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Structures play a very important role in developing pressure sensors with good sensitivity and linearity, as they undergo deformation to the input pressure and function as the primary sensing element of the sensor. To achieve high sensitivity, thinner diaphragms are required; however, excessively thin diaphragms may induce large deflection and instability, leading to the unfavorable performances of a sensor in terms of linearity and repeatability. Thereby, importance is given to the development of innovative structures that offer good linearity and sensitivity. This paper aims to investigate the sensitivity of a bossed diaphragm coupled fixed guided beam three-dimensional (3D) structure for pressure sensor applications.

The proposed sensor comprises of mainly two sensing elements: the first being the 3D mechanical structure made of bulk silicon consisting of boss square diaphragm along with a fixed guided beam landing on to its center, forming the primary sensing element, and the diffused piezoresistors, which form the secondary sensing element, are embedded in the tensile and compression regions of the fixed guided beam. This micro mechanical 3 D structure is packaged for applying input pressure to the bottom of boss diaphragm. The sensor without pressure load has no deflection of the diaphragm; hence, no strain is observed on the fixed guided beam and also there is no change in the output voltage. When an input pressure P is applied through the pressure port, there is a deformation in the diaphragm causing a deflection, which displaces the mass and the fixed guided beam vertically, causing strain on the fixed guided beam, with tensile strain toward the guided end and compressive strain toward the fixed end of the close magnitudes. The geometrical dimensions of the structure, such as the diaphragm, boss and fixed guided beam, are optimized for linearity and maximum strain for an applied input pressure range of 0 to 10 bar. The structure is also analyzed analytically, numerically and experimentally, and the results are compared.

The structure offers equal magnitudes of tensile and compressive stresses on the surface of the fixed guided beam. It also offers good linearity and sensitivity. The analytical, simulation and experimental studies of this sensor are introduced and the results correlate with each other. Customized process steps are followed wherein two silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers are fusion bonded together, with SOI-1 wafer used to realize the diaphragm along with the boss and SOI-2 wafer to realize the fixed guided beam, leading to formation of a 3D structure. The geometrical dimensions of the structure, such as the diaphragm, boss and fixed guided beam, are optimized for linearity and maximum strain for an applied input pressure range of 0 to10 bar.

This paper presents a unique and compact 3D micro-mechanical structure pressure sensor with a rigid center square diaphragm (boss diaphragm) and a fixed guided beam landing at its center, with diffused piezoresistors embedded in the tensile and compression regions of the fixed guided beam. A total of six masks were involved to realize and fabricate the 3D structure and the sensor, which is presumed to be the first of its kind in the fabrication of MEMS-based piezoresistive pressure sensor.

The main focus of the present study was threefold. Firstly, extraction of the data from the Library and Information Science (LIS) Links; secondly, pre-process the data to remove noises on maximum parameters; and lastly, to know the polarity of the discussion posted on LIS Links.

The advancement in the internet and Web 2.0 technologies have facilitated the academic community with many online platforms like Q&A sites, mailing lists, discussion forums, etc. for disseminating or seeking information. LIS Links is one such discussion forum commonly used by Indian LIS professionals. The analysis of these discussions can help in knowing the experience of LIS professionals in different aspects. The present study is based on a lexicon-based approach, which works on the bag of word model. The open source environment R and its different packages were used for the analysis.

The analysis shows that the majority of the posts on LIS Links were discussed with positive sentiments. There were only very few words of negative sentiments on the discussion forum of LIS Links.

The above review of the literature shows that there have been many studies in different domains. The user responses on different platforms were explored. Also, some studies have conducted sentiment analysis in LIS. However, this was limited to content posted by the libraries or the reviews of books. No research was found in the published literature on the analysis of the opinion of LIS professional.

Social entrepreneurship (SE) has been a field of research that has interested researchers for over 30 years. However, there is no consensus on the concept of SE, and research in this field moves in several directions. The purpose of this study is to summarize the definitions of SE, propose a unified definition of SE and describe the state-of-the-art of SE in the Latin American context.

This study carries out a literature review on SE from 2010 to 2020 to explore the main topics in the SE field, searching, reviewing and selecting the most representative articles published.

The findings of this study suggest agreements and disagreements in the main topics of SE and reveal a significant gap in the SE research in the Latin American scenario.

This study contributes to the future growth of SE literature under a common umbrella that allows for more and better knowledge in this field and proposes a novel research agenda for the SE field in Latin America.

