Index

Aging and the Family: Understanding Changes in Structural and Relationship Dynamics

ISBN: 978-1-80071-491-5, eISBN: 978-1-80071-490-8

ISSN: 1530-3535

Publication date: 25 February 2021

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2021), "Index", Claster, P.N. and Blair, S.L. (Ed.) Aging and the Family: Understanding Changes in Structural and Relationship Dynamics (Contemporary Perspectives in Family Research, Vol. 17), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 293-301. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1530-353520210000017015

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

Note: Page numbers followed by “n” indicate endnotes.

AARP Public Policy Institute
, 86–87

Activities of daily life. See Activities of daily living (ADLs)

Activities of daily living (ADLs)
, 4, 64, 85, 89, 184, 194

and dependency
, 193

Actual caregivers in times of need
, 195

Additional aids for non-cohabiting elderly
, 169–170

“Ädel reform”
, 10

Advice network size
, 235

Affectual dimension of intergenerational relations
, 150

Age/aging
, 130

group
, 239

identities
, 194–199

index
, 43

of marital partner
, 216

population
, 40

society
, 2, 99

Agencies
, 77

agency support
, 73–74

Aging women in contemporary Indian families
, 185–186

age identities, and habitus of family
, 194–199

attitude of family toward medical needs
, 207

care
, 186–188

emotional support
, 188–190

family, roles, and work
, 190–192

HRQOL
, 192–194

issues of family care and QOL
, 182–185

matrilineal system of family in Kerala
, 181–182

reasons for negative attitude of family members
, 207

Aide–family dynamics
, 68

factors influencing
, 72–74

types
, 75

Akaike information criterion (AIC)
, 135, 219

“Alternative lifestyles”
, 156–157

American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)
, 84

Analytic plan
, 254–255

Anxiety
, 84, 217, 222, 224

Artha (prosperity)
, 198

Ashrama system
, 198

Assessment of care needs
, 10–11

“Assistive” care
, 66

Associational dimension of intergenerational relations
, 150

“Automobility of family life”
, 161

Average marginal effects (AME)
, 107, 114

Basic Pension
, 9

Bayesian information criterion (BIC)
, 135

Be a Good Citizen and Take Good Care of Themselves and Their Families theme
, 148–149, 151

Be Obedient theme
, 147, 149, 151

Beja (medium-sized city), 174n7

Biographical disruptions
, 230

“Biståndshandläggare”
, 17

Bivariate analysis
, 278–279

Black women
, 274

Bourdieu’s Practice theory
, 183

Brahmacharya (student)
, 187, 198

Bridging aids for non-cohabiting elderly
, 170–171

Carative relationships
, 66, 70, 72

Care
, 3

of aging women in India
, 186–188

convoys
, 65

home care workers, families, and the co-production
, 65–66

on microlevel
, 7–11

Care managers (CMs)
, 3–4, 10–11

Care Recipient (CR)
, 4

Caregivers
, 89

Caregiving
, 84, 187

activities
, 116

duration
, 85

grandmothers
, 125–126

Caregiving burden
, 84–86

analysis
, 89

data
, 87

discussion
, 91–93

measurement
, 88–89

results
, 89–91

statistically significant relationships
, 91

Caring for aging population
, 79

Case Management
, 8

Case manager. See Care managers (CMs)

Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D scale)
, 129, 131

“Change in Trends of Vietnamese Family Characteristics in International Integration Process” Project, 59n3

