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The purpose of this study was to explore the phenomenon of leadership development as experienced by non-government organization (NGO) executive leaders in international agricultural development. Data were collected from twelve executive NGO leaders through in-depth interviews to understand the textural and structural essences of the participants’ lived experiences of leadership development. Findings indicated the integral role of mentoring in leadership development prior to obtaining an executive leadership role and supported the conceptual model inclusive of mentoring as a mediating factor of efficacious leadership development. The study provided implications and future research recommendations for executive leaders in international agricultural development, as well as for leadership educators and practitioners.

This study aims to examine the interrelationships between social media marketing activities, self-brand connections, brand equity, trust and loyalty.

A total of 402 valid responses were collected from Amazon MTurk, and the data were subjected to partial least squares structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).

Findings indicate that social media marketing activities strongly and positively influence self-brand connection, brand equity and brand trust. Moreover, brand loyalty was strongly and positively influenced by self-brand connection, brand equity and brand trust. Moreover, the findings from fsQCA indicate that three causal paths lead to a high level of brand loyalty, and one causal path determines a low level of brand loyalty.

This research extends current knowledge by bridging the literature between social media marketing activities and branding using self-brand connections. Additionally, this study uses the strength of two complimentary methods – symmetrical and asymmetrical modeling – to uncover how social media marketing activities bridge customer-brand relationships.

Este estudio examina las interrelaciones entre las actividades de marketing en redes sociales, las conexiones de marca propia, el valor de la marca, la confianza y la lealtad.

Se recopilaron 402 respuestas válidas de Amazon MTurk, y los datos fueron sometidos a PLS-SEM y análisis cualitativo comparativo con conjuntos difusos (fsQCA).

Los resultados indican que las actividades de marketing en redes sociales influyen fuertemente y de manera positiva en la conexión de marca propia, el valor de la marca y la confianza en la marca. Además, la lealtad a la marca es influenciada fuerte y positivamente por la conexión de marca propia, el valor de la marca y la confianza en la marca. Además, los resultados de fsQCA indican que tres vías causales conducen a un alto nivel de lealtad a la marca, y una determina un bajo nivel de lealtad a la marca.

Esta investigación amplía el conocimiento actual al vincular la literatura entre las actividades de marketing en redes sociales y el branding utilizando conexiones de marca propia. Además, este estudio utiliza dos métodos complementarios – modelado simétrico y asimétrico – para descubrir cómo las actividades de marketing en redes sociales construyen las relaciones entre cliente y marca.

本研究探讨社交媒体营销活动、自我品牌连接、品牌资产、信任和忠诚度之间的相互关系。

从亚马逊MTurk收集了402个有效回复, 并对数据进行了PLS-SEM和模糊集合质性比较分析 (fsQCA) 的处理。

研究发现, 社交媒体营销活动对自我品牌连接、品牌资产和品牌信任产生了强烈而积极的影响。此外, 自我品牌连接、品牌资产和品牌信任也对品牌忠诚度产生了强烈而积极的影响。fsQCA的结果显示, 导致高水平品牌忠诚度的有三条因果路径, 而导致低水平品牌忠诚度的有一条因果路径。

本研究通过构建社交媒体营销活动与品牌之间的桥梁, 利用自我品牌连接, 扩展了当前知识。此外, 利用对称和非对称建模两种互补方法的优势, 揭示了社交媒体营销活动如何建立客户品牌关系。

Corporate-NGO partnerships are gaining increasing importance as part of a company's CSR effort. This study aims to understand which communication tactics (CSR motive, CSR message frame, CSR fit) lead to more positive consumer outcomes in the context of corporate-NGO partnerships, and whether consumer skepticism and consumer trust mediate the proposed relationships.

An online experiment was conducted (N = 298) to examine the theoretical predictions, involving a 2 (CSR motive: firm-serving/public-serving) x 2 (CSR message frame: narrative/expositive) x 2 (CSR fit: high/low) between-subjects design.

The results confirmed that consumer attitudes and electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) can be affected by CSR motives and CSR fit. Also, CSR skepticism and consumer trust both mediate the relationship of CSR motives and consumer outcomes.

The results of this study make a strong case for expressing public-serving CSR motives and refraining from firm-serving CSR motives when communicating about a corporate-NGO partnership to consumers.

Focusing on the communication tactics of corporate-NGO partnerships extends existing literature by uncovering whether and how the factors driving effective communication in other CSR activities can be applied to the context of corporate-NGO partnerships.

This paper is a dedication to Professor Ngo Van Long who introduced the idea of Kant–Nash equilibrium. The author extends this analysis to the study of adult and child labor markets.

This is a game theoretic analysis of the market for adult and child workers when some firms behave in the neoclassical Nashian way and some firms follow a Kantian social norm.

The presence of Kantian firms in the output market in addition to Nashian lowers industry output and labor demand. This raises the possibility that Kantian behavior in the output market could lower wages sufficiently and increase the incidence of child labor. If firms engage in Kantian behavior in the labor market by not hiring child workers, adult wage rises but could lower child wage as children if they work can only work for Nashian firms. When labor demand is sufficiently high, more Kantians could raise adult wage above subsistence and eliminate child labor supply.

This is the first paper to apply Kant–Nash equilibrium to the labor market. The result that Kantian behavior could have an unintended negative spillover effect in other markets is new. The paper keeps alive the ideas of Professor Long, which hopefully will stimulate further work and build on his ideas.

The purpose of this paper is to incorporate risk in technical efficiency of ASEAN banks in a panel data framework for the period 2000 to 2015.

The directional distance function and semi-parametric framework are employed to estimate efficiency scores for two scenarios, one with only good outputs and the other with a combination of good and bad outputs.

The findings show there is no evidence of technological progress for banks in ASEAN and concerns about the outperformance of Vietnam’s banks. In addition, performance of Vietnam’s banks tends to be distorted by low level of loan loss reserves.

To reflect the true performance and shorten the period of removing bad assets, the State Bank of Vietnam can request banks in Vietnam to book more loan loss reserves.

By examining such a new approach, this study makes an early attempt to incorporate credit risk into the banking efficiency in ASEAN region.