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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2005

Saif Saleh and Brian H. Kleiner

This article tries to examine concerns and opportunities that American companies may face in the Middle East. American companies and managers should have a better understanding of…

1092

Abstract

This article tries to examine concerns and opportunities that American companies may face in the Middle East. American companies and managers should have a better understanding of this part of the world to be more effective and successful in their operations. This article starts first by describing the demographics, geography, and political composition of the Middle East, and then goes on to address the issues and challenges, for example, unions and security issues that American companies conducting business in the region might face. After discussing the challenges, this article explains the opportunities available, such as; privatisation. Finally, the conclusion is that the Middle East could offer American companies an opportunity to expand their operations, however, for any company to succeed in the region it should have a deep understanding of the culture, politics, and people.

Details

Management Research News, vol. 28 no. 2/3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0140-9174

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 2005

Saif Saleh and Brian H. Kleiner

This article tries to address some of the issues managers face in franchise systems; the use of high tech systems and marketing. Using these two tools in the best way possible is…

5551

Abstract

This article tries to address some of the issues managers face in franchise systems; the use of high tech systems and marketing. Using these two tools in the best way possible is of great importance to franchisees and franchisors. Both the advantages and shortcomings of these aspects are discussed. The importance of such an examination comes from the fact that these tools could be of very high value if applied appropriately or harmful if misapplied. Some examples of franchise systems that have been involved in these aspects are discussed to show the two‐sided nature of the application of them.

Details

Management Research News, vol. 28 no. 2/3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0140-9174

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Article
Publication date: 11 September 2017

Naser Akbari and Ali Ghaffari

This paper was aimed at investigating the impact of knowledge management (KM) procedures on enriching human resources in Water and Waste Water Company in East Azerbaijan, Iran.

4142

Abstract

Purpose

This paper was aimed at investigating the impact of knowledge management (KM) procedures on enriching human resources in Water and Waste Water Company in East Azerbaijan, Iran.

Design/methodology/approach

The samples used in this study included the employees of Water and Waste Water Company in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran. A questionnaire was used for collecting data from the employees of the abovementioned company. Its reliability and validity were first examined and checked. Then, Smart partial least squares 2.0 was used for analyzing the structural model.

Findings

The results acknowledged the validity of the introduced model for enriching human resources. The findings indicated that five variables, namely, kind of knowledge, top managers, information technology, culture and organization of knowledge, have significant impact on enriching human resources.

Research limitations/implications

It is undoubtable that research studies might have specific limitations which should be pointed out and addressed in future studies. The followings are the major limitations of the study: because the present study was carried out in Water and Wastewater Company in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, hence, generalizing the findings of this study to other professional contexts and organizations should be made with caution. In fact, the present study need to be replicated in other context to find whether the same or different results are obtained. In other words, different cultural, contextual and professional conditions might result differently from the ones reported here. Inasmuch as the present study was a cross-sectional study and the data were collected via questionnaire, a longitudinal study with a longer observation and investigation might shed more light on the efficacy of KMS in organizations. The present study focused on a specific dependent variable (human resource empowerment) which was explained by different dimensions of an independent variable, i.e. KM. However, the impact and efficacy of KMS can be investigated on other organizational variables and parameters. In this study, due to certain logistic and real-life limitations such as the limited time of the staff members of the target organization, we had to use only one data-collection instrument. Nevertheless, future studies can use data triangulation so as to better capture professional contexts of the study. Furthermore, another limitation of the study is related to the individual variables of the employees which remained untouched. That is, whether employees’ personal, emotional and cognitive variables can modify the impact of KM on human resource empowerment was not investigated in the present study.

Practical implications

Organizational managers are recommended to provide the background for employees to share their experiences. Organizations should invest on designing and developing patterns and strategic perspectives in human resource empowerment as a key factor toward becoming knowledge-based organizations.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the few applied studies which acknowledged the relationship between knowledge management initiatives and empowering human resources. It addresses the gap between knowledge management and human resource empowerment.

Details

Journal of Knowledge Management, vol. 21 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1367-3270

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Article
Publication date: 14 February 2024

Leila Cheikh Ismail, Hadia Radwan, Tareq Osaili, Eman H. Mustafa, Fatema M. Nasereddin, Hafsa J. Saleh, Sara A. Matar, Sheima T. Saleh, Maysm N. Mohamad, Rameez Al Daour, Radhiya Al Rajaby, Eman R. Saif, Lily Stojanovska and Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri

Nutrition labels provide a cost-effective method of conveying nutrition information to consumers. This study aimed to assess the use of nutrition facts panels, knowledge of…

194

Abstract

Purpose

Nutrition labels provide a cost-effective method of conveying nutrition information to consumers. This study aimed to assess the use of nutrition facts panels, knowledge of traffic light labelling (TLL) and perceived healthiness of food items using TLL among consumers.

