Index

Gender Panic, Gender Policy

ISBN: 978-1-78743-203-1, eISBN: 978-1-78743-202-4

ISSN: 1529-2126

Publication date: 27 October 2017

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

(2017), "Index", Demos, V. and Segal, M.T. (Ed.) Gender Panic, Gender Policy (Advances in Gender Research, Vol. 24), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 333-342. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1529-212620170000024026

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2017 Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

abnormally sexed bodies,
, 170

Acker, Joan,
, 252

age-related fertility,
, 68–69, see also Japan

Amnesty International,
, 312

Anthias, Floya,
, 61

Argentine Armed Forces, gender policies in,
, 24

Argentine Army,
, 24, 26, 30–31

assisted reproductive technologies (ART),
, 56–58, 68

athletic female-categorized bodies,
, 165

Athletics Federation of India (AFI),
, 184

Australian Human Rights Commission’s Sex Files Report,
, 231

Australian law and policy for non-binary gender

administrative legal discourses,
, 238–242

proof of identity,
, 239–240

sex-segregation,
, 240–241, 244

unequal distribution of non-binary gender,
, 241–242

Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act 1997 (ACT),
, 228, 231

gender binary and non-binary gender,
, 229–232

identification of binary gender categories,
, 235–236

legal classification of binary gender,
, 236–238

Marriage Act 1961,
, 240–241

normativity and recognition,
, 232–234

politics of containment,
, 234

recognition of non-binary gender,
, 231–232

recommendations,
, 242–245

affirmative actions,
, 245

identity fraud,
, 243

safety and comfort,
, 244

same-sex marriage,
, 244

self-identification,
, 245

tracking of public health,
, 244–245

X marker categorization,
, 229, 237–238

Beach, F. A.,
, 119

Belarusian reproductive policies (1991–2015), study of,
, 7

child protection,
, 60

contraception and abortion,
, 55, 63n3

decline of birth rates,
, 54

development of assisted reproductive technologies (ART),
, 56–58

family/demographic policy,
, 56

fertility, health, and prosperity,
, 54–60

genetic monitoring of congenital malformations and inherited diseases,
, 57–58

historical roots and contextual peculiarities,
, 48–51

motherhood,
, 54–55

promotion of healthy lifestyle,
, 57–58

reproductive technologies,
, 55–56

surrogacy,
, 56

theoretical and methodological methods,
, 51–54

use of health-care services and facilities,
, 55

use of in vitro fertilization (IVF),
, 56

voluntary sterilization,
, 55

Benschop, Yvonne,
, 253

Berlioux, Monique,
, 168

Bettcher, T. M.,
, 150

Biden, Joseph,
, 275

Blanchfield, Luisa,
, 277

Bogoras, W.,
, 121

Boivin, Jacky,
, 75

boundary negotiation,
, 136

Brazil,
, 25

Brundage, Avery,
, 160, 164–166

Brunsma, D. L.,
, 139

Buddhist philosophy,
, 101–102, 111

Bugis culture,
, 9, 122–123

bissu’s spirit,
, 124

calalai and calabai,
, 123–124

construction of gender,
, 123, 125

Burkolder, Nancy,
, 137

Cardiff Fertility Knowledge Scale (CFKS),
, 75

Chand, Dutee,
, 6, 10–11, 178–179

appeal against IAAF and AFI,
, 184

on complexity of performance and sex difference,
, 186

flaws related to Hyperandrogenism Regulations,
, 185–188

accounts of seven witnesses,
, 185–190, 200

non-scientific concerns,
, 190–192

personal experience,
, 191–192

on hyperandrogenism as a clinical condition,
, 187–188

relationship between testosterone and gender differences,
, 186–187

Chatterjee, Partha,
, 25

Chernobyl environmental disaster, 1986,
, 57

China’s human rights,
, 312

Chuckchee (Chuckchi) people of Siberia,
, 121–122

practice of shamanism,
, 122

ciscentricity,
, 210

cisgender people,
, 210, 265

Civil Rights Act,
, 1964, 2

Cold War gender relations,
, 167–171

Colegio Militar de la Nación (CMN),
, 24, 40

Colesworthy, Rebecca,
, 103–104

collective identity construction,
, 136

collective identity of womanhood,
, 138

consciousness-raising,
, 107

Convention of the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW),
, 8, 12–13, 16, 274–275, 282–285, 292–301

differences between ICERD,
, 279

economic costs of sanctioning,
, 280

examination and revision of textbooks and school programs,
, 284–285

opponents’ objections,
, 277

radical feminists on,
, 277

right to paid leave and maternity leave,
, 284

social, economic, and cultural rights,
, 281–283

theoretical bases for ratification of,
, 275–280

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW),
, 71

Cox, Norman,
, 164

cross-cultural data,
, 118

Crossley, Allison Dahl,
, 110–111

dating culture,
, 96

“Dear Colleague Letter on Transgender Students,”
, 3, 204–205, 211–213, 216, 220–226

