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Users contribute to online communities by posting and responding to discussion threads. Nonetheless, only a small fraction of threads gain popularity and shape community discourse. Prior studies have identified several factors driving thread popularity; however, despite their prevalence, the role of emotional expressions within discussion threads remains understudied. This study addresses this gap by investigating the impact of thread starters’ valence and embedded discrete emotions of anger, anxiety and sadness on thread popularity, drawing on the negativity bias and the emotion-as-social-information theories.

Using two samples from Reddit, this study employs negative binomial regression analysis to examine the hypothesized relationships.

The results demonstrate that negativity in thread starters significantly influences thread popularity; however, the expression of discrete emotions impacts popularity variously. In some contexts, such as COVID-19 vaccination subreddits, embedded anger in thread starters decreases thread popularity, whereas anxiety and sad expressions enhance it. In other contexts, such as professional discussions (e.g. r/Medicine subreddit), anger and anxiety expressions increase thread popularity, while sad expressions have no significant influence.

The study is limited by its focus on specific emotions and contexts. Future research could examine a broader range of emotions, post-content modalities and the impact of cultural and linguistic differences.

This study contributes to theory by offering a new definition of thread popularity and enhancing our understanding of the impact of emotions in online discussions. It also provides practical implications for online community members and moderators seeking to promote discussion posts that help achieve community goals.

The purpose of this study is to review the evolution of drug use in South East Scotland over the period since 1980 and from the clinical experience and to consider the implications of early and evolving clinical practice and related policy on outcomes for individual cases. Also, this study derives conclusions about the success or failure of practice and policy on the medical and social outcomes for individuals, families and communities.

This paper is a mixed method review of cases in clinical practice and publications carried out over the time period. The authors have published extensively in clinical journals and public health publications and draw on these experiences to describe a series of scenarios and observations which are a unique combination in the more general global pandemic of HIV/AIDS and the evolution of a modern substance use environment.

Clinical practice in the community and in specialist services was unprepared for a rapidly rising number of people using injectable heroin. The introduction of the HIV agent into this community was also met with medical, social and criminal justice systems which had to react rapidly to a situation which, at the time, was seen as a threat to the whole population. So many unknowns required a national (and international) response. What has been learned from what is now seen as a historical disaster is considered in the current policy and political framework.

The events described energized the academic and research communities. To say that we now live in a different environment is an underestimate of the impact of HIV/AIDS and substance use on how we conduct research and the ethical framework which has evolved compared to earlier times. The need for involvement of lived experience and the independence of research from political or ideological control and influence is self-evident from the paper that is presented.

Interpretation of clinical experience needs to be an integral part of planning projects. Structural changes allow early implementation of projects which link frontline services with specialist care and academic institutions. Unfortunately, silos still exist, and in a time of economic restraint, cooperation is curtailed by lack of interdisciplinary working. Learning from the events described in this paper should be helpful for clinicians, policymakers and funding agencies.

The social implications are enormous and almost too wide ranging to encapsulate in a few words. Since the 1980s, patient management and relationships have changed beyond recognition. Social norms have seen a revolution in attitudes to sexuality, drugs and relationships. Political and management practice has had to adjust and modernize to accommodate these changes. Unfortunately, these changes have not always penetrated the disadvantaged communities, and the lessons from the past have to be revisited. Hopefully, this paper will draw attention to ongoing inequalities.

Although it is in some ways relating to events past, it is strangely contemporary in its message and the implications for policy and research communities. While dramatic improvements have been made, there are forces which still need to be overcome and warnings of the dangers of not learning from past mistakes should be highlighted. The recent COVID pandemic was a global shock which again suggested changes outlined in this paper from the HIV/AID pandemic (which is still a threat).

Owing to the growing evidence of crypto asset connectedness and correlation with traditional financial assets, this study sought to determine if there is a time-varying correlation and/or connectedness between the stablecoin market and the currencies of emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) with significant cryptocurrency penetration.

This study uses a probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) to create stablecoin and EMDEs currency returns and volatility indices for EMDEs with significant cryptocurrency penetration. We then employ a time-varying correlation and time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) connectedness measures to document the time-dependent correlation and connectedness between the EMDE currencies and the stablecoin market.

The result points to a spillover of return shocks from the EMDE currencies to the stablecoin market prior to and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This is indicative of a flight-to-safety role of stablecoins for EMDE currencies. This calls for increased attention to the stablecoin market by money market investors and monetary authorities.

