that too much dependence on workers' remittances to help meet foreign exchange deficits may potentially leave the economy in doldrums in case sizable negative shocks occur to the flow of foreign remittances.

The authors develop and estimate a small open economy DSGE model with an enriched micro-founded specification to account for foreign remittances, an important source that helps bridge the trade gap in many developing and emerging market economies.