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Metal sprayed coatings, mainly zinc, are used within the CEGB for important steel structures requiring maintenance‐free protection. To the author's knowledge the very few failures experienced have been obviously linked to a very poor, or even non‐existent, standard of surface preparation. For example, areas of intact millscale were found beneath the metal coating.

A number of theoretical paradigms provide a networking space for the trio and complementary fields of comparative, international, and development educational (CIDE) research. Critics periodically attribute the field's lack of a sound theoretical base or commitment to one area of scientific research or another as a primary weakness in the field.¹ Espoused theoretical paradigms often provide the knowledge debate arena in which academic fields interact and build together. In an alternative perspective from this criticism, we argue that the strength of the CIDE field resides in its ability to combine multiple theoretical perspectives that offer researchers a variety of potentially fruitful metatheoretical analyses. Thus, we do not view this lack of theoretical specification as a weakness; it is the very fabric that enables CIDE educationists to study and represent increasingly complex global and local education systems.

This article is concerned primarily with corrosion and associated subjects as encountered at the two plants of The Dow Chemical Co., Freeport, Texas. The firm has an investment in this area in excess of $200 million (£71 million) and produces a variety of organic products, plastics, magnesium, bromine, chlorine and caustic soda as well as many related items. The plants are located about six miles apart on the coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico where climatic, physiographical and industrial conditions are such that corrosion control is imperative to successful operation. This is the first of two articles; the second part, pertaining to sea‐water corrosion, will appear in CORROSION TECHNOLOGY next month.

The UK Government has recognised for some time that the UK fund management industry would welcome the availability of a new form of investment vehicle, namely an open‐ended investment company. HM Treasury has recently issued draft regulations relating to the establishment and operation of such companies. This paper compares some other currently available investment vehicles and reviews the proposed legal framework for open‐ended investment companies.

The bonding of surface mounted components to printed wiring boards (PWBs) is critical to the high yield assembly of components to the PWB. This process is one of the last steps performed in a complicated manufacturing and assembly sequence. Poor bondability at this late stage of assembly produces costly scrap. Aggressive wet‐chemical processes may succeed in cleaning the residues from the metal bonding lands, but in the process the polymeric materials that surround the land areas may be mechanically or visually damaged. Even when processing is carefully controlled during the final formation of land areas in the conformal coating, a thin residue, often invisible to the eye, can partially or fully cover the bonding land area. The residue may be extremely thin, but it inhibits bonding and is very resistant to conventional wet‐chemical cleaning methods. Plasma chemical etching is the one chemical process which can remove the residue from the metal lands and restore bondability without damaging other surfaces of the ready‐to‐assemble PWB. This paper reports examples of plasma removed residues from PWB surface mount bonding lands. The land areas are defined in photodefinable conformal coatings by conventional photolithographic techniques and have a non‐visible surface residue which inhibits the subsequent plating or soldering of the copper land. Auger analyses of the copper land surfaces prior to plasma processing show significant carbon peaks indicative of a polymeric residue. Auger analyses of the copper land surfaces following plasma processing show that the strong carbon peaks are gone.

THE New Year will be momentous, whatever its course. The old one prepared us for that. Our space restrictions preclude more than the briefest glance over 1941. It was in some ways a year of destruction, as it was a year of holding on, and few thought it would end quite as favourably as it has done. Fine libraries have been destroyed, more have suffered damage, staffs have been depleted, and still more workers deflected to jobs thought to be more immediate. On the other hand, there has been at least verbal recognition by Government departments of the usefulness of libraries, even if it was accompanied by concessions that were of small value, as for example the postponement of the call up of an essential librarian for three months in order, forsooth, that his successor might be trained—an impossibility. There has been an enormous public use of libraries, which assures us that in the after‐war social structure our place is as certain as things human can be.

This article will discuss corrosion and associated subjects as encountered at the two plants of The Dow Chemical Co., Freeport, Texas. This firm has an investment in this area in excess of $200 million (£71 million) and produces a variety of organic products, plastics, magnesium, bromine, chlorine and caustic soda as well as many related items. The plants are located about six miles apart on the coastal plain of the Gulf of Mexico where climatic, physiographical and industrial conditions are such that corrosion control is imperative to successful operation. This is the second of two articles; the first featured atmospheric corrosion and painting, and appeared in CORROSION TECHNOLOGY last month.

LUBRICATING OILS HAVE SECONDARY functions ; they are coolants, for example, while in certain types of crankcase oils the composition is such that solid carbon particles are held in suspension and the lubricant is a “detergent”. In many delicate mechanisms the lubricant is expected to protect bright metal surfaces from atmospheric attack ; this is an important aspect of a lubricant's duties and serves to introduce a subject of wide interest. It is tacitly assumed that lubricating oils and greases—in their original, unchanged condition—provide a natural protection for the metal surfaces of the machines that they service and when usage conditions are such as to interfere with the protective action the lubricants are modified so as to restore it. The intrusion of water into steam turbine oils and the inhibitors added to these lubricants illustrate this typo of situation.

Discusses prevention of lead poisoning among US children, claiming that it is entirely preventable yet is the most common environmentally induced disease in children. Outlines the extent of the problem then focuses on legislation, what the various acts were meant to achieve, and how they can be enforced. Explains how sociological skills were used in the author’s work for the US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Indicates that sociologists can help in a number of fields not immediately linked to sociology.

It must be difficult for many to contemplate the numerous changes in progress and projected without wondering why it all has to happen now. Of course, there have always been with us those who would change everything, even those who would spoil; all seemingly unable to leave anything alone; unwillingly to let us be for what we are. Then there are those who dislike change of any kind in their familiar environment and strangely, children are the most conservative of us all, and others who do not object to change when it is necessary, but only when it is change merely for the sake of change. The changeover to the metric system, or to use one of the grating terms of the new technological language, metrication, must be accepted as a natural sequence to decimal currency and advances in industry. A revolution in weights and measures, it will indeed present very great problems throughout the country and at all levels, which will dwarf those presented by the switch to decimal coinage, for at worst, these may be just confusing to the general public and a price‐raiser in small‐value commodities, despite assurances to the contrary.