The paper contributes to the growing cryptocurrency and finance literature by empirically examining the level of connectedness between stablecoins and emerging market currencies. Knowing the relationship (correlation) and shock spillover (connectedness) between the stablecoins and the EMDE currencies will be valuable to currency investors’ diversification and hedging strategies, and to macroeconomic policymakers in designing and implementing regulation.

This paper assesses the co-movement between Pax gold and six fiat currencies. It also investigates the optimal time-varying hedge ratios in order to examine the properties of Pax gold as a diversifier and hedge asset.

This paper examines the volatility spillover between Pax gold and fiat currencies using the framework of wavelet analysis, BEKK-GARCH models and Range DCC-GARCH. Moreover, this paper proposes to use the covariance and variance structure obtained from the new range DCC-GARCH framework to estimate the time-varying optimal hedge ratios, the optimal weighs and the hedging effectiveness.

Wavelet coherence method reveals that, at low frequency, large zone of co-movements appears for the pairs Pax gold/EUR, Pax gold/JPY and Pax gold/RUB. Further, the BEKK results show unidirectional (bidirectional) transmission effects between Pax gold and EUR, GBP, JPY and CNY (INR, RUB) fiat currencies. Moreover, the Range DCC results show that the Pax gold and the fiat currency returns are weakly correlated with low coefficients close to zero. Thus, Pax gold seems to serve as a safe haven asset against the systematic risk of fiat currency markets. In addition, the results of optimal weights show that rational investor should invest more in Pax gold and less in fiat currencies. Concerning the hedge ratios results, the findings reveal that the INR (JPY) fiat currency appears to be the most expensive (cheapest) hedge for the Pax-gold market. However, the JPY’s fiat currency appears to be the cheapest one. As for hedging effectiveness results, the authors found that hedging strategies including fiat currencies–Pax gold pairs are most likely to sharply decrease the portfolio’s risk.

A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between Pax Gold and fiat currencies is crucial for refining portfolio strategies involving cryptocurrencies. This research underscores the significance of grasping volatility transmissions between these currencies, providing valuable insights to guide investors in their decision-making processes. Moreover, it encourages further exploration into the interdependencies of digital currencies. Additionally, this study sheds light on effective contagion risk management, particularly during crises such as Covid-19 and the Russia–Ukraine conflict. It underscores the role of Pax Gold as a safe-haven asset and offers practical guidance for adjusting portfolios across various economic conditions. Ultimately, this research advances our comprehension of Pax Gold’s risk-return profile, positioning it as a potential hedge during periods of uncertainty, thereby contributing to the evolving literature on cryptocurrencies.

This study’s primary value lies in its pioneering empirical examination of the time-varying correlations and scale dependence between Pax Gold and fiat currencies. It goes beyond by determining optimal time-varying hedge ratios through the innovative Range-DCC-GARCH model, originally introduced by Molnár (2016) and distinguished by its incorporation of both low and high prices. Significantly, this analysis unfolds within the unique context of the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russian–Ukrainian conflict, marking a novel contribution to the field.

Middle leadership in education is often considered one of the most challenging roles within educational leadership, and it is often under-conceptualised and theorised. A key role of a middle leader is making decisions. This paper presents some initial findings from a study of 22 middle leaders in England, exploring their decision-making ability.

This study uses the Iowa gambling task (IGT), a commonly used psychological tool designed to assess decision-making through risk-based activities. All participants were asked to complete the IGT online. They were asked to select one of four cards from a virtual deck. The decks yielded either a positive gain (a financial win) or a net (financial) loss. Participants repeated the selection of a card 100 times.

Participants quickly learned which decks provided a positive net gain. However, what was apparent was that between cards 40 and 60, there was a significant spike in their ability to gain net wins in the cards selected. This suggests that middle leaders are more risk-seeking when they are trying to minimise losses, as in blocks 1 to 3 in the experiment. However, once they have reached a self-determined threshold, they become risk-averse to maintaining the potential gains they have made.

Understanding how leaders make decisions is particularly important if staff are to be encouraged to take responsibility and make decisions within their roles as middle leaders. However, this study has limitations, notably that only 22 participants participated.

This paper offers a contemporary review underpinned by a preliminary study of middle leaders' decision-making ability against a backdrop of the limited literature on this topic.

Consumer well-being (CWB) is a flourishing area of research. It is an important field of study for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG-3 (Good Health and Well-Being). However, despite some recent reviews, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview of the broad themes emerging in the CWB literature. The study aims to thoroughly integrate and organize the fragmented existing literature on CWB by uncovering its emergent themes and their impact.

