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This study aims to establish a multi-physics-coupled model for an electrostatic particulate matter (PM) sensor. The focus lies on investigating the deposition patterns of particles within the sensor and the variation in the regeneration temperature field.

Computational simulations were initially conducted to analyse the distribution of particles under different temperature and airflow conditions. The study investigates how particles deposit within the sensor and explores methods to expedite the combustion of deposited particles for subsequent measurements.

The results indicate that a significant portion of the particles, approximately 61.8% of the total deposited particles, accumulates on the inside of the protective cover. To facilitate rapid combustion of these deposited particles, a ceramic heater was embedded within the metal shielding layer and tightly integrated with the high-voltage electrode. Silicon nitride ceramic, selected for its high strength, elevated temperature stability and excellent thermal conductivity, enables a relatively fast heating rate, ensuring a uniform temperature field distribution. Applying 27 W power to the silicon nitride heater rapidly raises the gas flow region's temperature within the sensor head to achieve a high-temperature regeneration state. Computational results demonstrate that within 200 s of heater operation, the sensor's internal temperature can exceed 600 °C, effectively ensuring thorough combustion of the deposited particles.

This study presents a novel approach to address the challenges associated with particle deposition in electrostatic PM sensors. By integrating a ceramic heater with specific material properties, the study proposes an effective method to expedite particle combustion for enhanced sensor performance.

This study explores how controlling leadership behaviors, such as authoritarian leadership and abusive supervision, affect police officers’ proactive behavior. Specifically, it examines how perceived powerlessness mediates the relationship between these leadership styles and officers’ proactive behavior.

We employed structural equation modeling with partial least squares analysis to test our hypotheses, utilizing a sample of police officers employed within a regional police institution in Indonesia.

The findings of this study indicate that both authoritarian leadership and abusive supervision have the potential to diminish or impede the proactive behavior of police officers by shaping their perception of powerlessness.

This study contributes to the broader understanding of how leader-controlling behaviors, such as authoritarian leadership and abusive supervision, impact the proactive behavior of police officers within the specific context of Indonesia.

The purpose of this study is to measure financial inclusion (FI) and to examine the role of digital financial literacy (DFL) and its components, and various socio-demographics in relation to FI. In addition, the mediating effect of digital financial attitudes (DFA) on the relationship between digital financial knowledge (DFK) and digital financial behaviour (DFB), as well mediating effect of DFA and DFB on the relationship between DFK and FI, is being explored.

Using a cross-sectional research design, we utilize a dataset from the survey of adults’ financial literacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina, collected from the representative sample of 1,096 adults in 2022. The main methodology relies on logistic and ordinal logistic regression analyses and PROCESS for mediation analyses.

The findings suggest that the effect of DFK on DFB is partially mediated by DFA. In addition, the effect of DFK on FI is fully mediated through three pathways: DFA, DFB, and DFA and DFB in serial mediation. Age, education, employment status and residence are significantly related to FI. Internet access is significant only for FI scores but not for adults’ banking status. Although women are almost twice as unbanked as men, we find no gender-based differences in financial product holdings, FI or adults’ banking status.

There is a need to enhance DFK and DFA to enable adults to use financial products. Financial institutions could use our results in designing and promoting their services.

Policy implications are seen in the need for developing national strategies for financial education, with an emphasis on strengthening DFL, especially DFK and DFA, which will enhance the formal FI of adults. Also, governments should work on expanding Internet access.

The results make a contribution to the theory of planned behaviour. They contribute to the limited empirical evidence of the mediating role of DFA in relationship to DFB, as well as the mediating role of DFA and DFB in relationship to FI.