Design/methodology/approach

A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) (n = 1,322). TLL knowledge score was derived for each participant. Conjoint analysis was used to calculate the utilities and relative importance of the perceived healthiness scores for four attributes (fat, saturated fat, total sugar, salt) at the aggregate level.

Findings

Participants had a positive attitude towards TLL but were less familiar with TLL than the nutrition facts panel (47.4 vs 85.8%). The mean TLL knowledge score was 3.6 out of 7 (51.6%). Younger age, higher education, higher income, and health-related qualifications were associated with higher scores. Conjoint analysis showed that participants tend to choose products with greener labels, especially for sugars (80.1%) and avoid red labels for fats. Sugars had the highest percentage value of relative importance compared to the other attributes (27.1%).

Originality/value

The study outcomes offer valuable insights into the extent of consumer awareness, comprehension and utilization of nutrition facts panels in the UAE. These findings contribute essential knowledge for a deeper understanding of the impact of nutrition labels on consumer behaviour and decision-making in the region.

Details

British Food Journal, vol. 126 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 8 April 2021

Abdulazeez Y.H. Saif-Alyousfi and Asish Saha

This paper aims to examine the effect of bank-specific, financial structure and macroeconomic factors on the risk-taking behavior, stability and profitability of banks in Gulf…

1804

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the effect of bank-specific, financial structure and macroeconomic factors on the risk-taking behavior, stability and profitability of banks in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies during 1998–2017.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a two-step system generalized method of moments dynamic model to analyze the data.

Findings

The results show that non-traditional activities increase the risk and decrease the stability and profitability of banks that are highly capitalized, highly liquid and large. Banks in this group are less engaged in securities investments and their higher degree of loan exposure leads to a decrease in risk and an increase in their stability and profitability. Higher concentration increases the risk and decreases the stability and profitability of banks that are less capitalized, less liquid and small. Banks with a higher share of non-traditional activities are riskier and less stable and less profitable before the financial crisis. The study finds that banks with relatively higher capitalization and high lending growth rates are riskier, profitable and less stable during the crisis. Larger commercial banks are less risky and more stable and profitable than smaller banks before the global financial crisis. Islamic banks performed better in terms of fee income, capitalization, liquidity, asset quality and have higher market concentration than conventional banks.

Originality/value

The study provides the first comprehensive empirical evidence on the drivers of risk-taking behavior, stability and profitability of the GCC banks. It also investigates the differences across these variables based on the characteristics of financial strength such as capitalization, liquidity and size; before, during and after the financial crisis; and differences between Islamic and conventional banks.

Details

International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, vol. 14 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8394

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Article
Publication date: 18 November 2019

Mujeeb Saif Mohsen Al-Absy, Ku Nor Izah Ku Ismail and Sitraselvi Chandren

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the characteristics of audit committee chairman (ACC) (tenure, age, gender, ethnicity, accounting expertise and…

1229

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the characteristics of audit committee chairman (ACC) (tenure, age, gender, ethnicity, accounting expertise and directorship) on earnings management (EM) practices.

Design/methodology/approach

The Jones model and modified Jones model by Dechow et al. (1995) were used to determine the discretionary accruals (DA) of 288 Malaysian listed firms with lowest positive earnings for the years 2013‒2015.

Findings

The results of the ordinary least squares regression indicate that only tenure, gender and ethnicity of the ACC are associated with DA. A further test was conducted by dividing firms into two groups: firms whose boards are chaired by a family member and firms whose boards are chaired by a non-family member. The results reveal that it is possible for firms whose boards are chaired by family members to cause the corporate governance (CG) mechanisms, particularly the audit committee, to lose their effectiveness in overcoming the EM problem. In addition, robustness tests were conducted by using panel data regression, where the results were found to be similar to the original regression results.

Originality/value

This study alerts policymakers, firms and their stakeholders, as well as researchers, regarding the importance of having an independent board chairman, who has no relationship with any directors or major shareholders, as this may hinder the effectiveness of CG mechanisms in curbing EM, especially in emerging countries, such as Malaysia, where it is very difficult to stop members of the family from becoming board directors.

Details

Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, vol. 11 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-4323

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Article
Publication date: 4 June 2024

Moch. Doddy Ariefianto, Tasha Sutanto and Cecilia Jesslyn

This study aims to investigate the dynamic relationships between profitability, credit risk, liquidity risk and capital in Indonesian banking industry.

70

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the dynamic relationships between profitability, credit risk, liquidity risk and capital in Indonesian banking industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a panel vector autoregression model that incorporates macroeconomic variables: growth, interest rate, foreign exchange. The analysis is based on a monthly panel data set of 88 banks spanning from January 2012 to September 2021, which comprises 10,296 bank-month observations.

Findings

Our key findings highlight (i) permanent credit cost and liquidity cost pass through practices, (ii) complementary function of liquidity and capital, (iii) earning management motivated asset write off and (iv) credit risk-liquidity risk neutrality. In addition, the authors observe that the banks demonstrated resilience to macroeconomic shocks.

