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While educational infrastructure is consistently identified as a key lever for educational change, it is often overlooked in research and practice and specifically in relation to technology in schools. By using educational infrastructure as a lens to examine a group of districts' implementation of 1:1 programs, this work provides opportunities for understanding and approaching technology programs in new, and potentially more effective, ways.

Using the concept of educational infrastructure (Mehta and Fine, 2015; Peurach and Neumerski, 2015), this multiple-case study explores the ways superintendents and district technology leaders understand and enact 1:1 technology initiatives to support educational change.

The authors find these leaders see 1:1 technology as both embedded in, and engaged in changing, the physical, cultural, instructional and leadership infrastructures. This suggests that 1:1 technology can act as an infrastructure itself and has the potential to support changes to teaching and learning across the system.

This study offers a new perspective to understand and enact the opportunities of 1:1 technology. Specifically, it helps to reframe technology programs away from discrete classroom or school-based interventions to consider and attend to the system-level resources they require and thus increase benefits they can produce. While always useful, such considerations are particularly important in the current context and the proliferation of online learning for so many.

In the context of the publication of a survey commissioned by the Library Association into library and learning resources in further education (FE), the authors identify the key findings of a series of similar surveys of libraries and learning resource centres in the FE sector in Wales, carried out between 1984 and 1997. The impact of growth in student numbers, changes in funding and management arrangements at national and local levels, and quality assurance mechanisms, is explored. The study also describes the major problems associated with quantitative and qualitative research in this sector, compares the results achieved and identifies areas for future research.

LONG before man learnt to make fire by the friction of wood, he experienced the burden of friction in dragging home his kill. Perhaps it is not too fanciful to suppose that the torn sides of his beast gave the first solid lubricant. Blood and mutton fat were seriously recommended as lubricants for church bell trunnions as recently as the 17th century. Indoed we still reckon fatty acids the best of all boundary lubricants. The range of man's activities has increased enormously in the present century, and particularly in the last few decades. Men have circled the earth in space; a space ship is on its way to examine another planet; terrestrial man is boring to the bottom of the earth's crust; others have descended to the depths of the ocean, and oven established a home on the floor of the Mediterranean, Speeds have increased by factors of thousands, temperatures range from near absolute zero to thousands of degrees; and a new environment of high‐intensity nuclear radiation has been created. Still, objects must move over and along each other in these exotic conditions; and to a large extent solid lubricants can provide the answer to the frictional problems.

Part One which appeared in our March issue dealt with Cylinder Lubrication and Wear and referred to Corrosive and Abrasive Wear and the Effects of Sulphur Compounds. This is a further extract from Mr. Clark's book on The Lubrication of Marine Machinery which will be published later this year.

Heat and fluid flow through a trapezoidal cooling chamber were studied numerically. Hot fluid is assumed inflow at some depth below the surface into one end of the chamber and withdrawn at another depth from the other end. The top of the chamber is exposed to the surrounding for cooling and the remaining side‐walls are all insulated. Inflow Reynolds number Ro considered is in the range of 100 to 1000 and the inlet densimetric Froude number Fo considered is in the range of 0.5 to 50.0. Numerical experiments show that the flow and temperature fields in the flow‐through trapezoidal chamber are strong function of both Fo and Ro. The submergence ratio D/do, chamber length to depth ratio L/D and chamber wall angles are also significant in influencing the flow fields. Comparisons were also made with available experimental and prototype data.

Examines the role of outcome quality as a determinant of overall service quality in three different categories of services. Indicates that outcome quality is significant in determining the overall service quality of services with search and experience outcome quality but not of those with credence outcome quality. Offers practitioners managerial implications, illustrating how to use the approach used in the study to understand the customer’s evaluation of service quality.

For this study 334 patients during their stay in the recovery room were assigned to the following groups: ‘comfortable’, in ‘pain’ and in ‘severe pain’. Fourteen per cent of patients awoke from anaesthesia in ‘pain’ and 10% were discharged to the ward in ‘pain’. Thirty‐seven per cent of patients using patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) in the recovery room were discharged in ‘pain’; 63% of these patients had neither been prescribed nor given a ‘loading dose’ in the recovery room. Forty‐eight per cent of patients receiving sole intramuscular opioid analgesia were discharged in ‘pain’. Ninety per cent who received nurse‐administered ‘prn’ intravenous bolus opioids were discharged ‘comfortable’. An algorithm was therefore developed for the administration of loading doses of intravenous opioids in the recovery unit to be used by recovery nursing staff prior to PCA or other analgesic methods. An early re‐audit established that the algorithm became widely adopted by anaesthetists, was safe and produced comparable discharge pain scores.

Information technology is a facilitator in knowledge diffusion by enabling individuals to communicate directly in personal exchange. This includes interactive communications through newsgroups and discussion groups. Two discussion groups were analysed, the Social Work Discussion Group SOCWORK, and ABUSE‐L, a professional forum for child abuse issues. Three types of communication were identified: information transfer, requests for information and discussion of issues. The discussion of issues was the main type of communication in both discussion groups, followed by the request for information and then information transfer. Communications in the discussion groups were dominated by a small number of people. Policy issues were the main topic of discussion in both groups. The control of information technology by academics appears to limit the participation of social work practitioners in determining the agenda of the discussion group or the contents of the communications. Social worker practitioners have not increased their access to information even though the technology to make it accessible exists.

Within the last decade of the twentieth century, the apparel industry in Hong Kong has been undergoing drastic changes. These changes mainly stem from the challenges of process globalization, which has led to manufacturers shifting a majority of production processes to countries that entail better cost‐competitive advantages, while retaining crucial planning and decision‐making services centrally. Industrialists, educators and even the Government have made a great deal of effort to enhance the provision of high quality service in an attempt to transform the industry strategically into a centre of service excellence in the South‐East Asian region. However, without accredited standard and reference points, the measuring and monitoring of quality in manufacture‐related service is very vague and perplexing. In this paper, the authors first review the extant literature for measuring perceived quality in service provision and then explore the respective implementation issues. A Servqual scale in three‐column format, adapted from the service quality measurement scale proposed by Parasuraman (1995), is used to survey the opinion of international buying offices and to assess the Hong Kong apparel manufacturers’service performance. Two expectation‐discrepancy standards in Service Adequacy and Service Superiority are constructed to measure the service deficiency (gaps). As a result the authors learnt that there are empirical differences between what is perceived in the existing manufacturer’s service performance and what the buyer side really desires. The paper concludes with a discussion of the Servqual modelling operational implications and future research directions.

Hydrogen pick‐up during corro‐sion of zirconium alloys. Several factors such as alloy composition, hydrogen content of the alloy, surface hydrides and hydrogen content of the water have been investigated for their effect upon the amount of hydrogen picked up by zirconium alloys during corrosion in 680°F. water. Metallic additions of nickel increase hydrogen pick‐up, antimony, chromium, and iron appear to decrease the hydrogen pick‐up, while the addition of tin has little or no effect. The hydrogen content of the metal (50 to 4,000 p.p.m.) or of the water (0 to 2 atm. of hydrogen pressure) does not appreciably change the amount of hydrogen picked up by the alloys covered in the report (B.M.I.X. 1380, price $0.75).