El emprendimiento social (ES) ha sido un campo de investigación que ha interesado a los investigadores durante más de 30 años. Sin embargo, no hay consenso sobre el concepto de ES, y la investigación en este campo se mueve en varias direcciones. El objetivo de este estudio es resumir las definiciones de ES, proponer una definición unificada de ES y describir el estado del arte del ES en el contexto latinoamericano.

Este estudio realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre ES desde 2010 hasta 2020 para explorar los principales temas en el campo del emprendimiento social, buscando, revisando y seleccionando los artículos publicados más representativos del área.

Los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren acuerdos y desacuerdos en los principales temas del ES y revelan una importante brecha en la investigación del ES en el escenario latinoamericano

Esta investigación contribuye al crecimiento futuro de la literatura de ES bajo un paraguas común que permita un mayor y mejor conocimiento en este campo y propone una novedosa agenda de investigación para el campo del ES en América Latina.

O empreendedorismo social (ES) tem sido um campo de investigação que tem interessado os investigadores há mais de 30 anos. Contudo, não há consenso sobre o conceito de ES, e a investigação neste campo move-se em várias direcções. O objectivo deste estudo é resumir as definições de ES, propor uma definição unificada de ES e descrever o estado da arte de ES no contexto latino-americano.

Este estudo efectua uma revisão da literatura da ES de 2010 a 2020 para explorar as principais questões no campo do empreendedorismo social, procurando, revendo e seleccionando os artigos publicados mais representativos na área.

Os resultados deste estudo sugerem concordância e desacordo sobre as principais questões relacionadas com o ES e revelam uma importante lacuna na investigação sobre o ES no contexto latino-americano.

Esta investigação contribui para o crescimento futuro da literatura sobre o ES sob um guarda-chuva comum que permite mais e melhor conhecimento neste campo e propõe uma nova agenda de investigação para o campo do ES na América Latina.

Fraud transaction detection has become a significant factor in the communication technologies and electronic commerce systems, as it affects the usage of electronic payment. Even though, various fraud detection methods are developed, enhancing the performance of electronic payment by detecting the fraudsters results in a great challenge in the bank transaction.

This paper aims to design the fraud detection mechanism using the proposed Harris water optimization-based deep recurrent neural network (HWO-based deep RNN). The proposed fraud detection strategy includes three different phases, namely, pre-processing, feature selection and fraud detection. Initially, the input transactional data is subjected to the pre-processing phase, where the data is pre-processed using the Box-Cox transformation to remove the redundant and noise values from data. The pre-processed data is passed to the feature selection phase, where the essential and the suitable features are selected using the wrapper model. The selected feature makes the classifier to perform better detection performance. Finally, the selected features are fed to the detection phase, where the deep recurrent neural network classifier is used to achieve the fraud detection process such that the training process of the classifier is done by the proposed Harris water optimization algorithm, which is the integration of water wave optimization and Harris hawks optimization.

Moreover, the proposed HWO-based deep RNN obtained better performance in terms of the metrics, such as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity with the values of 0.9192, 0.7642 and 0.9943.

An effective fraud detection method named HWO-based deep RNN is designed to detect the frauds in the bank transaction. The optimal features selected using the wrapper model enable the classifier to find fraudulent activities more efficiently. However, the accurate detection result is evaluated through the optimization model based on the fitness measure such that the function with the minimal error value is declared as the best solution, as it yields better detection results.

The aim of this paper is to understand how, in tough economic times, British‐owned, English language newspapers such as The Pioneer received and filtered news, especially gender‐related and nationalist‐related events and thinking.

Using qualitative and quantitative methods to assess communications by and about pro‐nationalist women, coverage of female activities was categorised into two groups: first, educational, social and peaceful campaigns and second, direct action such as strikes, burning of British cloth and business/land rent boycotts.

Direct action provided “bad news” coverage, but it simultaneously gave a small window for publicity. Less threatening peaceful campaigns provided a bigger window – enhanced by the novelty value of female activism.

Historians need to look specifically at Indian newspapers during the struggle for independence for a counter‐hegemonic discourse that reached a wide public. When evidence of women's activism is paired with financial news, it becomes clear that women had a negative impact on British business. Furthermore, The Pioneer's own business dilemmas made the paper part of the economic and ideological maelstrom that it reported on.

