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This study aims to propose a visualized model of hot technology evolution to describe its development.

The basic concept is to divide a technological field into a timeline consisting of several patent clusters. Hot technology trajectories are then explored using their continuity, as well as the point in time at which they occur.

Patents in orthopaedics between 1999 and 2014 have been chosen as the research subjects and the field is divided into several hot technology trajectories. A further step is taken by interpreting high-frequency key terms. Three categories – spine-related materials, bone repairing materials and bone plates – have been identified.

The trajectories presented by evolving diagrams allow readers to understand the evolution of hot technology and help analysts to plan layout and strategies to remain competitive.

Patent clusters reflect the knowledge context of technology development. Previous studies have focused on only new technology evolution and have rarely explored the knowledge context of hot patents that have been frequently cited in recent years. Such patents often guide the development of technology.

From a functionalist perspective, this study aims to examine empirically how positive and negative emotions can exert influence on creativity in the workplace. This study built and tested a theoretical framework that delineates the effect of emotions on employee creativity through different learning mechanisms.

Field surveys were conducted in a Chinese company and data were collected from 340 employee-supervisor dyads.

The results indicate that positive emotions were positively related to task-related learning and interactional learning, both of which promote employee creativity. Task-related learning mediated the association between positive emotions and creativity. Nevertheless, negative emotions hindered employees from interactional learning and were negatively associated with creativity. Interactional learning mediated the association between negative emotions and creativity. Moreover, the interaction between positive and negative emotions was negatively associated with task-related learning.

This study contributes to the literature on emotions and employee learning by demonstrating the value of using a functionalist perspective through different procedural mechanisms for employee outcomes and exploring the mediation effects of different learning behaviors in promoting creativity.

This paper aims to examine cases of fraudulent financial reporting (FFR) which were subject to published enforcement actions by the Securities Commission Malaysia (SC) from 1998 to 2012 for reasons of alleged financial misreporting. It investigates the main attempts used (how) and sensible motives (why) for these fraudulent reporting.

This study undertakes a close examination of the financial reports manipulated – annual accounts, interim reports and financial reports in listing proposals, initial public offering prospectuses and corporate restructuring proposals. Due to the limited number of FFR published, a close examination of these cases is the best way to reach a more comprehensive and detailed understanding of “how” FFR takes place, rather than performing large sample statistical analyses. This study also collects data which provide evidence for the possible motivations in resorting to the FFR.

The most common attempt used by the sample companies was to overstate their reported revenue by recognising fictitious sales from bogus customers. Sample companies who attempted this initial manipulation often followed with consequential manipulations and in some cases also embarked on masking manipulations. Sensible motives for the sample companies to manipulate their financial statements include capital raising exercises, closeness to defaulting on debt repayments and sustaining equity overvaluations.

The primary limitation of this study is its lack of breadth due to the limited number of reported cases available. Moreover, taking the sample companies used from enforcement action releases published by the SC presupposes that the SC has diligently and correctly identified all the FFR cases – whereas there is a possibility that some companies involved in FFR may not yet have been detected or publicly revealed. Notwithstanding these limitations, our findings provide a comprehensive insight, which is sufficient in depth, into the operational aspects of FFR in Malaysia.

One practical lesson from the findings on “how” within the chain of manipulations is that auditors ought to review the effectiveness of their analytical and substantive procedures, as a number of the FFR cases remained undetected by the audit process. A second is that accounting standards setters may wish to reconsider the amount of discretion given to managers in financial reporting. On the one hand, some managers have used this discretion to provide useful information to the market; however, others have opportunistically used it for personal gain.

From the societal perspective, it is time for managers, as agents of capital providers, to self-review their responsibilities and stewardship in financial reporting. There needs to be a paradigm shift in their attitudes towards the perceived incentives of, and opportunities for, FFR. Managers’ wrongdoings in these accounting scandals have had significant adverse consequences for society – including minority shareholders, investor confidence, future accountants and managers in the making.

This study provides direct and practical evidence on the “how” and “why” of FFR in the context of a developing country – Malaysia. Such evidence is limited in the existing literature and relevant to practitioners.