Chi-square tests
, 192

Child care
, 124, 126, 129

China, growth in internal migration in
, 143

China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)
, 144

Chinese society
, 143–144

Chinese-American grandparents
, 100

Chow test
, 111

Class
, 158

Classical marriage patterns
, 210

CMs/SWs
, 3, 17–20, 33

analysis of vignettes
, 19–29

Japanese CMs/SWs
, 21, 23

reasoning
, 30

Swedish CM/SW
, 10

Co-production of care
, 65–66

perceptions of
, 70–72

Codes
, 146

Coding
, 146

Cohabitation
, 219

Collaborative model of home care
, 78

Collaborative relationships
, 66

Community activities in Viet Nam
, 47–50

Community care model in Korea
, 11

Community-based integrated care system
, 8

Community-based organizations
, 50

Comparative Asian Family Survey (CAFS), 58n1

Comparative fit index (CFI)
, 89

Competitive relationships
, 66, 70–71, 75

“Complementary” labor
, 66

Confidant network size
, 235

Confucian culture
, 149–150

Confucianism
, 8

Consensual dimension of intergenerational relations
, 150

Content analysis
, 146, 149

Control(s)
, 130

negotiating power and
, 75–76

variables
, 239

Conventional relationships
, 66

Correlations
, 279–281

Covariates
, 106

Croatia
, 213

liberation and emancipation of women in
, 222–223

Cultural family
, 49

Custodial grandmothers
, 130

Decommercialization
, 13

Defamilialization
, 29–30

through public provision
, 7

Defamilization
, 13

Deinstitutionalization
, 156–158

Demographic characteristics

of population aging in Viet Nam
, 43–44

related to older adults’ care
, 44–47

Demographic covariates
, 254

Dependent variable
, 105–106, 219

Depression
, 84, 218, 222, 224

Depressive symptoms
, 129

by grandparenting
, 135

Korean grandparenting and
, 133–135

Descriptive statistics
, 239, 240, 277

by relationship status
, 255–256

Deuniversalization
, 14

Dharma (righteous living)
, 198

Difficult ties network size
, 236

Distraction
, 169

Diversity in family relations
, 150

Divorce in Vietnamese culture
, 46

Divorced people
, 256–258

“Doi Moi” policy (Renovation), 44, 46, 50, 59n4

Domestic workers in Viet Nam
, 52

Dyad variables
, 219

Ecological systems theory
, 12

Education
, 55–56, 130, 216

Educational attainment
, 239

Elder care
, 40

in family during first two decades of 21st century
, 52–57

in traditional Vietnamese family
, 40–43

Elderly parents

economic support to
, 54

emotional support to
, 53

support patterns
, 52–53

support to elderly parents through regular daily housework
, 53–54

support to older parents by social groups
, 54–57

Emotional factors and marital satisfaction
, 271–272

Emotional intimacy
, 218, 222, 224

Emotional support of aging women in India
, 188–190

Employment status
, 239

Enumeration districts (EDs)
, 105

Evaluations
, 99

Évora (Portuguese city)
, 159

Expertise
, 75–76

External support and supervision
, 76–77

Ezhavas
, 181

Familialism

by default
, 7

prescribed
, 7

supported
, 7

“Familialist” regime
, 13

Familism/familialism
, 4

“Familistic” welfare regimes
, 7

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
, 86

Family Routines Inventory (FRI), 174n5

Family/families
, 65–66

care to formal care in Korea
, 13–14

caregivers
, 84

dynamics
, 65

emotional support
, 253, 257–259, 261–262

habitus of
, 194–199

in India
, 180–181

Indian women in
, 185–186

matrilineal system in Kerala
, 181–182

occasions
, 159–160

practices
, 158

rituals
, 158–159

social–structural changes of
, 190–191

Filial child
, 147–148, 151

Filial piety
, 142

in changing context
, 143–144

coding
, 146

discussion
, 149–152

as personal trait
, 143

procedures and sample characteristics
, 145–146

results
, 146–148

study location
, 144–145

traditional meanings and subconstructs
, 142

Financial strain
, 84

“Floating couple”
, 156–157

Formerly married cohabiters
, 259

Formerly married daters
, 259

Friend emotional support
, 253, 258–259, 261–262

Full-time grandchild care
, 136

Functional dimension of intergenerational relations
, 150–151

Gender
, 216, 222, 249–251

descriptive statistics by
, 255–256

differences
, 101–102, 109

identity
, 239

Generational interdependence
, 186

Geography
, 158

Goodness-of-fit statistics
, 135

Grandchild care
, 126, 136–137

Grandmothers
, 112

Grandparent caregivers

non-residential
, 100

scholarship on well-being of
, 98

Grandparent caregiving
, 98–99

analysis strategy
, 107–109

covariates
, 106

cross-cultural comparisons
, 99–100

data
, 105

dependent variable
, 105–106

description of sample
, 109, 114

discussion
, 99–111

independent variables
, 106

measurement
, 105–109

multivariate analyses
, 114–115

multivariate logistic regression results
, 109

research on non-custodial
, 100

theoretical framework
, 100–105

Grandparent child care
, 104

Grandparent–grandchild emotional bonds
, 112

Grandparenthood
, 157

Grandparenting
, 124–126

in Jamaican context
, 102–104

and well-being
, 101–102

Grihastha (householder)
, 187

Grihasthashrama
, 198

Habitus of family
, 194–199

Health behaviors
, 130

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL)
, 183–184, 192–194

Help Older Parents When in Times of Need theme
, 147–151

High multiplex network
, 238

Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act 1956
, 182

Hindu Succession Act
, 182

Hinduism
, 180

stages in life of individual in
, 187

Hispanics
, 99

Home care
, 4

collaborative model of
, 78

Home care networks
, 77–79

Home care workers (HCWs)
, 64–66

Home health agencies
, 77

Home health aides (HHAs)
, 64–66

aides’ perception of role
, 68–70

analysis
, 68

conceptualizing home care networks
, 77–79

data collection
, 67–68

design and methods
, 66

external support and supervision
, 76–77

factors influencing aide–family dynamics
, 72–74

negotiating power and control
, 75–76

participant characteristics
, 67

perceptions of co-production of care
, 70–72

recruitment
, 66–67

Identity Cocoons
, 198–199

Illams
, 180

Independent relationships
, 70–71

Independent variables
, 106

Indian family, 180–181. See also Aging women in contemporary Indian families

Individualization
, 156–158

Injury helps network size
, 235–236

Institute for Family and Gender Studies (IFGS), 58n1, 59n5

Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon (ICS-UL), 174n2

Institution
, 2

Instrumental activities of daily life. See Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
, 88–89, 184, 195