decoupling,
, 313

Delaney, Arthur,
, 282

differences of sexual development (DSDs),
, 179

Donnelly, J.,
, 314

Doorwood, Hans,
, 253

Drape, Joe,
, 2

Dreger, Alice,
, 161

Drinan, Robert,
, 278

Duggan, Lisa,
, 62

Eastern European countries, issues of sexuality and reproduction,
, 46

egg aging campaign in Japan,
, 68–69, 75–76, 85–87

emic culture,
, 118

Erikainan, Sonja,
, 181

etic culture,
, 118

Ettorre, Elizabeth,
, 61

Evans, E.,
, 141

Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA),
, 214

Fausto-Sterling, Ann,
, 120

federal regulation on gender and transgender inclusion, study of

implications of,
, 216–217

limitations of study,
, 206–207

researcher positionality,
, 206

theoretical framework,
, 205–206

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972,
, 207–216

female athletes’ sex changes,
, 166

female bodily frailty, notions of,
, 162–163

medicalized arguments,
, 163

1930s/1940s ideas about women in sport,
, 164

female-categorized bodies,
, 158–159

female embodiment,
, 159–160, 167

Feminine Magnetism (FM) philosophy,
, 94

femininity among Euro-American women, study of

consciousness raising on Facebook,
, 106–109

feminine techniques,
, 99–100

leaning back vs leaning in,
, 95, 99, 102–106

method,
, 95–96

Phang’s Feminine Magnetism Facebook group, survey of,
, 95–96, 100

principles of non-reactiveness and non-attachment,
, 101–102

reaction against feminism,
, 100–101

resurgence of feminine embodiments,
, 96–97

success in dating relationships,
, 98–99

feminist movement in Argentina,
, 28–30

feminist standpoint on transgender,
, 205–206, 217n1

Fitzgerald, Nora,
, 324

Ford, C. S.,
, 119

Forsythe, David,
, 280

Foucauldian genealogical analysis of female category in elite sport,
, 159–160

Foucault, Michel,
, 159–161

Franciscan Alliance v. Burwell,
, 205

Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA ),
, 139

Freedman, E. B.,
, 265

G. G. v. Gloucester County School Board,
, 205

Gal, Susan,
, 63

Gamson, J.,
, 136–138, 140, 150–151

Gays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe (GALZ),
, 314

gender binary system,
, 9, 17, 229–232

gender-determining institutions,
, 179–184

biological criteria for gender determination,
, 179

gender dysphoria,
, 235

gender equality in Japan,
, 71

gender identity,
, 5, 209–211, 220

gender identity disorder,
, 5

gender in organizations,
, 252–253

gender in science and law,
, 182–184

genderism,
, 210

gender panic,
, 2, 10

Gender Revolution,
, 2

gender subtext of organizations,
, 253

gender transition,
, 209, 212

gender verification policies for sports participation,
, 180–182

Chand’s personal experience, case study,
, 184–192

in context of sports law and governance,
, 183–184

GLAAD (GLAAD Media Reference Guide – Transgender, 2016),
, 209, 211–212

Great Plains of North America,
, 122

Greek myths

death of Achilles,
, 120

story of Persephone and seasons,
, 120

of Tiresias,
, 120

grounded theory,
, 254

Hanisch, Carol,
, 107

Hargreaves, Jennifer,
, 163

Harper, Conrad,
, 278–279

Harris, Hadar,
, 285

hegemonic national representations,
, 25

Heggie, Vanessa,
, 157–158

Henderson, Robert,
, 278

hermaphrodites,
, 162–167

He’s Really That Into You, He’s Just Not Ready,
, 98

heteronormative femininity,
, 3, 8, 162–167

Hochschild, Jennifer,
, 281

hookup culture,
, 96–97

Human Rights Watch,
, 312

hybrid bodies,
, 170

Hyperandrogenism Regulations,
, 178, 180–181, 184–185, 192, see also gender verification policies for sports participation

hypogonadism,
, 189–190

intergovernmental organizations (IGOs),
, 312

International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF),
, 3, 10, 157, 166, 170–171, 178, 181, 184–192

arguments on Hyperandrogenism Regulations,
, 184–192, 199

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD),
, 12–13, 275, 281–282, 284–286, 302–307

affirmative action policies,
, 281

anti-racism mandates,
, 277

anti-racism policies in fields of teaching and education,
, 285–286

differences between CEDAW and,
, 279

economic costs of sanctioning,
, 280

social, economic, and cultural rights,
, 281–283

theoretical bases for ratification of,
, 275–280

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR),
, 316

International Fertility Decision-Making Study (IFDMS),
, 75–76

International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex Association (ILGA),
, 326