This study proposes a design automation system that integrates traditional segmental design processes into a solid unified system composed of need assessment, computer aided design, computer aided engineering and rapid prototyping. The system utilizes the computer network in conjunction with the quality function deployment technique coupled with a well designed expert system to precisely transform customers’ needs into producible product specification. The product is then displayed using a three‐dimensional representation and simulated through numerical analysis using a finite element method. The resulting feasible design alternative is finally linked to the rapid prototyper to produce the sample object. The use of the system is believed to greatly reduce R&D cost and significantly shorten the product design cycle, while closely meeting the customer’s needs.

The smart image sensor (SIS) which integrated with both sensor and smart processor has been widely applied in vision-based intelligent perception. In these applications, the linearity of the image sensor is crucial for better processing performance. However, the simple source-follower based readout circuit in the conventional SIS introduces significant nonlinearity. This paper aims to design a low-power in-pixel buffer circuit applied in the high-linearity SIS for the smart perception applications.

The linearity of the SIS is improved by eliminating the non-ideal effects of transistors and cancelling dynamic threshold voltage that changes with the process variation, voltage and temperature. A low parasitic capacitance low leakage switch is proposed to further improve the linearity of the buffer. Moreover, an area-efficient SIS architecture with a sharing mechanism is presented to further reduce the number of in-pixel transistors.

A low parasitic capacitance low leakage switch and a gate-source voltage pre-storage method are proposed to further improve the linearity of the buffer. Nonlinear effects introduced by parasitic capacitance switching leakage, etc., have been investigated and solved by proposing low-parasitic and low-leakage switches. The linearity is improved without a power-hungry operational amplifier-based calibration circuit and a noticeable power consumption increment.

The proposed design is implemented using a standard 0.18-µm CMOS process with the active area of 102 µm². At the power consumption of 5.6 µW, the measured linearity is −63 dB, which is nearly 27 dB better than conventional active pixel sensor (APS) implementation. The proposed low-power buffer circuit increase not only the performance of the SIS but also the lifetime of the smart perception system.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the non-linear threshold effects between trade openness and female labours to participate in the labour markets.

The authors consider data for nine Asian countries from 1990 to 2016 period and perform the panel threshold regression method.

Empirical results indicate that the threshold value is occurred. With the increase of trade openess, the female labour force participation rate shows a trend of rising first and then declining. Furthermore, exports also have an asymmetric threshold effect on female labour force participation, which is partly in accordance with the discrimination model (Becker, 1957). On the other hand, imports dependency will hinder female labour force participation regardless of a threshold effect. The authors obtain similar results when the authors consider the female employment rate as substitution.

Specifically, increased trade openness may contribute positively or negatively towards overall female labour force participation rate (FLFPR), attributed to the relative importance of these opposing effects. Thus, when the cost reduction effect, resulting from intensified competitive pressure and comparative advantages would enhance the participation rate, the technology channel operates in the opposite direction. Therefore, from the perspective of female employment, trade openness is not the more the better.

This study innovatively discusses the non-linear correlation between trade openness and FLFPR and distinguishes the different contributions from exports and imports. The advanced threshold regression model assumes the existence of threshold value from trade to female employment. Thereby, targeted policies for the government should be applied to promote active female in the labour market.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relationship between Chinese housing and stock markets. The authors discuss the three transmission mechanisms between the two markets: wealth effect, modern portfolio theory and credit-price effect. Moreover, the authors focus on the effects of inflation on the relationship between the two markets.

This paper uses wavelet analysis to test the housing and stock markets relationship both in the frequency domain and time domain.

The empirical results indicate that housing prices have a positive effect on stock prices, and these have the same effect on housing prices. Moreover, this positive effect means that stock prices have a wealth effect on housing prices and these have a credit-price effect on stock prices.

These results provide information to financial institutions and individual investors in China to assist them in constructing investment portfolios within these two asset markets.

The authors first use wavelet analysis to analyze Chinese housing and stock markets and to provide information both on the frequency domain and time domain. Moreover, the authors take the inflation factor as a control variable in the causal relationship between the housing and stock markets.