Integrated Community Care System
, 6

Intellectual intimacy
, 218

Interclass correlation (ICC)
, 219

Intergenerational relationships
, 98, 124, 136

Intergenerational self-help clubs model (ISC model)
, 49

Interpersonal variables
, 218–219

Jamaica
, 102–103

grandparenting in
, 102–104

institutional support for older adults
, 103–104

Jamaican grandparents’ characteristics by gender
, 107–108

labor force participation rates
, 104

multivariate logistic regression odds ratios
, 118–120

Japan

analysis of vignettes
, 19–29

data analysis
, 18

demography of participants
, 16

ethical considerations
, 18–19

findings related to defamilialization
, 29–30

LTCI system of Japan
, 5

methodological considerations and limitations
, 18

pattern of supported defamilialization
, 7

relationship between family-based and formal support services
, 31

reshaping family care
, 12–13

trustworthiness of vignette study
, 19

vignettes
, 15–17

welfare regimes
, 3, 7

Joint Family System (Abolition) Act 1975
, 182

Kāma (desire)
, 198

Karanavan
, 187, 191, 203

Katz scale
, 184

Kerala

matrilineal system of family in
, 181–182

Tharavadu among Nayars in
, 180

Kerala Joint family Abolition Act of 1976
, 182

Kin keepers
, 188, 190

Korea
, 2, 124

analysis of vignettes
, 19–29

community care model in
, 11

data analysis
, 18

demography of participants
, 16

ethical considerations
, 18–19

findings related to defamilialization
, 29–30

LTCI operating system
, 10

methodological considerations and limitations
, 18

pattern of supported defamilialization
, 7

relationship between family-based and formal support services
, 32

role of state
, 9

shift from family care to formal care
, 13–14

trustworthiness of vignette study
, 19

vignette study
, 15–17

welfare regimes
, 3, 7

Korean grandmothers and mental health
, 127–128

Korean grandparenting
, 124–125

analytic strategy
, 130–131

data
, 128–129

and depressive symptoms trajectories
, 133–135

discussion
, 135–137

empirical evidence and mental health
, 126–127

measurement
, 129–130

sample characteristics
, 131–133

theoretical perspectives
, 125–126

Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA)
, 128–131

Kshatriyas
, 181

Labor force participation rates among older Jamaicans
, 104

Land Reforms Act of 1956
, 182

Latin America and Caribbean (LAC)
, 98, 104

Life satisfaction
, 99, 101

multivariate logistic regression odds ratios
, 110–113

older adults’
, 116

Linear mixed model
, 257–258

Linxi County
, 144–145

Loneliness in widowhood
, 189

Long-term care

recipients
, 93

research
, 77

services
, 64

Long-term care insurance (LTCI)
, 2, 4, 9–10

operating system in Korea
, 10

system of Japan
, 5–6

Long-term caregiving
, 85, 92

Long-term marriages
, 210–215, 222, 224–225

Madras Nambuthiri Act
, 181

Maintain Frequent Contact and Show Emotional Care theme
, 147, 149–151

Makkathayam (Patriliny) system
, 182

“Mandatory” crossing point
, 166

Marital quality
, 211, 218–219, 222, 224, 274

Marital quality index (MQI)
, 218–219

Marital satisfaction in older adults, 270. See also Parental divorce and separation; Sexual satisfaction in long-term marriages