To address this gap, this study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) of 166 peer-reviewed journal articles from 2013–2023 following the Scientific Procedures and Rationales for Systematic Literature Reviews protocol from the Scopus and Web of Science databases.

This study’s SLR uncovered seven themes: subjective well-being; psychological well-being; food well-being; financial well-being; environmental well-being; social well-being; and societal well-being. Further, this study identifies that these themes impact consumers on three levels: micro, meso and macro. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the emergent themes along the levels of impact.

This paper anticipates that the study, which is a thorough overview of the CWB literature, will provide managers, academics and students with an introduction to the topic.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first articles that shows the themes of the CWB literature along the respective levels of impact and draws avenues for future research.

El bienestar del consumidor (CWB) es un área de investigación en auge. Es un campo de estudio clave para los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), en particular el ODS-3 (Salud y Bienestar). Sin embargo, a pesar de algunas revisiones recientes, falta una visión general completa de los amplios temas emergentes en la literatura de CWB. El objetivo de este estudio es integrar y organizar exhaustivamente la literatura existente sobre CWB, revelando sus temas emergentes y su impacto.

Para abordar esta brecha, el estudio presenta una revisión sistemática de la literatura (SLR) de 166 artículos de revistas revisados por pares, publicados entre 2013 y 2023, siguiendo el protocolo SPAR-4-SLR, extraídos de las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science.

Nuestra SLR reveló siete temas: (a) bienestar subjetivo; (b) bienestar psicológico; (c) bienestar alimentario; (d) bienestar financiero; (e) bienestar ambiental; (f) bienestar social; y (g) bienestar societal. Además, identificamos que estos temas afectan a los consumidores en tres niveles: (i) micro, (ii) meso y (iii) macro. Así, este estudio proporciona una visión completa de los temas emergentes a lo largo de los niveles de impacto.

Anticipamos que este estudio, que ofrece una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura de CWB, proporcionará a gestores, académicos y estudiantes una introducción al tema.

Según nuestro conocimiento, este es uno de los primeros artículos que muestra los temas de la literatura de CWB junto con sus respectivos niveles de impacto y traza rutas para futuras investigaciones.

消费者幸福感(CWB)是一个蓬勃发展的研究领域, 对可持续发展目标(SDGs), 尤其是 SDG-3(良好健康与幸福感), 具有重要意义。然而, 尽管近期已有一些综述, CWB 文献中出现的广 泛主题仍缺乏全面概述。本研究旨在深入整合和组织现有 CWB 文献, 通过揭示其新兴主题及其影响, 填补这一空白。

为解决这一问题, 本研究按照 SPAR-4-SLR 协议, 从Scopus和Web of Science数据 库中选取了 2013 年至 2023 年的 166 篇经过同行评审的期刊文章, 进行系统文献综述(SLR)。

我们的文献综述揭示了七个主题:(a)主观幸福感; (b)心理幸福感; (c)食品幸福感; (d)金融幸福感; (e)环境幸福感; (f)社会幸福感; (g)社会整体幸福感。此外, 我们发现这些 主题在三个层面上影响消费者:(i)微观层面; (ii)中观层面; (iii)宏观层面。因此, 本研究提供 了沿影响层面的新兴主题的全面概述。

我们期待这篇全面概述 CWB 文献的研究能为管理者、学者和学生提供关于该主题的全 面介绍。

据我们所知, 这是首篇阐释 CWB 文献主题及其相应影响层次的文章之一, 并为未来研究指 明了方向。

Knowledge sharing in online health communities (OHCs) disrupts consumers' health information-seeking behavior patterns such as seeking health information and consulting. Based on social exchange theory, this study explores how the two dimensions of experts' free knowledge sharing (general and specific) affect customer transactional and nontransactional engagement behavior and how the quality of experts' free knowledge sharing moderates the above relationships.

We adopted negative binomial regression models using homepage data of 2,982 experts crawled from Haodf.com using Python.

The results show that experts' free general knowledge sharing and free specific knowledge sharing positively facilitate both transactional and nontransactional engagement of consumers. The results also demonstrate that experts' efforts in knowledge-sharing quality weaken the positive effect of their knowledge-sharing quantity on customer engagement.

