Prelims
An ANTi-History about Transgender Inclusion in the Brazilian Labor Market
ISBN: 978-1-83753-153-0, eISBN: 978-1-83753-152-3
ISSN: 2059-6561
Publication date: 29 March 2023
Citation
Luna, C.P. and Barros, D.F. (2023), "Prelims", An ANTi-History about Transgender Inclusion in the Brazilian Labor Market (Critical Management Studies), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xviii. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2059-65612023016
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2023 Camilla Pinto Luna and Denise Franca Barros
Half Title Page
An ANTi-History about Transgender Inclusion in the Brazilian Labor Market
Series Page
Critical Management Studies
The Critical Management Studies series covers topics from management style techniques, corporate culture and cross-cultural management to evaluation, organizational structure and management science and operations, drawing on a range of radical traditions that include feminism, critical theory, Marxism, postmodernism/poststructuralism, critical race theory, environmentalism, labor process theory, postcolonial theory, existentialism, and applied critical management studies.
Books in this series aim to contribute to sociopolitical change, from authors who self-identify as critical management scholars, critical scholars of management, or those with practical experience in the field, encouraging us to rethink the fundamental relationships between working/organizing/managing and our sense of humanity.
Previous books:
Organizing Disaster: The Construction of Humanitarianism
Written by: Adam Rostis
Organization Theory: Critical and Philosophical Engagements
Written by: Tuomo Peltonen
Contesting Institutional Hegemony in Today’s Business Schools: Doctoral Students Speak Out
Edited by: Ajnesh Prasad
The Ideological Evolution of Human Resource Management: A Critical Look into HRM Research and Practices
Written by: Sami Itani
Making Critical Sense of Immigrant Experience: A Case Study of Hong Kong Chinese in Canada
Written by: Rosalie K.S. Hilde
STEM-Professional Women’s Exclusion in the Canadian Space Industry: Anchor Points and Intersectionality at the Margins of Space
Written by: Stefanie Ruel
Values, Rationality, and Power: Developing Organizational Wisdom: A Case Study of a Canadian Healthcare Authority
Written by: Brad C. Anderson
Historical Female Management Theorists: Frances Perkins, Hallie Flanagan, Madeleine Parent, Viola Desmond
Written by: Kristin S. Williams
Title Page
An ANTi-History about Transgender Inclusion in the Brazilian Labor Market
by
Camilla Pinto Luna
University of Grande Rio, Brazil
and
Denise Franca Barros
University of Grande Rio, Brazil
United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China
Copyright Page
Emerald Publishing Limited
Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK
First edition 2023
Copyright © 2023 Camilla Pinto Luna and Denise Franca Barros. Published under exclusive license by Emerald Publishing Limited.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-83753-153-0 (Print)
ISBN: 978-1-83753-152-3 (Online)
ISBN: 978-1-83753-154-7 (Epub)
Contents
List of Figures and Tables | vii |
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms | ix |
About the Authors | xiii |
Preface | xv |
Acknowledgements | xvii |
Abstract | xviii |
Chapter 1: Introduction | 1 |
Research Relevance and Contributions | 6 |
Research Delimitation | 8 |
Chapter 2: Violence and Resistance: Understanding Issues Situated (Not Limited) to Brazil | 11 |
Chapter 3: A Discussion about Performativity, Transsexuality, and Organizations | 21 |
Gender Performativity | 21 |
Transsexuality | 23 |
Transsexuality, Prejudice, Exclusion, and Organizations | 24 |
Institutionalized Transphobia | 27 |
Performativity, ANTi-History, and Gender | 31 |
Chapter 4: The ANTi-History as Theoretical Lens and Methodological Approach | 35 |
Historical Turn in Organizational Studies: The Origin of the Call | 35 |
ANTi-History as Theoretical Lens | 37 |
ANTi-History as Methodological Approach | 40 |
Procedures for Data Collection | 43 |
Preparation of Network Diagrams | 50 |
Chapter 5: ANTi-History and Rhizome: Unveiling a Socio Past in Layers | 53 |
Chapter 6: The Beginning of this Version: The Trans Body as a Material Property Conservated by the Brazilian State | 57 |
Chapter 7: Toward the Guarantee of Fundamental Rights: Sociopolitical (Trans)Formations in Brazil | 63 |
Chapter 8: (Re)Assembling a Normative Course: Right to Health, Depathologization of Transsexuality and Recognition of “Employable People” | 73 |
Chapter 9: Mobilizations and Demobilizations of Trans Employability in Motion | 87 |
Chapter 10: The End of this Version: Layers of a Rhizome Network | 95 |
Reassembling a Recent Past: Diversity Policies in Organizations | 97 |
Chapter 11: Final Considerations | 105 |
Implications Research and ESG | 107 |
Conclusion | 109 |
Epilogue: Ongoing and Future Research | 109 |
Appendix 1: List of Data Sources | 111 |
Appendix 2: Data Collected in the Transempregos Vacancies Bank | 125 |
References | 177 |
Index | 193 |
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