bivariate analysis
, 278–279

comparison of models
, 282–285

correlations
, 279–281

data and sample population
, 275

descriptive statistics
, 277

hypotheses and conceptual model
, 275

mental and emotional factors and marital satisfaction
, 271–272

multivariate analysis
, 281–282

other factors and marital satisfaction
, 273–274

physical health and marital satisfaction
, 270–271

sample characteristics
, 278

sexual behaviors and marital satisfaction
, 272–273

univariate analysis
, 276–278

variables and measurement
, 275–276

Marital sexual satisfaction
, 224

Marital status
, 239

in Vietnamese population
, 45

Mark and Lasslo’s model
, 214

Market-oriented consumerist culture
, 191

Marriage
, 268

burnout
, 218

duration
, 219, 224

importance
, 268

Married people
, 256–258

Marumakkathayam system
, 182

Matrilineal system of family in Kerala
, 181–182

Maximum likelihood (ML)
, 219

“Mechanization” of tasks
, 163

Medicare
, 92

Medium-sized city
, 156

Mental factors and marital satisfaction
, 271–272

Mental health

empirical evidence on Korean grandparenting and
, 126–127

Korean grandmothers and
, 127–128

Mesosystem
, 12

Migration effect on delivery of care for elderly
, 51

Moderating factor
, 86–87

Modified Chow tests
, 283

Moksha (liberation)
, 187, 198

Multigenerational household grandparenting
, 129, 133

Multiplex relationships
, 232

Multiplexity
, 231, 236–238

Multivariate analysis
, 281–282

on grandparent caregiving
, 114–115

Muslims
, 181

Nambudiris in Kerala
, 180–182

National Alliance for Caregiving (NAC)
, 86

National Basic Livelihood Security (NBLS)
, 9

National Health Insurance Service (NHIS)
, 9–10

National Opinion Research Center (NORC)
, 275

National Pension and Public Assistance System
, 9

National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO)
, 184, 192

National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP)
, 275

Nayars
, 181

Negotiating power and control
, 75–76

Neighborhood social ties
, 253, 258–259, 262–263

Network composition, parental divorce effects on
, 240, 242

Network disruption
, 232

Network multiplexity

OLS regression of parental divorce on
, 242

parental divorce effects on
, 242–243

Never marrieds
, 259

Non-cohabiting elderly
, 156

data collection
, 158–160

grandparents behind scenes
, 165–172

metaphors of gender work
, 163–165

parents on move
, 160–163

Non-coresident grandparenting
, 129

Non-farm employment opportunities
, 51

Nonsexual predictors
, 215

Normative dimension of intergenerational relations
, 151

Number of children in family
, 219

“Obedience” theme
, 142

Older adults
, 248, 268–269

analysis of vignettes
, 19–29

data and methods
, 15–19

findings related to defamilialization
, 29–30

health status
, 106–107

life satisfaction
, 116

research context
, 12–15

social security system for
, 9

theoretical framework
, 11–12

vignette of caring for
, 38

welfare regimes, policy and care on microlevel
, 7–11

Older adults’ care

family demographic characteristics related to
, 44–47

legal framework and community activities
, 47–50

socio-economic changes
, 50–52

Oldest–old women
, 191

Ordinary least squares regression (OLS regression)
, 281–282

for marital satisfaction by race/ethnicity
, 283, 285