This is the first time that the colonial press in India itself has been scrutinised in detail on the subject of the rising nationalist movement and women. Findings underline female influence on both economics and ideology – a neglected aspect of Indian gender scholarship and economic history.

On 20 March 2020, the four adult convicts of the 2012 Delhi rape case were executed after a long debate regarding the punishment for their crime. The Delhi rape case, unlike others, was also given to the fast track court because of the worldwide outrage India received in its aftermath. Otherwise, most rape survivors rarely speak out and if they do, their lives are often endangered and threatened, depending on the severity of the case itself and the perpetrator's rank in the society. Through the analysis of Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury's, 2016 film Pink, and Ajay Bahl's film Section 375 (2019), this chapter explores the different ways in which mainstream Hindi cinema deals with such questions, especially in its depictions of courts. Both these films foreground India's contemporary cultural systems of fear that silence the rape survivors. They also imply that in the court cases, unless the specific court case faces intense global publicity, as was the case of the Delhi gang rape, rape survivors will never want to speak out. Moreover, the rape survivors will also hesitate to file a First Information Report (FIR) – a document that records crimes by the police against their perpetrators – limiting any possibility for justice for them. The laws surrounding rape cases are obscure and complex and finding justice for a rape victim (unless it is on a global level) is not an easy venture in India. At the time of the #metoo movement, the rape laws in India are not designed in such a way to arguably encourage victim-survivors to speak up. Instead, if rape survivors do decide to confront their perpetrators, they not only face ostracisation from society but also the danger of losing loved ones and endanger their lives as well.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a scale for the measurement of service quality at the manufacturer–doctor interface of the pharmaceutical supply chain and to study the impact of service quality on doctor’s satisfaction and doctor’s prescribing behavior. Doctors from two major states of South India were selected for the study. A doctor perceived service quality scale with three dimensions having eight items was developed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the pharmaceutical context. Structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used to show the relationship between service quality, satisfaction and prescribing behavior. The critical factors of service quality were identified, and a model was developed showing the relationship between service quality, doctor’s satisfaction and doctor’s prescribing behavior which has not been explored in any research. This model will be helpful in further development of new concepts and for analyzing the reasons for the failure of doctors in providing quality service. 

A total of 200 doctors from three major cities of South India were selected. A doctor perceived service quality scale with three dimensions having eight items was developed through CFA using Parasuraman Service quality scale (Parasuraman, 1985, 1986, 1988) as the basis in the pharmaceutical context after focus group discussions with company experts, retailers, doctors and academicians. SEM technique was used to examine the impact of service quality on doctor’s satisfaction and prescribing behavior.

There is no universal set of dimensions and items that determine service quality in manufacturing industries, especially at the manufacturer–doctor interface of the pharmaceutical supply chain though service quality plays a very important role in affecting the performance of manufacturing industries. The critical factors affecting the quality of service for a pharmaceutical company at the manufacturer–doctor interface of the supply chain were identified, and its impact on doctor’s satisfaction and their prescribing behavior were studied.

This research contributes to the development of service quality scale for measuring service quality in pharmaceutical manufacturing company, especially with reference to manufacturer–doctor interface of the supply chain which was not thoroughly explored earlier. A model was developed showing the positive relationship between service quality and doctor’s satisfaction and doctor’s prescribing behavior in pharmaceutical supply chain which is a new concept not proved experimentally.

The study is very useful for the pharmaceutical manufacturing companies to identify the service quality factors affecting doctor’s satisfaction and their prescribing behavior thereby leading to development of new measures for improving the performance of the pharmaceutical supply chain. This study can lead to identification of problems involved in pharmaceutical supply chain and also leads to generation of new ideas and development of new concepts for influencing doctor’s satisfaction and doctor’s prescribing behavior which in turn can help in providing better health.

This study actually has a direct impact on the society. If factors affecting doctor’s satisfaction and prescribing behavior are identified automatically, the end consumer, i.e. patient, can be satisfied in a better way, and better medical care can be provided. If doctor’s problems are identified, then better solutions can be provided to patients; this in turn has a lot of positive impact on the pharmaceutical company and society in general.

This research will act as a base for generating ideas relating to how quality service provided by a company will have an impact on doctor’s satisfaction and his prescribing behavior in pharmaceutical supply chain .To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind of the conceptual aspects of service quality, satisfaction and loyalty explained in terms of pharmaceutical supply chain as service quality, doctor’s satisfaction and doctor’s prescribing behavior and proved experimentally.