Fig. 1. | Diagram of the Socio Past (Re)Assembly Process. | 43 |
Fig. 2. | Organization and Storage of Research Collection. | 47 |
Fig. 3. | Network Rhizome Diagram (First Layer). | 60 |
Fig. 4. | Network Rhizome Diagram (Second Layer). | 71 |
Fig. 5. | Network Rhizome Diagram (Third Layer). | 86 |
Fig. 6. | Network Rhizome Diagram (Fourth Layer). | 94 |
Fig. 7. | Network Rhizome Diagram with Overlapping Layers. | 97 |
Fig. 8. | Trans Employability Map in Brazil. | 100 |
Fig. 9. | Distribution Graph of Job Offers by State. | 101 |
Tables
Table 1. | Data Collection Strategies. | 44 |
Table 2. | Strategy A: Purpose, Procedures, and Collection. | 45 |
Table 3. | Strategy B: Purpose, Procedures, and Collection. | 48 |
Table 4. | Strategy C: Purpose, Procedures, and Collection. | 49 |
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
ABGLT | Associação Brasileira de Gays, Bissexuais, Lésbicas, Travestis e Transexuais [Brazilian Association of Gays, Bisexuals, Lesbians, Transvestites and Transsexuals] |
ABHT | Associação Brasileira de Homens Trans [Brazilian Association of Trans Men] |
ABRAT | Associação Brasileira de Transgêneros [Brazilian Transgender Association] |
AIDS | Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome |
ANT | Actor-Network Theory |
ANTRA | Associação Nacional de Travestis e Transexuais [National Association of Transvestites and Transsexuals] |
ASTRAL | Associação das Travestis e Liberados [Association of Transvestites and Liberated] |
ATRAS | Associação das Travestis de Salvador [Salvador Transvestites Association] |
BBC | British Broadcasting Corporation |
CCJ | Comissão de Constituição de Justiça [Justice Constitution Commission] |
CEP | Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa [Research Ethics Committees] |
CFM | Conselho Federal de Medicina [Federal Council of Medicine] |
CIT | Comissão Intergestores Tripartite [Tripartite Interagency Committee] |
CLAM | Centro Latino-Americano em Sexualidade e Direitos Humanos [Latin American Center on Sexuality and Human Rights] |
CMS | Critical Management Studies |
CNS | Conferência Nacional de Saúde [National Health Conference] |
CONEP | Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa [National Research Ethics Commission] |
CONITEC | Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias no SUS [National Commission for the Incorporation of Technologies in SUS] |
COVID-19 | Coronavirus Disease 2019 |
CREMESP | Conselho Regional de Medicina do Estado de São Paulo [Regional Council of Medicine of the State of São Paulo] |
CRM-MG | Conselho Regional de Medicina – Minas Gerais [Regional Council of Medicine – Minas Gerais] |
CRM-PR | Conselho Regional de Medicina – Paraná [Regional Council of Medicine – Paraná] |
CRM-SC | Conselho Regional de Medicina – Santa Catarina [Regional Council of Medicine – Santa Catarina] |
CRM-SP | Conselho Regional de Medicina – São Paulo [Regional Council of Medicine – São Paulo] |
DEGRAN | Departamento das Delegacias Regionais de Polícia da Grande São Paulo [Department of Regional Police Stations of Greater São Paulo] |
ENCM | Encontro Nacional dos Conselhos de Medicina [National Meeting of Medical Councils] |
ENTLAIDS | Encontro Nacional de Travestis e Liberados que Atuam na Prevenção da Aids [National Meeting of Transvestites and Liberals who Work in the Prevention of AIDS] |
ESG | Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance |
FMUSP | Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina [Clinical Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine] |
FONATRANS | Fórum Nacional de Travestis e Transexuais Negras e Negros [National Forum of Black and Black Transvestites and Transsexuals] |
FPE | Frente Parlamentar Evangélica [Evangelical Parliamentary Front of the Brazilian National Congress] |
FURG | Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo [Federal University of Espirito Santo] |
GABLE | Gay, Ally, Bisexual, Lesbian and Transgender Employees (Procter & Gamble) |
GGB | Grupo Gay da Bahia [Bahia Gay Group] |
HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
HUPE | Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto [Pedro Ernesto University Hospital] |
IACHR | Inter-American Commission on Human Rights |
IBGE | Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística [Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics] |
IBRAT | Instituto Brasileiro de Transmasculinidades [Brazilian Institute of Transmasculinities] |
IBTE | Instituto Brasileiro Trans de Educação [Trans Brazilian Institute of Education] |
ICD | International Classification of Diseases |
ILGA WORLD | The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association |
IMS | Instituto de Medicina Social [Institute of Social Medicine] |
ISER | Instituto Superior de Estudos da Religião [Higher Institute of Religious Studies] |
LGBTQIA+ | Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual/Transgender, Queer, Intersexual, Asexual, all other diversities and pluralities of sexual orientation or gender identity that exist |
MDG | Millennium Development Goals |