for marital satisfaction by sex
, 282–284

Paid care
, 64–65

Paid family leave
, 84

Paid HCWs
, 64

Paid Leave in United States
, 86–87

Parental divorce and separation, 230, 240. See also Marital satisfaction in older adults

advice network size
, 235

age group
, 239

analytic approach
, 239, 240

confidant network size
, 235

control variables
, 239

descriptive statistics
, 239, 240

difficult ties network size
, 236

discussion
, 243–244

effects on network composition
, 240, 242

effects on network multiplexity
, 242–243

high multiplex network
, 238

injury helps network size
, 235–236

long-term impacts
, 231

measurement
, 234–235

multiple OLS regression
, 241

multiplexity
, 236–238

network disruption
, 232

practical help network size
, 235

respondent helps network size
, 236

social activity network size
, 235

theoretical framework and hypotheses
, 232–233

total network size
, 236

UCNets
, 233–234

Participation in key decision-making
, 218, 222, 224

Partitioning of variance
, 282

Partner’s physical attractiveness
, 217, 222–224

Partners’ health and well-being
, 211

Patriarchy
, 214, 217

Perceived global stress
, 217

Perceptions
, 192–194

Personal care attendants (PCAs)
, 64

Personal trait, filial piety as
, 143

Personal variables
, 216–218

Photo elicitation method
, 184–185, 197

Physical health and marital satisfaction
, 270–271

Physical strain
, 92

Planned aid for non-cohabiting elderly
, 165–169

Policy on microlevel
, 7–11

Population aging
, 40, 115

advanced stages
, 2, 30

demographic characteristics in Viet Nam
, 43–44

Portugal
, 158–159

difficulties in balancing professional and family life
, 166

Practical help network size
, 235

Prescribed familialism
, 7

Primary stressor
, 85

Private care centers for elderly
, 52

Provide Material Support to Parents theme
, 148–151

Public Support
, 8–11

Quality of life (QOL)
, 182, 184, 194

Race-ethnicity
, 239

OLS regression for marital satisfaction by
, 283, 285

t-tests for mean differences by
, 279

(Re)familialization
, 8–11

Realities
, 192–194

Recreational intimacy
, 218, 222, 224

Relationship status
, 249–251, 253–254

descriptive statistics by
, 255–256

Relationships
, 156–157

carative
, 66, 70, 72

collaborative
, 66

competitive
, 66, 70–71, 75

conventional
, 66

independent
, 70–71

satisfaction
, 272

Religiosity as ideology
, 217

Religious affiliation
, 239

Religious worship
, 197

Reshaping family care in Japan
, 12–13

Respect and appreciation
, 73

Respect theme
, 147, 149

Respondent helps network size
, 236

Reverse Metamorphosis
, 198–199

Risk
, 157–158

Role ambiguity
, 64

Role conflict
, 64

Role enhancement theory
, 125

Role strain theory
, 125–126, 136

Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)
, 89

Sanyasa (renunciate)
, 187, 198

Särskilt boende (SÄBO)
, 5, 22, 29

Secondary stressor
, 85–86

Self-esteem
, 217, 222

Self-identity
, 197–199

Sex

importance of
, 269–270

OLS regression for marital satisfaction by
, 282–284

t-tests for mean differences by
, 278

Sexual behaviors and marital satisfaction
, 272–273

Sexual predictors
, 214

Sexual quality of life (SQoL)
, 272

Sexual satisfaction in long-term marriages, 211–212, 219, 222–223. See also Marital satisfaction in older adults

