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This study aims to investigate whether integrating environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices mediates the relationship between executive incentive compensation and the financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

This study used multiple regression models to analyze the effectiveness of ESG practices as a mediating variable in explaining the relationship between executive incentive compensation and banks’ financial performance between 2015 and 2021. The sample consisted of 57 Islamic and conventional banks operating in the MENA region, and the data were collected from the Thomson Reuters database (Data Stream).

This research paper showed the positive and significant mediating effect of the ESG practice on Banks’ financial performance. Thus, banks’ financial and stock market profitability is influenced by ESG information disclosure. This finding shows that taking ESG into account improves the relationship between executive incentive compensation and banks’ financial performance.

The results may interest academic researchers, regulators and policymakers and would support stakeholders and decision-makers who wish to discover how executive incentive compensation affects financial performance in banks.

This study contributes to previous literature by studying the mediating effect of ESG practices on the relationship between executive incentive compensation and banks’ financial performance. Indeed, the originality of this research paper is justified by the scarcity of studies and, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, constitutes one of the first attempts to examine this relationship via a mediating variable, i.e. ESG.

This research develops a comprehensive framework to enhance the functionality of medical equipment in hospitals, focusing on disease diagnosis contexts. By leveraging failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and Industry 4.0 tools, it aims to optimize healthcare services and patient treatment outcomes, particularly during crises like pandemics.

Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates Industry 4.0 and automation principles to develop and validate the framework. Utilizing a four-year failure database analyzed with R Programming, it implements preventive maintenance strategies such as the Preventive Maintenance Management System (PMMS) with FMEA. FMEA is implemented to systematically identify, assess and prioritize failure modes, enabling targeted mitigation strategies and improving equipment reliability. The framework is validated through empirical analysis and case studies, assessing operational efficiency, equipment importance and societal impact, with recommendations for future research on advanced maintenance methodologies.

The framework significantly reduces equipment failure rates (FR) and mean time to repair (MTTR), enhancing maintenance efficiency. Downtime decreases, especially for critical medical equipment like life-saving and diagnostic devices, resulting in a remarkable 95% increase in maintenance efficiency. The framework prioritizes and optimizes interventions for vital equipment, ultimately improving patient care and healthcare services.

The research presents a practical framework for enhancing medical equipment maintenance in Indian hospitals, particularly during disease diagnosis. Leveraging automation technologies, it reduces equipment failure risks, ensuring operational continuity even during pandemics. Improvements in diagnostic accuracy directly benefit patient care, with recommendations aimed at further advancing maintenance methodologies and enhancing healthcare delivery.

The research develops and validates the framework, employing FMEA to identify critical failures and integrating automation (Industry 4.0) to prioritize maintenance tasks. Post-implementation outcomes validate significant improvement, addressing existing gaps in medical equipment maintenance practices. This contributes to optimizing healthcare services and patient outcomes, particularly during critical disease diagnosis scenarios.

This study aims to propose a research model integrating technology acceptance model 3 (TAM3) constructs and human aspects of humanoid service robots (HSRs), measured by the Godspeed questionnaire series and tested across two hotel properties in Japan and the USA.

Potential participants were approached randomly by email invitation. A final sample size of 395 across two hotels, one in Japan and the other in the USA, was obtained, and the data were analysed using structural equation modelling.

The results confirm that perceived usefulness, driven by subjective norms and output quality, and perceived ease of use, driven by perceived enjoyment and absence of anxiety, are the immediate direct determinants of users’ re-patronage intentions for HSRs. Results also showed that users prefer anthropomorphism, perceived intelligence and the safety of an HSR for reusing it.

The findings have practical implications for the hospitality industry, suggesting multiple attributes of an HSRs that managers need to consider before deploying them in their properties.

The current study proposes an integrated model determining factors that affect the re-patronage of HSRs in hotels.