MECMPAS | Instituto de Psiquiatria da Fundação Faculdade de Medicina [Psychiatry Institute of Faculty-Foundation of Medicine] |
MOS | Management and Organizational Studies |
MPDFT | Ministério Público do Distrito Federal [Federal District Public Ministry] |
MPF | Ministério Público Federal [Federal Public Ministry] |
MPSP | Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo [Public Ministry of the State of São Paulo] |
NAHT | Núcleo de Apoio a Homens Trans [Support Center for Trans Men] |
NGO | Non-Governmental Organization |
OAB | Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil [Brazilian Bar Association] |
OMS | Organizational Memory Studies |
PUC-Rio | Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro [Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro] |
PUC-SP | Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo [Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo] |
RENATA | Rede Nacional de Travestis [National Transvestite Network] |
RENTRAL | Rede Nacional de Travestis e Liberados [National Network of Transvestites and Liberated People] |
SDG | Sustainable Development Goals |
SEJUR/CFM | Setor Jurídico do Conselho Federal de Medicina [Legal Sector of the Federal Council of Medicine] |
SINAN | Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação [Notification Grievances Information System] |
SOGIE | Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity and Expression |
STD | Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
STF | Supremo Tribunal Federal [Federal Court of Justice] |
SUDS | Sistemas Unificados e Descentralizados de Saúde nos Estados [Unified and Decentralized Health Systems in the States] |
SUS | Sistema Único de Saúde [Health Unic System] |
TGEU | Transgender Europe |
TJSP | Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo [Court of Justice of the State of São Paulo] |
TMM | Trans Murder Monitoring |
TRF | Tribunal Regional Federal [Federal Regional Court] |
UERJ | Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [State University of Rio de Janeiro] |
UFES | Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo [Federal University of Espirito Santo] |
UFG | Universidade Federal de Goiás [Goias Federal University] |
UFMG | Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Minas Gerais Federal University] |
UFRGS | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul] |
UNIDAS | Associação de Travestis Unidas na Luta pela Cidadania [Association of Transvestites United in the Fight for Citizenship] |
USP | Universidade de São Paulo [University of Sao Paulo] |
WHO | World Health Organization |
About the Authors
Camilla Pinto Luna holds a Ph.D. in Management (2021), Master in Management (2017) from the University of Grande Rio (PPGA – UNIGRANRIO), and Specialist in Public Administration by IAVM, Cândido Mendes University (2011). Luna graduated in Business from the State University of Rio de Janeiro – UERJ (2009); is Administrator at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO); and is member of two research groups at UNIGRANRIO, a group focused on studies of gender, sexuality, work, and consumption and another group on critical studies in organizational studies. Luna’s research interest is in organizational studies, historical approaches in management, and gender studies.
Denise Franca Barros holds a Ph.D. in Management (2011) and a Master in Public Administration and Management (2006) from EBAPE-FGV, Rio de Janeiro). Barros previously worked at Unigranrio – University of Grande Rio, Fundação Getulio Vargas (EBAPE-FGV, Rio de Janeiro) and Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing (ESPM – Rio).
Preface
It is not news that we discuss issues about power relations in discourse, reflecting on which voices have space for speech and which are marginalized and often silenced (seeing the works of Bourdieu, Foucault, and Butler). However, it seems that the expression place of speech has become popular here in Brazil very recently, and, despite being present in several discussions, many people still do not understand for sure what it is. At least, this is my experience in forums, meetings, conferences, and conversations with colleagues and friends. Some people can explain the topic in greater depth, such as Djamila Ribeiro – Brazilian, feminist, philosopher, writer (I even recommend this source to anyone who wants to understand the place of speech better). However, briefly, I would say that when we talk about the place of speech, we are arguing about social issues that impact different spaces and organizations (whether political, cultural, or intellectual) and that limit and make individualized aspects of the experiences invisible because some of these voices were silenced since individuals were excluded from these spaces.
But why am I talking about this?
Because many of you are reading this work, upon seeing the title, you must have wondered if I am a trans woman (by the way, answering the question, I am not).
Then, other questions will probably arise (Why did you choose to talk about this topic? How did you get to it? Can you talk about it? Do you want to speak in place of a trans?).
