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The purpose of this paper is to explore the correlation among health outcomes, and civil and political rights (CPR) and also economic, social and cultural rights.

The study uses cross-sectional data from 161 countries. The authors use health outcomes and human rights variables in the model. In order to combine dimensions of human rights, this paper uses factor analysis and obtains proxy variables that measure economic, social and cultural rights and CPR. The two proxy variables are used as independent variables to explain variations in health in a regression model. The paper then classifies countries by cluster analysis and explores the patterns of different components of human rights and health outcomes across country clusters.

The regression model demonstrates that the economic, social and cultural rights variables explain variations in all health outcomes. The relationship between CPR and health is weaker than that of the economic, social and cultural rights. Cluster analysis further reveals that despite the country’s commitment to CPR, those that highly respect economic, social and cultural rights lead to superior health outcomes. The more respect a country has for economic, social and cultural rights, the better the health outcomes for the citizens of that country.

National policies should consider equal emphasis on all dimensions of human rights for further improvements in health.

The sole promotion of CPR such as democracy and empowerment, absence of adequate support of economic, social and cultural rights such as rights to housing, education, food and work can only contribute partially to health.

Family businesses (FBs) are considered an essential type of entrepreneurship that impacts economic growth. However, statistics show that after a period of performance they ultimately fail, and comparatively little is known about the reasons for their failing when compared to the amount of research focusing on keys to success.

Through the implementation of an case study technique, which is widely used in research to address the complex phenomenon of failure, this paper aims to analyse the antecedents of failure in the case of four Catalan FBs. In doing so, this article develops propositions based on Institutional Economics Theory and Dynamic Capability Theory, with a focus on innovation and product diversification in family firms.

Using interviews as a means of obtaining a large amount of information, it is observed that problems related to governmental regulations and constantly changing social behaviour can lead to failure for FBs. Additionally, a link between R&D activities and new product development and FB failure is observed. More specifically, this research highlights that a lack of product diversification and innovation can become a hindrance for FB performance when the institutional environment is unstable. It reveals the importance of developing dynamic capabilities that can meet the demands of fast-changing consumer behaviour. From a practical perspective, these findings can be used by governments in developing regulations focused on the dynamic capabilities of FBs, and by managers in order to learn from these experiences and implement appropriate strategies for long-term development and crisis management.

This paper theoretically contributes to both the FB literature, as well as to institutional economics and dynamic capability theories by offering a combined perspective on how FB's dynamic capabilities change based on environmental factors and impact FB failure.

This study aims to analyze the major risk categories that could be encountered in hospitals and other medical facilities and attempts to determine which are more important from the patients’ perspective for the purpose of improving to the hospital–patient relationship improvement. For this, five main risk categories are identified along with an overall perceived risk.

To extract the patients’ opinion over the considered types of risks in terms of importance and exposure to these risks when using the medical services, a questionnaire has been created and validated using AMOS 22.0.0. Due to the validation process, a series of variables have been excluded, while the selected ones have been used for calculating the overall perceived risk. Having the values of this risk for the entire set of respondents (N = 304), the grey incidence analysis has been applied to determine whether there is a correlation between the overall perceived risk and the frequency of medical services usage, the disease gravity, the hospitalisation period or the healing degree.

The human resources and the hospital conditions risk has been mentioned as the main risk category encountered by the respondents when accessing the medical services both in term of importance and exposure, shortly followed by the technological and hospital conditions risk. The overall perceived risk has a moderate to high average value on the entire set of respondents and it is mostly related to the frequency to which the respondents are utilising the medical services.

In this paper, the hospital’s risks are analysed from the patients’ point of view to see both their perception over these risks and the importance they are giving to these risks. More, an overall perceived risk has been determined, with a moderate to high value on the Likert scale (on this data set), which can be useful if extended to each hospital (and not calculated as a general indicator), as it can provide a landmark for patients when choosing a hospital.

The patient healthcare experience is a complex phenomenon, as is encouraging patient compliance with medical advice. To address this multifaceted relationship, the purpose of this paper is to explore the ways resident physicians verbally encourage patient compliance and the relationship between these compliance-seeking strategies and patient satisfaction.

A total of 40 medical interviews between resident physicians and patients were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and analysed. Patient questionnaires were also administered and analysed.

It was found that resident physicians used indirect orders most frequently, followed by motivation, persuasion, scheduling, and direct orders. It was also found that female patients received (marginally) more messages than male patients; female residents used more messages with female patients than with male patients; female residents used more persuasion messages with female patients than with male patients; male residents were less likely than female residents to use motivational messages with female patients; and compliance was significantly correlated with expertise satisfaction, overall satisfaction, and communication satisfaction.

This study advances existing research by examining various ways in which residents verbally encourage patient compliance and the relationship between these messages and patient satisfaction. Findings can be used to inform physicians on strategies to encourage patient adherence to medication regimen, appointments, and lifestyle changes.

The study compares how distinct mechanisms that connect pre-established policy objectives to professionals' practices, and the health policy implementation context influenced different approaches to frontline staff participation. The authors analysed 26 teams in six cities from two Brazilian states, during the last cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ).