international non-governmental organizations (NGOs),
, 312

International Olympic Committee (IOC),
, 3, 10, 157, 159–160, 163, 166, 170–171, 178, 181

interracial marriage in Argentina,
, 36

intersex,
, 13, 230

Iowa Correctional Institution for Women (ICIW),
, 12, 256–257, 263

Ireni-Saban, Liza,
, 63

Japan,
, 8

Angel Plan,
, 1994, 71

Basic Law for a Gender Equal Society,
, 1999, 71–72

Basic Law for Measures to Cope with Society with Declining Birthrate,
, 72–73

birthrate statistics,
, 72

egg aging campaign in,
, 68–69, 75–76, 85–87

gender-equal movement and policies,
, 71–74

2015 New Pronatalist Policy,
, 76–77

justification of,
, 87

pattern of age-specific marital fertility rate (ASMFR),
, 73

pronatalist campaign, 1940s,
, 71

as a society lacking fertility knowledge,
, 86

work–family reconciliation measures,
, 71–72

Japan Society for Reproductive Medicine (JSRM),
, 82–83

Jasanoff, S.,
, 183

Joelson, Mark,
, 282

Kanter, Rosabeth M.,
, 252

Katz, Evan Marc,
, 97

kelet (spirits),
, 121

Kington, Hannah,
, 274

Kligman, Gail,
, 63

La Cava, Guiseppe,
, 169

Lake, William,
, 278–279

Latour, Bruno,
, 160

leaning back vs leaning in,
, 8, 95, 99, 102–106

Leavis, Queenie,
, 103

lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) human rights,
, 6, 13–16, 310

