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The effectiveness of independent directors in making autonomous decisions for better corporate governance in organizations has often been questioned. This paper aims to investigate their role in company’s decision making in India and the reasons behind their ineffectiveness.

This paper examines the regulatory environment and ongoing reforms in which independent directors operate. It identifies crucial factors such as ownership patterns, the appointment and selection process that affect their autonomy. The analysis draws from newspaper articles, blogs, India’s regulatory requirements, The Companies Act and relevant related literature.

The findings reveal that the independence of directors remains largely in form but not in function. This paper recommends a fair and more robust selection through an independent authority, and disclosure of the resignations of independent directors. Independent directors should be given more powers and their risk-reward scheme should be analyzed.

The paper emphasizes the need for independent directors to be truly independent from the senior management, promoters, and other existing directors. It calls for tighter and more transparent appointment procedures to ensure that independent directors are not influenced by senior management and can bring objectivity to the company board.

Although the Net Promoter Score (NPS) index is simple, NPS has weaknesses that make NPS's interpretation misleading. The main criticism is that identical index values can correspond to different levels of customer loyalty. This makes difficult to determine whether the company is improving/deteriorating in two different years. The authors describe the application of statistical tools to establish whether identical values may/may not be considered similar under statistical hypotheses.

Equal NPSs with a “similar” component composition should have a two-way table satisfying marginal homogeneity hypothesis. The authors compare the marginals using a cumulative marginal logit model that assumes a proportional odds structure: the model has the same effect for each logit. Marginal homogeneity corresponds to null effect. If the marginal homogeneity hypothesis is rejected, the cumulative odds ratio becomes a tool for measuring the proportionality between the odds.

The authors propose an algorithm that helps managers in their decision-making process. The authors' methodology provides a statistical tool to recognize customer base compositions. The authors suggest a statistical test of the marginal distribution homogeneity of the table representing the index compositions at two times. Through the calculation of cumulative odds ratios, the authors discriminate against the hypothesis of equality of the NPS.

The authors' contribution provides a statistical alternative that can be easily implemented by business operators to fill the known shortcomings of the index in the customer satisfaction's context. This paper confirms that although a single number summarizes and communicates a complex situation very quickly, the number is ambiguous and unreliable if not accompanied by other tools.

The metaverse is reshaping the fashion industry, offering new insights into innovation diffusion. This study aims to examine how perceived innovation characteristics influence unrestrained buying behavior, using flow as a mediator. By integrating innovation diffusion and flow theory, it explores how technostress and self-control moderate the impact of innovation characteristics on flow.

A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted using multistage sampling to examine unrestrained purchase behavior. Data from 457 Asian consumers were collected via surveys and analyzed using SPSS 22.0, AMOS V.24 and MACRO PROCESS.

This study indicates that although the metaverse website’s perceived characteristics of innovation increase user flow and encourage unrestrained buying behavior, technostress and self-control weaken the relationship between how users perceive innovation (in terms of its benefits like relative advantage and compatibility) and their ability to experience flow. However, when it comes to complexity, both technostress and self-control do not significantly moderate the relationship between complexity and flow.

This study reveals how metaverse innovation is reshaping Asian consumers’ views of the fashion industry. It helps marketers and advertisers understand the metaverse’s impact on unrestrained buying behavior and its growing importance for the fashion sector.

This study offers a framework for understanding how Asian consumers’ adoption of metaverse technology is transforming the fashion industry. It adds to the literature by assessing innovation attributes and their impact on unrestrained purchasing in virtual worlds.

El Metaverso está remodelando la industria de la moda, ofreciendo nuevas perspectivas sobre la difusión de la innovación. Este estudio examina cómo las características percibidas de la innovación influyen en el comportamiento de compra sin restricciones, utilizando el flujo como mediador. Al integrar la Teoría de la Difusión de la Innovación y la Teoría del Flujo, explora cómo el tecnostres y el autocontrol moderan el impacto de las características de innovación sobre el flujo.

Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo y transversal utilizando muestreo por etapas múltiples para examinar el comportamiento de compra sin restricciones. Se recolectaron datos de 457 consumidores asiáticos a través de encuestas y se analizaron utilizando SPSS 22.0, AMOS V.24 y MACRO PROCESS.

El estudio indica que, aunque las características percibidas de la innovación del sitio web del metaverso aumentan el flujo de los usuarios y fomentan el comportamiento de compra sin restricciones, el tecnostres y el autocontrol debilitan la relación entre cómo los usuarios perciben la innovación (en términos de sus beneficios como ventaja relativa y compatibilidad) y su capacidad para experimentar flujo. Sin embargo, en lo que respecta a la complejidad, tanto el tecnostres como el autocontrol no moderan significativamente la relación entre la complejidad y el flujo.

El estudio revela cómo la innovación en el Metaverso está remodelando las percepciones de los consumidores asiáticos sobre la industria de la moda. Ayuda a los profesionales del marketing y la publicidad a comprender el impacto del Metaverso en el comportamiento de compra sin restricciones y su creciente importancia para el sector de la moda.