This study provides new insights into the importance of experts' free knowledge sharing in OHCs. This study also revealed a “trade-off” between experts' knowledge-sharing quality and quantity. These findings could help OHCs managers optimize knowledge-sharing recommendation mechanisms to encourage experts to share more health knowledge voluntarily and improve the efficiency of healthcare information dissemination to promote customer engagement.

In this article, the authors – a social studies methods professor and geography research associate – make the case for considering the integration of Holocaust geographies into the middle and secondary curriculum, potential challenges that teachers may have in teaching Holocaust geographies are addressed.

Using an experience in delivering professional development on Holocaust geographies to teachers to frame the discourse within the article, the authors contend that a study of Holocaust geographies tests geography as a discipline, addresses current problems and supports student inquiry. Therefore, the inclusion of the Holocaust in the geography curriculum is both needed and valuable.

Examining the Holocaust spatially using geographical skills moves students away from the potential limits of studying the Holocaust temporally using only historical skills. Thus, the distance between past and present, although not ignored, is narrowed through the inquiry into spatial patterns and characteristics, providing the potential to bring greater focus on present-day antisemitism, persecution, genocide and authoritarianism.

Educators are encouraged to take up work that intersects the civic goals of both geography and Holocaust education, yet literature on these intersections is sparse. We call upon Holocaust education and geography education organizations to develop and provide support for teachers around Holocaust geographies.

Understanding of wellbeing has improved in recent years, and the literature has established some links between wellbeing and aggression, which appears to be theoretically supported. “Hedonia” (maximising positive emotions and minimising negative emotions) and “eudaimonia” (living well and with meaning), two core components of wellbeing, are targeted by the Stoicism programme, which is currently being run in a prison for male foreign national offenders. The purpose of these studies was therefore to measure the impact of the programme on self-reported participant wellbeing and aggression.

Two studies have been completed with foreign national offenders who participated in the Stoicism programme. The studies aimed to evaluate the impact of this programme using pre- and post-programme self-report measures of wellbeing and aggression. Supplementary manifest content analysis was also used with sub-samples of participants.

Both studies found significant improvements in participant wellbeing. Study 1 found significant improvement on self-reported hostility (a subscale of the aggression measure), but not in the other subscales or in aggression overall. Study 2 found improvements across all scales. The findings suggest that the Stoicism programme is achieving changes in wellbeing, could be contributing to aggression reduction and provides support for the relationship between wellbeing and aggression.

It is possible the findings suggest the Stoicism programme may provide a further approach to improving safety in His Majesty’s Prison and Probation Services (HMPPS), that the gymnasium environment may in itself be conducive to prisoner wellbeing and engagement, and that philosophical approaches may have meaningful benefits in the prison setting.

There are limitations to these studies, most notably in the sample sizes, lack of control group and the research design focused solely on participant self-report. However, the programme has not been previously evaluated, so these initial findings are important in understanding the possible impact of the programme. Future research would therefore benefit from evaluating the programme itself (including the environment in which it is run), examining the specific sub-types of wellbeing separately and examining participant aggression in further depth and with a larger sample.

Despite sponsorship disclosure regulations, many influencers circumvent regulations by posting hidden advertising in covert formats. However, the impact of influencer hidden advertising sponsorship disclosure (IHASD) on brand attitudes is complex and contradictory. To understand the influence mechanism clearly, we introduced the operational transparency framework and investigated the mediating effects of perceived manipulative intent and perceived authenticity as well as the relationship between them. The conditions under which the mediation effect occurs were also analyzed.

The authors conducted three experimental studies. Studies 1 and 2 examined the influence mechanism of sponsorship disclosure (present vs absent) and sponsorship disclosure prominence (explicit vs implicit) of influencer hidden advertising on brand attitudes (i.e. the mediating effect of perceived manipulative intent and perceived authenticity). Study 3 explored the moderating effect of consumers’ thinking styles.

The results revealed that sponsorship disclosure and sponsorship disclosure prominence of influencer hidden advertising weakened brand attitudes through perceived manipulative intent while enhancing brand attitudes through perceived authenticity. Perceived authenticity and perceived manipulative intent played a bidirectional chain mediating role. When consumers’ thinking style was experiential, the negative mediating effect of perceived manipulative intent was alleviated and the positive mediating effect of perceived authenticity was enhanced; this effect, though, was the opposite when consumers’ thinking style was rational.

This research contributes to influencer sponsorship disclosure literature through providing an enhanced comprehensive, in-depth theoretical explanation of the competing mechanisms of sponsorship disclosure effects.