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This chapter explores how the development of football fandom for the Chinese national team and local football clubs is strongly associated with societal changes. Although the performances of Chinese football teams, especially the national team, have failed to impress the world, football remains the most popular because of millions of supporters with loyalty and passion. Most studies related to fans mainly focus on the economic and political implications of spectatorship along with the rise of China. Nevertheless, few articles are available to answer the fundamental questions, such as ‘When did these supporters come out?’ and ‘What were the factors of the development of fandom?’. By going through archival records and published documents over the last decades, this chapter offers a comprehensive and historical analysis of the development of football fandom in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and deals with these unanswered questions. As such, this chapter does not intend to be the most authoritative one but is one of the rare sources to lay down the foundation for research on Chinese football fandom. Furthermore, this chapter also proves that studies on football fandom can be a useful window for observing Chinese society.

This paper aims to design a novel test device and study the wear properties and the thermal mechanisms of roller pairs in dual-freedom sliding contacts.

On the transition process of lubrication regimes, experiments were conducted with various values of running speed and slip ratio obtained by two motorized spindles. Temperature and surviving time would be obtained of GCr15/GCr15 and DLC/GCr15 friction pairs. Micro photography was obtained with a PGI 3D stylus profiler and a confocal microscopy OLS4000-3D. An empirical mode decomposition method was used to eliminate measure errors.

Results showed that, even with little initial lubricant, rolling/sliding pairs still rotated for a certain time. With the synthetic actions of the dual-freedom sliding, the loss of lubrication and the tilt, interesting helical grooves appeared. Sliding speeds had remarkable effects on survive time, temperatures and surface topographies. In addition, the equilibrium values of the temperature and the surface roughness were obtained in sufficient oil supply. Extreme wear-out conditions were obtained with starved lubrication. Diamond-like carbon coatings showed better heat resistance and better wear resistance.

This work would be critical for the life design and the heat treatment of rolling bearings in the full flood lubrication and the starved lubrication.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-05-2024-0164/

This paper aims to develop a real-time pothole detection system to improve mapping, localization and path planning, reducing vehicle instability and accident risks. Efficient mapping, accurate localization and optimal path planning stand as prerequisites to realizing accident-free navigation. Despite their significance, existing literature often overlooks the real-time detection of potholes, which poses a considerable risk, particularly during nighttime operations. Potholes contribute to vehicle imbalance, trajectory tracking errors, abrupt braking, wheel skidding, jerking and steering overshoot, all of which can lead to accidents.

Unmanned vehicles constitute a critical domain within robotics research, necessitating reliable autonomous navigation for their optimal functioning. This research paper addresses the gap in current methodologies by leveraging a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based approach to detect potholes, facilitating the generation of an efficient environmental map. Furthermore, a hybrid solution is proposed, integrating an improved Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm with modified Bezier techniques, complementing the CNN approach for accident-free and time-efficient unmanned vehicle navigation. The conventional Bezier technique is enhanced by incorporating new control points near sharp turns, mitigating rapid trajectory convergence and ensuring collision-free paths.

The hybrid solution, combining CNN with path smoothing techniques, is rigorously tested in various real-time scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique achieves a 100% reduction in collisions in favorable conditions, a 4.5% decrease in path length, a 100% reduction in sharp turns and a significant 23.31% reduction in total time lag compared to state-of-the-art techniques such as conventional ACO, ACO+ Bezier and ACO+ midpoint Bezier, Improved ACO, hybrid ACO+ A*.

The proposed technique provides a proficient solution in the field of unmanned vehicles for accident-free time efficient navigation in an unstructured environment.

This study aims to adopt a systematic review approach to examine the existing literature on law and LLMs.It involves analyzing and synthesizing relevant research papers, reports and scholarly articles that discuss the use of LLMs in the legal domain. The review encompasses various aspects, including an analysis of LLMs, legal natural language processing (NLP), model tuning techniques, data processing strategies and frameworks for addressing the challenges associated with legal question-and-answer (Q&A) systems. Additionally, the study explores potential applications and services that can benefit from the integration of LLMs in the field of intelligent justice.

This paper surveys the state-of-the-art research on law LLMs and their application in the field of intelligent justice. The study aims to identify the challenges associated with developing Q&A systems based on LLMs and explores potential directions for future research and development. The ultimate goal is to contribute to the advancement of intelligent justice by effectively leveraging LLMs.

To effectively apply a law LLM, systematic research on LLM, legal NLP and model adjustment technology is required.

This study contributes to the field of intelligent justice by providing a comprehensive review of the current state of research on law LLMs.

The ancient town of Lijiang is a representative place of ethnic minorities in China’s southwest border area jointly built by many ethnic groups. Its rich and diversified history, culture and architecture as well as its artistic and spiritual values need to be better retained and explored.

The protection and inheritance of Lijiang’s cultural heritage will be improved through the construction of digital memory resources. To guide Lijiang’s digital memory construction, this study explores strategies of digital memory construction by analyzing four case studies of well-known memory projects from China and America.

From the case studies analysis, factors of digital memory construction were identified and compared. Factors led to the discussion of strategies for constructing the digital memory of Lijiang within its design, construction and service phases.

The ancient town of Lijiang is a famous historical and cultural city in China, and it is also a representative place of ethnic minorities in the border area jointly built by many ethnic groups. The rich culture should be preserved and digitalized to offer better use for the whole nation.

This paper aims to provide a full introduction, new classification, comparison and investigation of the challenges as well as applications of layerless 3D printing, which is one of the industry 4.0 pioneers.

Given the significance and novelty of uniform 3D printing, more than 250 publications were collected and reviewed in an unbiased and clear manner.