discussion
, 222–225

educational structure
, 216

estimates of fixed effects
, 220–221

results of theoretical model
, 219–222

sample
, 214–216

study limitation
, 225

theoretical model
, 214

variables and measures
, 216–219

Sexuality
, 273

Shared care
, 30

Skipped-generation household grandparenting
, 125, 137

Sloka from Manusmrithi
, 186–187

Small families
, 40

Social activity network size
, 235

Social connectedness
, 249–251

Social convoy model
, 248

Social intimacy
, 218

Social network

closeness
, 252–253, 256–257, 259

and support
, 231–232

Social network experiences of older adults

analytic plan
, 254–255

current study
, 251–252

demographic covariates
, 254

discussion
, 259–260

family emotional support
, 253, 257–259, 261–262

friend emotional support
, 253, 258–259, 261–262

gender
, 249–251

implications
, 263

linear mixed model
, 257–258

neighborhood social ties
, 253, 258–259, 262–263

participants
, 252

relationship status
, 249–251, 253–254

social connectedness
, 249–251

social network characteristics
, 260–261

social network closeness
, 252–253, 256–257, 259

strengths and limitations
, 263

talk frequency
, 253, 257, 259

Social security system for older adults
, 9

Social support
, 130, 231

long-term impacts
, 231

Social workers (SWs)
, 3–4, 10–11

Socialization of care
, 12–13

Social–structural changes of families
, 190–191

Socio-demographic variables
, 106

Socio-economic changes in Viet Nam
, 50–52

Socioeconomic status (SES)
, 128, 130–131, 133

Socioemotional selectivity theory (SST)
, 248

Socionom
, 4

Somatization
, 217

South Korea. See Korea

Special care
, 167

Spiritual activities
, 197

Strategic transgressions
, 76

Stress
, 84

process framework
, 84–85

Structural dimension of intergenerational relations
, 151

Subjective health
, 216–217

Subjective well-being (SWB)
, 99, 183–184, 192

Supervision, external support and
, 76–77

Supervisors
, 77

Supported defamilialization through market
, 7

Supported familialism
, 7

Sweden

analysis of vignettes
, 19–29

data analysis
, 18

demography of participants
, 16

ethical considerations
, 18–19

findings related to defamilialization
, 29–30

methodological considerations and limitations
, 18

relationship between family-based and formal support services
, 32–33

trustworthiness of vignette study
, 19

vignettes
, 15–17

welfare regimes
, 3, 8

welfare system
, 11

Swedish CM/SW
, 10

Swedish Social Services Act (SoL)
, 10

t-tests for mean differences by race/ethnicity
, 279

t-tests for mean differences by sex
, 278

Taiwanese older adults
, 127

Take Care of Every Aspect of the Parents’ Life theme
, 148–151

Talk frequency
, 253, 257, 259

Tharavad (ancestral house) system
, 182, 185

Tharavadu among Nayars in Kerala
, 180

Total network size
, 236

Transferability
, 19

Trustworthiness
, 19

Tucker–Lewis index (TLI)
, 89

(Un)predictable tensions
, 171–172

“Unit of care”
, 66

United States

research using non-representative samples
, 102

Univariate analysis
, 276–278

University of California Social Networks Study (UCNets)
, 230, 233

Unpaid care
, 64–65

Urbanization in Viet Nam
, 50–51

Vanaprastha (retired)
, 187, 198

Vellar
, 181

Viet Nam
, 40

demographic characteristics of population aging
, 43–44

elder care in traditional Vietnamese family
, 40–43

elderly care in family during first two decades of 21st century
, 52–57

family demographic characteristics related to older adults’ care
, 44–47

Viet Nam Domestic Violence Survey 2017
, 56–57

Viet Nam Family Survey 2017 (VFS 2017)
, 44, 46–47

Vignette of caring for older adults
, 38

Volunteers
, 7

Wald’s t-test
, 222

Ward-Griffin model
, 74

Welfare regimes on microlevel
, 7–11

Well-being

of children
, 168

grandparenting and
, 101–102

partners’ health and
, 211

Widowed people
, 256–258

Women in Indian family system
, 185–186

Work, Family, Community Nexus survey (WFCN survey)
, 86

Worker–family interactions
, 65