This paper aims to investigate Chinese bull and bear markets. The Chinese stock market has experienced a long period of bear cycle from early 2000 until 2006, and then it fluctuated greatly until 2010. However, the cyclical behaviour of stock markets during this period is less well established. This paper aims to answer the question why the Chinese stock market experienced a long duration of bear market and what factors would have impacted this cyclical behaviour.

By comparing the intervals of bull and bear markets between stocks and indices based on a Markov switching model, this paper examines whether different industries or A- and B-share markets could lead to different stock market cyclical behaviour and whether firm size can determine the relationship between the firm stock cycles on the market cycles.

This paper finds a high degree of overlapping of bear cycles between stocks and indices and a high level of overlapping between the bear market and a fraction of stock with increasing stock prices. This leads to the conclusion that the stock performance and trading behaviour are widely diversified. Furthermore, the paper finds that the same industry may have different overlapping intervals of bull or bear cycles in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets. Firms with different sizes could have different overlapping intervals with bull or bear cycles.

This paper fills the literature gap by establishing the cyclical behaviour of stock markets.

This paper aims to propose that the extent to which activating self-identity increases resource-saving behavior varies across these three levels of self-identities. In particular, the authors hypothesize that activating relational or collective self-identity increases saving behavior more than activating individual self-identity does. Moreover, activating relational self-identity has a stronger impact on workplace saving behavior than activating collective self-identity does. In addition, the authors suggest that prosocial motive mediates the relationship between the three levels of self-identity and saving behavior.

Workplace saving behavior such as office supply savings could help save organizational resources and build more environmentally conscious organizations. Drawing from self-identity theory, the authors examine the influences of three types of self-identities (i.e. individual, relational and collective self-identities) on workplace resource-saving behaviors.

The results obtained from a field experiment conducted in a Chinese company and an online vignette study generally support the proposed hypotheses. The authors also discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.

The authors contribute to the literature on saving behavior in organizations by studying an individual-level predictor from the perspective of self-identity and the research on self-identity and saving behavior by testing the mediating role played by prosocial motive. Based on the findings, the authors also propose some human resource policies to increase workplace saving behavior.

This study aims to examine the unemployment hysteresis effects from the perspective of the heterogeneity of genders within Asian countries.

The authors use the annual unemployment rate dataset of 12 Asian countries ranging from 1991–2020. Traditional unit root tests are initially employed to investigate the unemployment hysteresis effect. Considering the structural break and cross-section dependence problems, the sequential panel selection method (SPSM) and the Kapetanios–Snell–Shin (KSS) panel unit root test with Fourier functions have proven to be more applicable.

The empirical results indicate that the unemployment rate is stationary in most Asian regions for both females and males, which confirms the mean reversion process of the natural unemployment hypothesis. This suggests that these countries' unemployment rates are flexible to quickly revert to its long-run equilibrium determined by the labor markets. However, only the female unemployment rate in Pakistan and Nepal and adult female unemployment rates in these two economies present non-stationary series. In line with the unemployment hysteresis effect, it means shocks will leave a permanent impact on their labor market.

On the one hand, in most of the Asian countries, it can be inferred that the trade-off between inflation and unemployment is temporary because the natural unemployment hypothesis holds. Therefore, policymakers may consider using monetary policy as a tool to control inflation and stimulate growth during a recession. Such policy measures should not have a long-run impact on unemployment or cause a permanent shift in the natural unemployment rate. On the other hand, the government should implement active labor protective programs such as education or training schemes, job search assistance programs and maternity protection, especially for female adults, to reduce the negative shocks in the economic downturn, which is beneficial for them away from being long-term unemployed. It is also necessary to improve the labor unions to reduce the discrimination between female and male labors.

This paper innovatively concentrates on the heterogeneity performances between genders about the unemployment hysteresis effect within Asian countries. Furthermore, taking into account the age-specific characteristics, the youth and adult unemployment rates have been investigated. Additionally, the approximation of bootstrap distribution and the advanced panel KSS unit root test with a Fourier function are employed. Thereby, targeted policies for the government can be applied to reduce the discrimination and negative shocks on female adults in the labor market.