About 172 in-depth interviews were conducted with frontliners – community health workers (78), nurses (37), doctors (30) – and managers (27). Interview guides were based on key issues identified in the implementation and pay-for-performance (P4P) literature. Drawing on thematic analysis and synthesis of the literature, three types of participation mechanisms were identified: relational, motivational and incremental learning. They were analysed considering distinct contexts at the local level to understand how they influenced different forms of participation: mere adherence, result-oriented and transformative.

Administrations with stronger institutional organizational structures were able to control work processes and reduce professional discretion. However, sustained participation was more likely where there was greater integration between management and frontline health care teams. Motivation based only on financial incentives could not bring about transformative participation. This depended on the degree of professional's ideational motivation towards primary care. Finally, contexts with unfavourable working conditions tend to demotivate professionals, but incremental learning helps teams cope with these obstacles.

The study overcomes gaps in the literature in relation to PMAQ's implementation process. Overall, the study delves into which/how mechanisms alter frontliners participation in performance-oriented health programs.

This case study explores the ways in which black and Latino women who graduated from a predominantly white, elite public high school in the Northeastern United States engaged in varied acts of resistance while students there, both within the classroom and within the larger community. The women accessed the high school through one of the three ways: as town residents, as commuters, or as boarders through two distinct voluntary racial desegregation programs. Through in-depth interviews with 37 women, two overriding trends appear in the data – a form of “resistance for liberation” or “political resistance” in which women push against stereotypes, introduce new programming, and work to reform policies and curriculum, and a smaller strain of “resistance for survival” in which women actively utilize stereotypes. Women with greater amounts of both dominant and nondominant forms of cultural capital are more likely to engage in “political resistance,” while women with lesser amounts of dominant cultural capital show more evidence of “resistance for survival.” Variation exists by point of entry into the system, with town residents showing the lowest levels of either form of resistance.

A LETTER from the President of the Library Association (Mr. Berwick Sayers) has been received which we have pleasure in giving prominently.

Using original transcripts of cases in which ‘sex games’ have ‘gone wrong’, this chapter examines how the practice of bondage and sado-masochism (BDSM) is figured in legal discourses and the implications this understanding of it has for debates about consent and sexual violence. The premise that consent to sexual violence might act as a defence or mitigating factor in cases which go to trial suggests that something understood as BDSM is recognized as a legitimate sexual practice by the courts. Recognizing the legitimacy of marginalized sexual practices can be understood as a progressive way to recognize individuals’ autonomy and freedom, within the contemporary neoliberal framework in which these cases play out. Campaigners against the judgement of the foundational Brown case make this clear (The Spanner Trust, n.d.). Yet, BDSM practice has also been mobilized to justify or diminish the significance of sexualized violence against women (Harman & Garnier, 2019, July 19).

This chapter navigates the line between these two priorities to interrogate the ways in which courts themselves interpret and understand BDSM. Gaining insight into how courts might be said to ‘operationalise’ BDSM, we can gain some insight into the role that consent plays in understanding sexual violence, including the work that consent has to do to turn an act of sexual violence into one of BDSM.

In order to do this work, I have acquired nine transcripts of crown court cases from 2010 to 2020 in which a ‘rough sex’ defence was used. Conducting a discourse analysis of how BDSM is imagined in these cases, in dialogue with previous I have conducted on consent and BDSM communities (Fanghanel, 2019, 2020), this chapter traces how knowledge about BDSM in created, and how this becomes used to affect justice outcomes.

Notable Social Studies Trade Book (NSSTB) lists include books selected annually by the Book Review Committee of the National Council for the Social Studies in conjunction with the Children’s Book Council. These lists are excellent resources for teachers who use children’s literature to support social studies instruction in their classrooms. We report our analysis of award-winning titles for primary grades published from 2001-2011. Biographies and books that address topics about families are featured as a starting place for primary grades teachers to begin incorporating NSSTB into their social studies instruction. We conclude by suggesting ways for primary grade teachers to utilize the book lists each year.

Assessment of executive functioning is an important element of a comprehensive assessment of intellectual abilities. Few assessments available are accessible for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) and none have population-specific norms. This paper aims to describe the adaptation of the behavioural assessment of dysexecutive syndrome (BADS).

Adaptations were made to the BADS tests to create the BADS – intellectual disabilities (BADS-ID). Data from three doctoral dissertations were combined to explore the utility, reliability, validity and component structure of the BADS-ID. Properties of the BADS-ID were compared with the Cambridge Executive Functioning Assessment (CEFA).

The BADS-ID is accessible to IQ range 50–70 and has a two-component structure. It has good inter-rater reliability, but poor internal consistency. It has a good face and content validity but evidence for concurrent and discriminative validity is weak. All properties are comparable to or better than the CEFA.

Further research is needed to improve reliability and validity. The development of an accessible test battery with known reliability and validity for individuals with ID should facilitate research into executive functioning in this population. There is the potential to develop population-specific norms from the data.

An accessible test battery for individuals with ID is helpful in clinical situations.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the adaptation of the BADS for use with individuals with ID.