Karen Johnson and Jo Haythornthwaite
Press releases are a major means of communication between the government and the public, and yet they remain an under‐rated and neglected source of data. This paper describes the…
Abstract
Press releases are a major means of communication between the government and the public, and yet they remain an under‐rated and neglected source of data. This paper describes the functions fulfilled by press releases and seeks to evaluate their potential value to the information professions and to researchers by means of interviews with the press officers of two major government departments and two quangos.
CURRENTLY working up to its maximum production capacity in West Germany is a die forging press which is unique by any standard. This 30,000‐ton hydraulic press represents a major…
Abstract
CURRENTLY working up to its maximum production capacity in West Germany is a die forging press which is unique by any standard. This 30,000‐ton hydraulic press represents a major extension to the range of mechanical and hydraulic presses now being operated by Otto Fuchs, Metallwerke, of Meinerzhagen, West‐phalia—one of Europe's leading manufacturers of forgings and extrusions in non‐ferrous metals. Not only is this new press the largest in Europe but it is also the most powerful single‐cylinder die forging press in the world. Intended primarily for the production of forged aluminium parts for aeronautical applications and transport generally, the press offers designers throughout Europe the opportunity to design components of extremely large size and unusual shape which will possess superior strength characteristics resulting from the close control of grain flow which can be accomplished on this huge press. Apart from aluminium, it is anticipated that large forgings in magnesium, titanium and steel will also be produced on the 30,000‐ton press.
This article describes the Jewelform process which consists basically of a double‐acting hydraulic press in which is mounted a flask containing Jewelite alloy (a eutectic alloy of…
Abstract
This article describes the Jewelform process which consists basically of a double‐acting hydraulic press in which is mounted a flask containing Jewelite alloy (a eutectic alloy of bismuth, lead, tin and cadmium which melts at about 70 deg. C.). This press machine contains all the equipment necessary for the simultaneous casting, within the press, of matched pairs of press‐tools in a few hours. For each pressing, the user must make a pair of die plates and a master casting sample of the desired shape, which can be either a pressing from a previous run, a hand‐made sheet‐metal piece or a resin moulding. The production of a resin sample is described. Details are provided of the mode of operation of the Jewelform machine and its capabilities.
Creases are marks that are created and left in a fabric during garment wear. Pressing is a process to flatten garment panels and sharpen garment edges and pleats. To minimize…
Abstract
Creases are marks that are created and left in a fabric during garment wear. Pressing is a process to flatten garment panels and sharpen garment edges and pleats. To minimize crease, the fabric should recover after pressing without creating a creased edge. Whereas, good pressing performance means the creased edge stays sharp after pressing. Good crease recovery and pressing performance appear contradictory. However, crease recovery and pressing performance are different as creases are formed during wear and pressing is carried out using pressing equipment such as iron, pressing machines, etc. The condition, i.e. temperature and humidity, under which the creases are formed in wear and pressing are very different. The latter has much higher temperature, pressure and humidity. This paper reports on an experimental investigation on the relationship between the crease recovery and pressing performance of wool and other fabrics. It was found that there are only generally weak to moderate relationships between the crease recovery as measured by the Shirley Crease Recovery Tester and the pressing performance as measured by the Siro‐Press Tester. The characteristics of wool fabrics, which have both good crease recovery and pressing performance, are identified. This study is a step towards fabric engineering.
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The vacuum press when used for lamination of flex and rigid‐flex printed wiring boards produces boards which exhibit better dimensional stability and better fill characteristics…
Abstract
The vacuum press when used for lamination of flex and rigid‐flex printed wiring boards produces boards which exhibit better dimensional stability and better fill characteristics at lower pressures than when a conventional hydraulic platen press is used. This paper presents how lamination with a vacuum press differs from lamination with a hydraulic press and what results can be achieved with this new type of equipment technology.
Zbigniew Polinski and Wlodzimierz Wieczlak
Presents an original method of measurement of pressures on the working surfaces of clothing presses. It has been found that the mechanical properties of linings have a significant…
Abstract
Presents an original method of measurement of pressures on the working surfaces of clothing presses. It has been found that the mechanical properties of linings have a significant effect on the pressure distribution. Based on theoretical assumptions, a manner of selection of the lining for a technological task has been determined. Results of the experiments have confirmed the correctness of the assumptions made. The pressure distribution charts obtained also permit estimation of the effect of constructional errors of clothing presses on their effectiveness, particularly in the technology of glue joints.
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G. Wang, R. Postle, D.G. Phillips and W. Zhang
The press performance of a range of wool and wool blend fabrics has been investigated with the aid of a temperature adjustable hand steam iron, a domestic ironing board and a…
Abstract
The press performance of a range of wool and wool blend fabrics has been investigated with the aid of a temperature adjustable hand steam iron, a domestic ironing board and a thermocouple digital temperature display.It was found that for a press duration of 10 seconds, the fabric crease angle is reduced with the increasing press temperature. The sharpest reduction in crease angle was found in the temperature range of 80°C to 120°C for all fabrics tested.At 100°C iron temperature, the fabric crease angle was reduced with increasing press duration until 20 seconds for wool fabrics and until 30 seconds for wool blend fabrics.The initial regain, or in other words, the relative humidity of the ambient atmosphere used to precondition the samples, has an important influence on the press performance. It was also found that the fabric crease recovery was greater for increasing ambient relative humidity.The fabric regain was greatly reduced during the first 10 seconds pressing time with further very slow reduction in fabric regain until 80 seconds pressing time. The regain in the upper layer of the fabric specimen was always lower than that in the lower layer.
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Shows how customizing function keys can make adding, deleting andediting LDRs more efficient and effective. Reviews the steps forprogramming function keys, filling in the SCHD…
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Shows how customizing function keys can make adding, deleting and editing LDRs more efficient and effective. Reviews the steps for programming function keys, filling in the SCHD field for a new title, deleting an LDR, possible candidates for function keys, and safe computing practices.
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Russell Cropanzano, Marion Fortin and Jessica F. Kirk
Justice rules are standards that serve as criteria for formulating fairness judgments. Though justice rules play a role in the organizational justice literature, they have seldom…
Abstract
Justice rules are standards that serve as criteria for formulating fairness judgments. Though justice rules play a role in the organizational justice literature, they have seldom been the subject of analysis in their own right. To address this limitation, we first consider three meta-theoretical dualities that are highlighted by justice rules – the distinction between justice versus fairness, indirect versus direct measurement, and normative versus descriptive paradigms. Second, we review existing justice rules and organize them into four types of justice: distributive (e.g., equity, equality), procedural (e.g., voice, consistent treatment), interpersonal (e.g., politeness, respectfulness), and informational (e.g., candor, timeliness). We also emphasize emergent rules that have not received sufficient research attention. Third, we consider various computation models purporting to explain how justice rules are assessed and aggregated to form fairness judgments. Fourth and last, we conclude by reviewing research that enriches our understanding of justice rules by showing how they are cognitively processed. We observe that there are a number of influences on fairness judgments, and situations exist in which individuals do not systematically consider justice rules.