A case study of Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR) in Malawi explores its contribution to improving food security and nutrition using varied genetic resources and plant-based diets. The chapter articulates specific examples of research and outreach activities conducted to improve availability, access, and consumption of safe and quality food to reduce undernutrition. Malawi, together with other countries, adopted the global 2030 sustainable development goals (SDGs) during the United Nations General Assembly in September 2015 to transform the world, end poverty and inequality, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy health, justice, and prosperity. SDG2 is on ending hunger, achieving food security, improving nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture. Malawi has made significant progress and is on track to achieving SDG number 2 by 2030, and LUANAR has contributed to this achievement in multiple ways. The university has academic programmes and carries out research in various areas of agriculture and natural resources that relate directly to SGD 2. The faculty of Food and Human Sciences champions training, research, and innovation on food and nutrition at the university. The chapter concludes by reiterating that government leadership, support from development partners, and collaboration with the academic, research, and private sectors are key to success. The research models, impact, and challenges presented in the chapter have relevance and potential for wider application in the developing world.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is permeating many facets of our daily lives, appearing in household appliances, cell phones and popular online apps. AI has the capacity to revolutionize teaching and learning processes in higher education institutions. The integration of AI technologies in education can lead to personalized learning experiences, improved educational quality and enhanced learning outcomes. However, the adoption of AI in higher education comes with challenges such as ethical considerations and the need to address equity and inclusion issues to ensure that all students benefit from AI advancements. This chapter considers how AI can be utilized in education, while acknowledging the challenges and finding ways to mitigate them. Useful tools include: Bespoke Learning, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Grading, Collaborative, Learning Assistance, Research Support and Adaptive Learning. The challenges addressed are: ethical considerations, resistance to change and data security and privacy. In navigating the complexities of integrating AI in higher education, institutions must strike a balance between leveraging the transformative potential of AI technologies and addressing the ethical, social and technical challenges that accompany their implementation. By prioritizing ethical considerations, addressing resistance to change and safeguarding data security and privacy, higher education institutions can harness the benefits of AI to enhance teaching and learning practices, foster innovation and prepare students for success in the digital age.

This paper aims to identify the effectiveness, student perceptions and impacts of integrating comics into the English as a foreign language (EFL) writing curriculum for undergraduate Ecuadorian polytechnic students.

This research followed a mixed method design to obtain quantitative information through a researcher-made survey and paired T-test, which would be corroborated by the qualitative data obtained from semistructured interviews.

From the descriptive and T-test results and the interview answers, it is concluded that students have a favorable view of the effectiveness of using comics to improve their writing skills. They also expressed their engagement and motivation to work with comics.

First, the research sample, comprised of 109 students, may restrict the generalizability of the findings beyond the specific context of this study. This constraint suggests caution in extrapolating these findings to broader student cohorts, emphasizing the need for larger-scale studies to validate the robustness and applicability of the outcomes. Second, the study’s focus solely on students from a polytechnic state university introduces a potential limitation concerning the diversity and representativeness of the participant pool. Consequently, the findings might be limited in their applicability and may not fully encompass students’ varied responses and attitudes from other educational backgrounds.

The scaffolding afforded by comics aligns with genre-based literacy perspectives, valuing instruction in textual genres and social purposes. From a practical pedagogical point of view, this paper’s results suggest the potential of comic narratives and storyboarding. Comics writing could be added to classroom activities to vibrantly aboard brainstorming, drafting and peer reviewing before dealing with higher-stakes assignments. Legitimizing alternative mediums like comics for academic writing tasks has social implications for promoting literacies in a multimedia world.

Writing comics nurtures multiliteracies aligned with participatory digital cultures by expanding traditional linguistic-centric norms. This multimodal composing can potentially increase access and representation and amplify voices across identities and cultures.

Although the paper addresses a topic that is not entirely novel in research, its originality lies in its focus on data originating from Ecuador, where specific cultural nuances and educational contexts may influence the effectiveness of using comics to enhance EFL writing skills. Thus, it fills a gap in the existing literature on this subject.

This paper aims to how ethical leadership influences innovative behavior and employee motivation, focusing on the mediating role of corporate social responsibility within the framework of social exchange theory (SET).

Data were collected from 341 bank employees using convenience sampling, and hypotheses were rigorously tested with SPSS 22.

The results highlight the significant impact of ethical leadership on enhancing both employee innovation and motivation, with corporate social responsibility initiatives playing a crucial mediating role.

Drawing on SET, the research illustrates how ethical leadership fosters a reciprocal exchange environment, leading to deeper employee engagement and innovation driven by positive corporate social responsibility practices. By advancing theoretical understanding and providing practical insights, this study offers valuable guidance for organizations aiming to leverage ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility to cultivate a workforce that is both innovative and motivated.

Based on the theory of organizational socialization, this article broadens the knowledge in the field of organizational commitment by determining the relationship between the organizational climate (OC) and the employees’ commitment, as well as the moderating role of the person-environment (P-E) fit.

We conducted quantitative research using three psychometric questionnaires. We investigated a large sample (N = 1,032) of employees hired in Poland.