Este estudio ofrece un marco para comprender cómo la adopción de la tecnología del metaverso por los consumidores asiáticos está transformando la industria de la moda. Aporta a la literatura evaluando los atributos de innovación y su impacto en las compras sin restricciones en mundos virtuales.

元宇宙正在重塑时尚产业, 并为创新扩散提供了新的见解。本研究探讨感知创新特征如何影响无节制购买行为, 并将“心流”作为中介变量。此外, 研究融合了创新扩散理论与心流理论, 进一步分析技术压力与自我控制如何调节创新特征对心流的影响。

本研究采用横断面定量研究方法, 并运用多阶段抽样策略以考察无节制购买行为。通过问卷调查收集了来自457名亚洲消费者的数据, 并利用SPSS 22.0、AMOS V.24和MACRO PROCESS进行数据分析。

研究结果表明, 元宇宙网站的感知创新特征能够增强用户的心流体验, 从而促进无节制购买行为。然而, 技术压力与自我控制削弱了用户对创新的感知（如相对优势和兼容性）与其心流体验之间的关系。然而, 在复杂性维度上, 技术压力与自我控制对复杂性与心流之间的关系并未表现出显著的调节作用。

本研究揭示了元宇宙创新如何重塑亚洲消费者对时尚产业的认知, 为营销人员和广告商提供了关于元宇宙如何影响无节制购买行为的见解, 并凸显了其在时尚行业日益增长的重要性。

本研究构建了一个分析框架, 以理解亚洲消费者对元宇宙技术的采纳如何推动时尚产业的变革。研究通过评估创新特征及其对虚拟世界中无节制购买行为的影响, 进一步丰富了相关文献。

Sarcasm is a linguistic expression that usually carries the opposite meaning of what is being said by words, thus making it difficult for machines to discover the actual meaning. It is mainly distinguished by the inflection with which it is spoken, with an undercurrent of irony, and is largely dependent on context, which makes it a difficult task for computational analysis. Moreover, sarcasm expresses negative sentiments using positive words, allowing it to easily confuse sentiment analysis models. This paper aims to demonstrate the task of sarcasm detection using the approach of machine and deep learning.

For the purpose of sarcasm detection, machine and deep learning models were used on a data set consisting of 1.3 million social media comments, including both sarcastic and non-sarcastic comments. The data set was pre-processed using natural language processing methods, and additional features were extracted and analysed. Several machine learning models, including logistic regression, ridge regression, linear support vector and support vector machines, along with two deep learning models based on bidirectional long short-term memory and one bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT)-based model, were implemented, evaluated and compared.

The performance of machine and deep learning models was compared in the task of sarcasm detection, and possible ways of improvement were discussed. Deep learning models showed more promise, performance-wise, for this type of task. Specifically, a state-of-the-art model in natural language processing, namely, BERT-based model, outperformed other machine and deep learning models.

This study compared the performance of the various machine and deep learning models in the task of sarcasm detection using the data set of 1.3 million comments from social media.

Personality profiling in today’s business world has become an essential organisational development practice targeted at identifying a set of employees' traits, which differentiate an employee from one another. Given the assumption that personality traits form an essential indicator of developing the potential of an individual workforce, possible to establish how employees function in a certain job role and their suitability for the particular tasks in an organisation. This study aims to explore the relationship between personality traits, assessment centres (ACs) quality and management development in Nigeria telecommunication organisation among its managers.

The study employed multi-stage sampling techniques and further stratified the hierarchy of the management and finally used a simple random sampling strategy on each stratum. A combination of 482 managers in Nigerian telecommunication organisations participated in this study. The study investigated 12 hypotheses and 1 mediating postulation. Multiple scales were adapted to measure dimensions of endogenous and exogenous variables along the path of mediating variables of the study. The study employed a cross-sectional survey approach to administering the research instrument across all the departments among the managers of the organisations. A structural equation model of assessment was used to analyse the data collected from managers of the telecoms organisations.

The outcome of the study was significant, 10 of the postulated hypotheses were found to be significant while 3 were not significant. The study revealed that a combination of openness to experience, conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness and extraversion personality have no significant relationship with the AC. Also, employees who are high in neuroticism like being emotionally unstable did not find a significant relationship with the AC. In a similar situation, the combined effect of all the big-five personalities was not significant in management development among the managers of the telecommunication industry. The AC is discovered to mediate between personality traits and management development. Individually, the big-five model finds a significant relationship with AC and management development, respectively.

The study is restricted to managers of the Nigerian telecoms industry alone and not all the entire workforce. It adopted cross-sectional analysis to make an inference on all the managers of the organisations. The implication is that the period of the view of a particular point in a sequence of the event may not be representative. Another implication is that the results from the cross-sectional design are for the relationship, and they do not indicate causation.

In practice, this study has shown that personality profiling is important to managing organisational behaviour to highlight a set of traits of employees suitable for peculiar roles. This study implies that personality elements constitute a vital signal of the potential development of the workforce. It helps to illuminate an individual functioning style in a certain task situation, therefore determining both professional and managerial suitability in performing a given role.