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The purpose of this paper was to attempt to confirm the root cause of unstable stitch pull strength in PQFN package and propose some permanent solutions for it.

A screen experiment was designed to find the key process out of the manufacturing flow; a non‐destructive detaching method and cross section polishing were used to inspect the bond integrity; Auger analysis assisted with argon ion sputter was tried to confirm the contamination; finally the manufacturing processes were redesigned to prevent the contamination.

Some first aids of process optimization got little improvement; the screen experiment of processes found solder die bonding was the one resulted into a poor bond integrity which was demonstrated by non‐destructive detaching method and cross section inspection; Auger analysis assisted with argon ion sputter detected that there was a tin layer thicker than 20 nm coated on the bonding surface and the wire bondability of gold wire on this tin coating was poor; the lead frame was redesigned to prevent the wetting and flowing of tin and got a perfect performance.

Because of the limitation of time and resources, the proposed solutions for this issue could be studied more deeply.

This paper set up an example how to find out the root cause from the complex manufacturing process flow and put forward a quick solution accordingly for the issue.

The purpose of this paper is to study the application of advanced computer image processing techniques for flaw detection on flexible printed circuit (FPC) solder.

Texture directionality feature is obtained based on texture gradient, contour's position is extracted and directionality information obtained through analyzing the distribution of directionality. Contour similarity function is established to filter out false contour and keep proper contour, and the solder's location work is accomplished based on reversed contour. After that, a combination of grey and texture gradient's value deviation from reference value is utilized to reflect and describe texture on the solder's surface. Flaw can be distinguished from homogeneous texture background.

The method has been applied to the inspecting system and achieved a higher accuracy and a lower false defect rate. It demonstrates that the method can detect flaws efficiently and effectively.

Although the work on FPC solder's location and flaw detection is presented, defective classification is not involved that is also very important content for inspection.

The paper provides a new way to locate solder based on directionality. The method not only extracts contour feature but also gains directional parameters to help realize accurate location, especially for some solders that are deformed to some extent. Entropy statistic based on distribution of grey and texture gradient is proposed to describe and measure solder's surface texture. The new algorithm performs stably and efficiently and is fit for practical application.

The purpose of this paper is to study the application of advanced computer image processing techniques for solving the problem of solder position error correction for flexible printed circuit (FPC) solder.

To correct position error, image information is defined according to information theory, and the mutual information entropy (MIE) is applied in evaluating the correlation between the images. A reference image is acquired which is used to evaluate the correlation with the inspecting image. The MIE increases as the FPC solder positioning accuracy increases. When the referent and inspecting FPC solders are aligned with the same place, the MIE is at a maximum. According to the principle, a genetic algorithm integrated with MIE as a fitness function is applied to search for the best optimal correction parameters to improve positioning accuracy.

The method is verified by a simulation and applied to the inspection system. As a result of experiment using four FPC solder samples, it has been demonstrated that the method can correct position errors.

The method of defective detection is not involved, although that of searching for and locating FPC solder is presented.

The method of correcting position error based on MIE has high flexibility and can help improve positioning accuracy. In particular, it provides a new way to correct position error and can be implemented on any sort of target which is regular or irregular based on image technology.

Transformations taking place in China are of crucial importance in the development of the world economy. The international community is turning its attention to China's move towards a market economy and assessing the likely impact on the years ahead. This paper aims to plot the evolution of administrative reforms in China with particular reference to the state (and therefore public sector), because the modernization of the state is an issue that will persist into the future, and because the state itself was driving the country's transformation towards a market economy in a deliberate way.

The paper revisits the debate on administrative reforms at different levels, i.e. fiscal, budgeting, government organizations, and public sector units (PSUs). In addition to reconstructing the evolution of norms and procedures as part of deliberate strategies by the center, the paper also investigates how actual practices at the micro level have followed this process of reform, with reference to the administration of cultural heritage at the municipal level, based on a field research project.

A lack of understanding of the role played by actual accounting transformation seems to characterize the current debate on policies. Serious discrepancies can be found between expectations and actual changes; between macro and micro policies, and micro practices.

An holistic focus on various trend of reforms is taken, looking at debates that are usually separated, also linking them to actual changes in accounting practice.

China has, apparently, more trade union members than the rest of the world put together, but the unions are subservient to the Party-state. The theme of the paper is the gap between rhetoric and reality. Issues analysed include union structure, membership, representation, and the interaction between unions and the Party-state. We suggest that Chinese unions inhabit an Alice in Wonderland dream world and that they are virtually impotent when it comes to representing workers. Because the Party-state recognises that such frailty may lead to instability it has passed new laws promoting collective contracts and established new tripartite institutions to mediate and arbitrate disputes. While such laws are welcome they are largely hollow: collective contracts are very different from collective bargaining and the incidence of cases dealt with by the tripartite institutions is tiny. Much supporting evidence is presented drawing on detailed case studies undertaken in Hainan Province (the largest and one of the oldest special economic zones) in 2004 and 2005. The need for more effective representation is appreciated by some All China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) officials, but it seems a long way off, so unions in China will continue to echo the White Queen: “The rule is, jam tomorrow and jam yesterday – but never jam today” and, alas, tomorrow never comes.

To illustrate the challenges involved in communicating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation information and providing lay person training to improve the chance of survival for persons suffering out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest.

A sample of 78 lay persons employed by manufacturing firms in an industrial park were surveyed and asked to identify their attitudes toward and knowledge of lifesaving techniques and willingness to participate in CPR and AED training programs.

Findings suggest that most employees were interested in learning how to administer CPR and defibrillation. However, few had received training. The data also showed that training and relationship with a victim are determinants of level of comfort and willingness to engage in behaviors that would save a life.

Results are not necessarily representative of all programs or employees in industrial settings. Sample is US based, which may limit its generalizability.

Although few people have been formally trained, awareness levels and willingness to participate in these programs are high. Opportunities for training exist, even though resuscitation programs' communications and training may be falling short of the intended outcomes.

Lay persons' attitudes toward and experience with CPR and defibrillation training programs are examined and implications for training and marketing communications are discussed.

In this paper, the authors design accelerated life test and provide its application in the field of accelerated life test. The authors use maximum likelihood estimation method as a parameter estimation method.

In this paper we design accelerated life test and provide its application in the field of accelerated life test. The authors use maximum likelihood estimation method as a parameter estimation method.

In this study, the authors design accelerated life test under Type-I censoring when the lifetime of test items follows PID and also provides its application in the field of warranty policy. The following conclusion is made on the basis of this study. (1) An inverse relationship is shown between the shape parameter with the expected total cost and expected cycle time, while the shape parameter directly relates to the expected cost rate (see Table 5). (2) A direct relationship is shown between the scale parameter with the expected total cost and expected time cycle, while the inverse relationship is shown with the expected cost rate (see Table 5). (3) An inverse relationship is shown between the replacement age and the expected cost rate, while there are direct relationships between expected total cost and expected time cycle (see Table 5).

This paper is neither published or neither accepted anywhere.