We found strong relationships between the OC, the employees’ fit and their commitment. Moreover, both supplementary and complementary fit significantly moderated the relationships between the majority of climate dimensions and, especially, affective commitment. Interestingly, highly fitted employees with longer tenure showed a stronger relationship between material climate dimensions and commitment compared to similarly fitted newcomers, for whom the most important were relationships with co-workers and superiors.

We analyzed only a subjective fit among employees working in Poland. Although it was beneficial for developing the OC knowledge of non-American sample, the results require cautious generalization.

Assessing a candidate’s fit with the organization through detailed interviews, behavioral questions or practical tasks during the selection process can improve candidates' and employees’ P-E fit. A better fit can increase commitment, even if the OC or other factors are not perfect. Socialization tactics aimed at strengthening the fit can facilitate better alignment with the climate and higher commitment among employees with longer tenure.

This study is the first to empirically verify the moderating role of the P-E fit on the relations between OC and organizational commitment. It also considers the comparison between more experienced employees and newcomers.

This study aims to examine the effect of digitalization and sanitary measures during the COVID-19 pandemic on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the African context. While CSR has traditionally been analyzed in developed markets, this paper explores how multinational subsidiaries can leverage CSR practices to create financial opportunities and market stability for themselves and their communities in Africa.

The authors use a panel of data from six listed African companies for the period ranking from January 2006–2022 to analyze the effect of financial performance (FP), digitalization and health measures on the social responsibility of these companies. The authors provide a robust test that improves the understanding of the impact of pandemics and innovation on CSR, using Machine Learning (ML) linear regression.

The results show that the social responsibility of African companies is highly dependent on FP and digitalization. On the other hand, the authors demonstrate that the moderating role of epidemic instability negatively affects social responsibility through FP, but on the other hand strengthens CSR in the presence of digitalization. The results of the initial analysis remain largely unchanged, demonstrating the validity and robustness of the empirical results through ML models. This article highlights some of the obstacles and opportunities for CSR adapted to the crisis context. The authors conclude that adjusting innovation strategies improves the forecasting performance of responsible companies, especially in a context of instability.

The paper clearly shows that CSR literature varies across different regions. Given that the financial market in Africa is characterized by a lack of opportunity for innovation as well as financial stability, this paper represents an important first step in the elaboration of a CSR development strategy. In light of the results presented above, the study makes an important contribution to the literature on CSR, in particular the CSR practices of multinationals in developing countries and also provides CSR managers with various insights into the types of support they will need to leverage and improve the internal underpinnings of their CSR strategies and collaboration.

The results of this study contribute to the understanding of digital transformation in responsible business, offering empirical evidence of its benefits in tackling the health crisis. In addition, the study highlights the role of an innovative approach in enhancing reputation and developing sustainable, trusting relationships with stakeholders.

This research pioneers the academic link between innovation and epidemic crisis in responsible business, filling a notable gap and introducing a new academic perspective. In concrete terms, it provides women entrepreneurs with actionable insights into the digital strategies essential to improving business performance in a context of instability. Methodologically, the study sets a benchmark for research innovation, using ML to provide a reproducible model for exposing robust results and for future research in this evolving field.

Although the importance and variety of emotions have been emphasized in existing literature, studies on discrete emotions remain limited. This study aims to propose a method for more precise recognition and calculation of emotions in massive amounts of online data on attraction visitor experiences and behaviour, by using discrete emotion theory.

Using HowNet’s word similarity calculation technique, this study integrated multiple generic dictionaries, including the sentiment vocabulary ontology database of the Dalian University of Technology, the National Taiwan University Sentiment Dictionary and the Boson Dictionary. Word2vec algorithm filters emotion words unique to hospitality and tourism in 1,596,398 texts from Sogou News, Wikipedia and Ctrip reviews about attractions, and 1,765,691 reviews about attractions in China.

The discrete sentiment dictionary developed in this study outperformed the original dictionary in identifying and calculating emotions, with a total vocabulary extension of 12.07%, demonstrating its applicability to tourism.

The developed new dictionary can be used by researchers and managers alike to quickly and accurately evaluate products and services based on online visitor reviews.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to construct a sentiment dictionary based on discrete emotion theory applicable to hospitality and tourism in the Chinese context. This study extended the applicability of affective psychology to hospitality and tourism using discrete emotion theory. Moreover, the study offers a methodological framework for developing a domain-specific sentiment dictionary, potentially applicable to other domains in hospitality.