As a result, the majority of uniform parts printed in polymer form are known up to this point. In a novel division for better researchers’ comprehension, uniform printing systems were classified into three categories: oxygen inhibition (OI), liquid lubrication (LL) and photon penetration (PP), and each was thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, these three approaches were evaluated in terms of printing speed, precision and accuracy, manufacturing scale and cost.

The parameters of each approach were compared independently, and then a practical comparison was conducted among these three approaches. Finally, a variety of technologies, opportunities, challenges and advantages of each significant method, as well as a future outlook for layerless rapid prototyping, are presented.

I am concerned with insights heterodox economics, and particularly the new institution economics, can offer regarding interactions between health emergencies and the airline industry. Air services not only facilitates the transmissions of diseases among humans, and between animals, but on the positive side, can expedite the movement of medicines and the transfer of those afflicted during pandemics and epidemics. They can serve to limit the outbreak of disease by providing “mercy flights” to regions poorly served by other modes. Significant challenge confronting carriers during a major event, however, often included immediate financial shocks as well as ensuring their operations do not contribute to the spread of disease. These economic challenges for both commercial carriers and public policymakers involve sources of finance for what is, in this context, a semi-public service as well as the extent to which airlines should retain standby capacity extending resilience to the air-service supply chain. Conventional neoclassical economics, while still at the center of analyzing many of these sorts of issues, has increasingly, because of its rigid assumption and poor forecasting record, been supplemented by heterodox economic thinking. This trend has been reinforced by progress in fields such as psychology. What I demonstrate is that heterodox economics, and especially the role of institutions, offers a more complete picture of the interactions between air transportation and the spread of disease.

This paper aims to explore new variable separation solutions for a new generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation, construct novel nonlinear excitations and discuss their dynamical behaviors that may exist in many realms such as fluid dynamics, optics and telecommunication.

By means of the multilinear variable separation approach, variable separation solutions for the new generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation are derived with arbitrary low dimensional functions with respect to {y, z, t}. The asymptotic analysis is presented to represent generally the evolutions of rogue waves.

Fixing several types of explicit expressions of the arbitrary function in the potential field U, various novel nonlinear wave excitations are fabricated, such as hybrid waves of kinks and line solitons with different structures and other interesting characteristics, as well as interacting waves between rogue waves, kinks, line solitons with translation and rotation.

The paper presents that a variable separation solution with an arbitrary function of three independent variables has great potential to describe localized waves.

The roles of parameters in the chosen functions are ascertained in this study, according to which, one can understand the amplitude, shape, background and other characteristics of the localized waves.

The work provides novel localized waves that might be used to explain some nonlinear phenomena in fluids, plasma, optics and so on.

The study proposes a new generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation and derives its nonlinear variable separation solutions. It is demonstrated that a variable separation solution with an arbitrary function of three independent variables provides a treasure-house of nonlinear waves.

This article presents two Brazilian Portuguese corpora collected from different media concerning public security issues in a specific location. The primary motivation is supporting analyses, so security authorities can make appropriate decisions about their actions.

The corpora were obtained through web scraping from a newspaper's website and tweets from a Brazilian metropolitan region. Natural language processing was applied considering: text cleaning, lemmatization, summarization, part-of-speech and dependencies parsing, named entities recognition, and topic modeling.

Several results were obtained based on the methodology used, highlighting some: an example of a summarization using an automated process; dependency parsing; the most common topics in each corpus; the forty named entities and the most common slogans were extracted, highlighting those linked to public security.

Some critical tasks were identified for the research perspective, related to the applied methodology: the treatment of noise from obtaining news on their source websites, passing through textual elements quite present in social network posts such as abbreviations, emojis/emoticons, and even writing errors; the treatment of subjectivity, to eliminate noise from irony and sarcasm; the search for authentic news of issues within the target domain. All these tasks aim to improve the process to enable interested authorities to perform accurate analyses.

The corpora dedicated to the public security domain enable several analyses, such as mining public opinion on security actions in a given location; understanding criminals' behaviors reported in the news or even on social networks and drawing their attitudes timeline; detecting movements that may cause damage to public property and people welfare through texts from social networks; extracting the history and repercussions of police actions, crossing news with records on social networks; among many other possibilities.

The work on behalf of the corpora reported in this text represents one of the first initiatives to create textual bases in Portuguese, dedicated to Brazil's specific public security domain.

The main objective of this article is to visualize the structure and trends of pro-environmental behavior (PEB) between 1999 and 2023 through mapping and in-depth analysis. The aim is to analyze PEB, which has received considerable academic attention in recent years due to its key role in the conservation of the environment and the protection of local communities in tourist destinations. This paper provides an important summary of the recent research that has explored the role that tourists have in protecting the environment through PEB.

This study presents a visual analysis of 2005 scholarly articles between the years 1999 and 2023 related to PEB. Using the knowledge mapping based on VOSviewer it presents the current status of research, which includes the analysis of citation analysis, co-citation analysis, co-citation network and longitudinal analysis.

PEB is an emerging topic due to its relevance to protecting the environment in the context of travel. The citation and co-citation analysis show the relevance of the behavior of tourists with regard to protecting the environment. The co-word analysis highlights the current significance of research concerning green hotels and the destination image of environmentally responsible destinations.

This study sheds light on the current research progress of PEB in the context of tourism through a comprehensive analysis (citation, co-citation and co-word). In addition, we provide theories and factors that have been previously used to study PEB in the context of tourism. The findings contribute to a broad and diverse understanding of the concept of PEB, which can provide important insights for policymakers in formulating management strategies and policies aimed at reducing environmental impacts in destinations.