Research limitations/implications

Our study have shown some interesting dynamic patterns of fundamentals; nevertheless, unified theoretical underpinning of the process is still unavailable. This should be an important future reasearch avenue.

Practical implications

The study brings significant implications for regulatory and supervisory practices aimed at enhancing the financial stability of banks.

Originality/value

We conduct estimation of Indonesian banks system in dynamic perspective and perform impulses responses.

Details

Journal of Financial Economic Policy, vol. 16 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-6385

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Article
Publication date: 27 February 2007

Jane Bridger

This study aims to explore the lived experience of learning for a group of staff nurses in the Middle East, who undertook a post‐registration nursing education programme in the…

2011

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to explore the lived experience of learning for a group of staff nurses in the Middle East, who undertook a post‐registration nursing education programme in the speciality of nephrology nursing (the NNP) between 2001 and 2002. The broad‐based curriculum seeks to develop the staff nurses into active learners, able to utilise a new body of specialist nursing knowledge and skills, which challenges their previous behaviourist learning tradition. This study seeks to identify the students' experience of trying to incorporate new learning strategies into their practice, and the effects they experienced as a result.

Design/methodology/approach

Case study methodology was used to study this unique group of 20 participants. Data were collected using focus group interviews, combined with field observations and document reviews.

Findings

Thematic analysis revealed three themes, “Social‐cultural influences on learning” with two sub‐themes, “Past experiences of learning” with two sub‐themes, and “Transforming the learning experience” with three sub‐themes.

Research limitations/implications

Curriculum development in developing countries should aim to prepare practitioners to meet international standards. However, such development has to take account of, and integrate, students' values, beliefs, and experiences, and acknowledge their particular challenges with respect to learning. The preparation for active learners has to include the “tools” to cope with, and change, the cultural and organisational situation in which they find themselves, including knowledge of an organisation's culture to facilitate effective learning to fit the needs of the workplace.

Originality/value

The research provides a unique insight into the learning experiences of a particular cultural group.

Details

Journal of Workplace Learning, vol. 19 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1366-5626

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Article
Publication date: 17 March 2022

Abdullah Bugshan, Sally Alnahdi, Husam Ananzeh and Faisal Alnori

Since it is believed that economic growth in oil-rich countries is highly influenced by oil price movements, this study aims to explore the relationship between oil price…

382

Abstract

Purpose

Since it is believed that economic growth in oil-rich countries is highly influenced by oil price movements, this study aims to explore the relationship between oil price volatility (uncertainty) and earnings-management decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

Financial data from oil-exporting countries were used to explore the relationship between oil price volatility and earnings-management decisions. The study used univariate and multivariate analysis. The modified Jones model is the proxy accrual earnings management. Further, the standard deviation of daily oil price returns is used to proxy annualised oil price volatility.

Findings

The results show that there is an association between oil price volatility and accrual earnings management. Specifically, there is a positive and significant relationship between negative accruals and oil price volatility, indicating that firms are inclined to conduct income-decreasing earnings management in periods of high oil price volatility.

Research limitations/implications

This study’s findings have important implications for regulators and investors because they indicate that the uncertainty of oil price volatility has an influence on earnings quality in oil-dependent economies. This is especially important considering the ongoing debate on transparency issues.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the relationship between oil prices volatility and earning management behaviour for non-financial firms. Further, the study uses unique data of oil-dependent economies.

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Article
Publication date: 21 June 2023

Tanzina Akhter, Zairihan Abdul Halim, Saima Mehzabin, Ahanaf Shahriar and Md. Abul Kalam Azad

The global financial crisis of 2008 has put greater doubt on the bank risk-management effectiveness around the world. As a part of the response to such doubt, the Gulf Cooperation…

216

Abstract

Purpose

The global financial crisis of 2008 has put greater doubt on the bank risk-management effectiveness around the world. As a part of the response to such doubt, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region is formulating some feasible approaches to manage bank risk. In this regard, an understanding of the role of the region’s culture and economic freedom will provide immense input into this risk management approach. This study examines the impact of national culture and economic freedom on bank risk-taking behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Data on bank risk measures, culture and economic freedom are obtained from the FitchConnect, World Bank database, Hofstede’s insights and Heritage Foundation. Generalized least squares and two step-system generalized method of moments are then used to examine the risk-taking behavior of the region.

Findings

Banks of the GCC region operating in the low power distance, high collectivism, masculine and low uncertainty avoidance cultures are susceptible to assuming more operational and insolvency risks. Furthermore, banks’ overall risk-taking inclination is positively increased once the region has considerable business and monetary freedom.

Practical implications

The governments and bank regulatory bodies may benefit from the study findings by developing the best economic freedom index and national culture that enriches risk management practices and curves excessive risk-taking inclination.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to address the interplay among culture, economic freedom and bank risk to ensure constructive risk-taking behavior for the GCC banking industry.

Details

International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, vol. 16 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8394

Keywords

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