I am uncomfortable with a reality where people do not have the same opportunities or possibilities. So why wouldn’t I stay?! Looking around and seeing that certain problems belong to everyone is very important for us to start thinking about solutions. Using the words of Professor Luiz Alex Saraiva (2016):
[…] we live in dangerous blindness to everything that does not affect us personally. Only when this unspeakable violence comes close to we know does it seem to concern us. We lose empathy, the ability to put ourselves in the other’s shoes to see the suffering of others as somehow close to ourselves for the sake of humanity. (p. 762)
All this to be able to say that I feel uncomfortable with social exclusion – for me, my history, and others. Once again, quoting the words of Professor Luiz Alex, in a free translation from the original:
I am with all those who fight for a collective cause, who do not hide under corrosive individualism. I deeply regret the victims of an order that denies difference. (Saraiva, 2016, p. 772)
My perception of the possibilities of management and organizations goes beyond something that only occurs within corporations, and it is not new that I am interested in researching gender issues (a theme I have been working on for years). The relationship between the management area and society is clear to me, added to an experience that is part of the nature of exclusion.
Today, as an administrator and researcher in Administration, I have a place where I can talk about certain aspects, but I recognize that many others are not within my competence. Therefore, it is important to clarify that I do not intend to speak for a transgender person. I do not want to try to convey the perspective or experience of a transgender person. I do not occupy this place of speech. But I want to make other researchers in Administration, future managers, or current managers reflect on this issue. I want to address the different forms of social exclusion, gender identity prejudice, inequality, and role inclusion policies, citizenship, and guaranteed access to education, leisure, health, and work.
So, for this reason, I chose to bring to this book an important social issue that is still silent in the area. I did that seeking to draw attention to the problem and a change, however small it is. Furthermore, if your biggest question when reading the title of this work was: Is the author trans? – it might be very interesting that you keep reading the content and try to understand how this is everyone’s problem.
Camilla Pinto Luna
Acknowledgements
First, we would like to thank Gabrielle Durepos for being part of our path, for the encouragement for this project, and all the generosity. Gabie, you inspired us and this is something beyond words.
We thank the editorial team and the reviewers for your kind attention and suggestions, which we believe were crucial for improving our work.
We would also like to thank the Emerald team for seriousness and commitment to work. Especially, Albert Mills for kindness and for all the guidelines. As well as Fiona Allison for the promptness and feedback.
Finally, we want to thank all those researchers and colleagues who contributed throughout our trajectory, even whose names were not mentioned here.
Abstract
Brazil is a country with the highest rate of trans people murders and a scenario where most of these people are in conditions of misery and social exclusion, without access to health, education, and labor. Recently, we observed a movement of organizations seeking to promote the employability of transgender people in the country. This scenario is not built from isolated events that occur today, but it reflects relationships that were built over time. This past is full of events that can be considered advances and setbacks arising from associations between people, initiatives, regulations, organizations, and other actors that intervene in this regard. Thereby, this study seeks to investigate sociopolitical relations of actors-network highlighting the main mobilizations and demobilizations in the trajectory of employability of transgender people in organizations in Brazil. For this, we resorted to ANTi-History as a theoretical and methodological approach, which is historically informed by the Actor-Network Theory and was developed in Management and Organization Studies in order to allow us to understand the phenomenon through a unique and retrospective lens. The analysis of this research (re)assembles a version of history about the observed phenomenon and brings a network rhizome that involves a multiplicity of actors and their relations over time. This implies rescuing memories in the transgender–society–labor market relationship, as well as revealing a broader context that surrounds recent employability initiatives and silencing around this matter.
Keywords: ANTi-History; transgender; organizations; employability; work; Transphobia
- Prelims
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Chapter 2: Violence and Resistance: Understanding Issues Situated (Not Limited) to Brazil
- Chapter 3: A Discussion about Performativity, Transsexuality, and Organizations
- Chapter 4: The ANTi-History as Theoretical Lens and Methodological Approach
- Chapter 5: ANTi-History and Rhizome: Unveiling a Socio Past in Layers
- Chapter 6: The Beginning of this Version: The Trans Body as a Material Property Conservated by the Brazilian State
- Chapter 7: Toward the Guarantee of Fundamental Rights: Sociopolitical (Trans)Formations in Brazil
- Chapter 8: (Re)Assembling a Normative Course: Right to Health, Depathologization of Transsexuality, and Recognition of “Employable People”
- Chapter 9: Mobilizations and Demobilizations of Trans Employability in Motion
- Chapter 10: The End of this Version: Layers of a Rhizome Network
- Chapter 11: Final Considerations
- Appendix 1: List of Data Sources
- Appendix 2: Data Collected in the Transempregos Vacancies Bank
- References
- Index