as anti-nationalist,
, 328

case studies,
, 318

comparison between Russia and Sweden,
, 327–329

and extent of victimization,
, 318, 323–328

Universal Periodic Review (UPR) recommendations and response

Russian Federation,
, 318–322

Sweden,
, 322–324

world society perspective,
, 313–317

lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals,
, 215

Mahmood, Saba,
, 111

male-like bodies in women’s sport,
, 167

marital fertility rate,
, 70–71

Martin, M. K.,
, 119

masculinization in female bodies,
, 162

Menendian, Stephen,
, 285

Meron, Theodor,
, 275

Merry, Sally Engle,
, 275

Messerli, M.,
, 163

Michigan Womyn’s Music Festival (MichFest),
, 136–138

Midwestern Correctional Facility for Women (MCFW),
, 12, 255, 257, 260, 263–264

Military Justice Code,
, 41n9, 41n11

Mitra, Payoshni,
, 191

moral reserve,
, 24

Mosuo household,
, 126–128

motherhood,
, 54–55, 162–167

Mugabe, Robert,
, 314

Murshid, Ghulam,
, 25

Nanney, M.,
, 139

“National being,” construction of,
, 31–33

National Center for Transgender Equality (NCTE),
, 209

National Prison Rape Statistics Program (NPRSP),
, 254

National Program of Demographic Security,
, 54

national security,
, 54

natural fertility,
, 73

Navajo tribe,
, 121

nadle,
, 120

Nayar household,
, 126–128

sambandham,
, 127

talikettukalyanam,
, 127

New South Wales Registrar of Births, Deaths, and Marriages,
, 228

Nicolazzo, Z.,
, 215–216

Nigeria’s LGBT rights,
, 315

Nirvana philosophy,
, 102

Noble, B.,
, 136

non-essentialist societal models,
, 129

non-reactiveness and non-attachment, principles of,
, 101–102

normality,
, 311

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),
, 312

Oboler, Regina Smith,
, 125–126

Occupy Pedophilia,
, 325

Padawer, R.,
, 138–139, 152

Patrick, Deval,
, 278

penis panics,
, 3

Phang, Katarina,
, 8, 97–101

Pillow, Wanda S.,
, 61

Powell, Catherine,
, 274

Press, Irina,
, 168

Press, Tamara,
, 168

prison rape, qualitative analysis of

findings,
, 256–266

methodology/approach,
, 254–256

sexual victimization in men’s and women’s prisons,
, 2011–2012, 255

Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA),
, 253–254, 256

audit,
, 262

credibility and efficacy,
, 260–261

cultural processes of gender subtext of prisons,
, 261–266

differential implementation of,
, 258

gendered consequences of,
, 263

“gender-responsive” programing,
, 262

side effects of,
, 260

stipulations in women’s prisons,
, 257

structural arrangements,
, 257–261, 268n1

in women’s prisons,
, 264

wording of policy,
, 264

pronatalist campaign, 1940s, Japan,
, 71

pronatalist policy,
, 76–77

“proper” bodies,
, 129

racial and gender-marked otherness in Argentine Army, study of

construction of “national being,”
, 31–33

forms of masculinity in army,
, 34–35

Gender Policy Council for Defense (GPC),
, 27–28

gender relations,
, 35–39

institutional regulation of gender relations and gender identity in army,
, 36

mechanisms of inclusion/exclusion in training of army members,
, 33–34

place of women in the Armed Forces,
, 35–37

regulation of family life,
, 37

segregation of female cadets,
, 38–39

racialization, process of,
, 25

Ratjen, Dora,
, 158

Raye, Rori,
, 97

Rich, Adrienne,
, 95, 107

Rothman, Barbara,
, 283

Russian Federation on LGBT human rights,
, 327–329

Anti-Gay Propaganda Legislation,
, 324–325

LGBT victimization,
, 324

Russian LGBT Network,
, 324–325

Universal Periodic Review (UPR) recommendations and response,
, 318–322

Ruvinsky, Vladimir,
, 324

Sandberg, Sheryl,
, 95, 103–104, 106, 108–109

Sanders, J.,
, 244

Saperstein, Alyia,
, 3

Sasunkevich, Olga,
, 47

Schilt, K.,
, 137, 152, 182

Schmidt, Victoria,
, 46–47

science wars,
, 70

Segato, Rita,
, 25

Seiko, Noda,
, 76

Semenya, Caster,
, 156, 181, 189

Senate Committee on Foreign Relations (SCFR),
, 274–275

Senda, Y.,
, 74

sex assigned at birth,
, 205, 209, 211, 221

sex binary policing practices,
, 161

sex binary pollution,
, 157

sex changes,
, 165–166

sex fraud,
, 158, 173n2

sex/gender/race system,
, 24

sex-gender-sexuality systems, anthropological and ethnographic study of,
, 119–120

Bugis people,
, 122–123, 125

Chuckchee (Chuckchi) people of Siberia,
, 121–122

concept of matriarchy,
, 128–130

cultural constructs,
, 122–123

cultural sense of gender stratification,
, 125–128

early representations,
, 120–121

gender construct,
, 125

Kalenjin speaking group,
, 126

Mosuo household,
, 126–128

Navajo tribe,
, 120–121

Nayar household,
, 126–128

sexual and gender transgressive people,
, 122

sub-national and traditional cultures,
, 119, 121–122

translations and terminology problems,
, 123–125

sex instability,
, 165–166

sex monstrosities,
, 164

sex specificity,
, 165

sex testing in sport,
, 4, 10, 156

chromosome-based screening test,
, 169

female athletes’ heteronormative femininity and centrality of motherhood,
, 162–167

historical accounts of,
, 157–159

Michel Foucault’s conceptualization of genealogy,
, 159–160

on-site testing,
, 169–170

policies between 1937 and 1968,
, 157

Semenya’s story,
, 156

sport governing bodies’ decision-making in,
, 157

in terms of binarizations and purification practices,
, 160–162

Shadrina, Anna,
, 48

Sino-Japanese War, 1937,
, 70

Smith, Dorothy E.,
, 252

social legitimacy of science,
, 70

Solomatina, Irina,
, 46–47

Soviet bloc female-categorized athletes,
, 167–171

Spade, Dean,
, 229

Spektorowski, Alberto,
, 63

Steinmetz, Katy,
, 2

Stryker, S.,
, 150, 244

sub-national and traditional cultures,
, 119, 121–122

subtle female/super female distinction,
, 190–191

super-nummery sexes,
, 119

surgical normalization of sex ambiguity,
, 161

surgical sex operations,
, 166

Sweden

attitudes toward LGBT human rights,
, 327–329

LGBT hate crimes in,
, 326

LGBT victimization in,
, 326

Universal Periodic Review (UPR) recommendations and response to LGBT rights,
, 322–324

Talbott, Strobe,
, 278

Tasmania’s sodomy law,
, 316

Thiebault, Jacques,
, 171

third gender (X) category,
, 12, 229, 237–238

Tiresias,
, 120

Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972,
, 204

compliance with,
, 221–226

decision to practice transgender inclusion,
, 208

terminology and guidance,
, 208–216

Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act,
, 282

Tooley v. Van Buren Public Schools,
, 204

Toonen, Nicholas,
, 315–316

Tracy, Marc,
, 2

Trans Exclusionary Radical Feminists (TERFS),
, 10, 135, 145–150

transgender admissions policies and gender panics, study of,
, 134–135

analysis,
, 142–150

alumnae responses,
, 143–144

Athena community, response of,
, 143–144, 148–150

findings of “tradition- and activism-speak” in institutional policy scripts,
, 143–144

gender panic,
, 143–145

TERFS categorization and calling out hate,
, 145–147

Calliope Wong, case of,
, 135

discussions and debates on trans inclusion,
, 150–152

methods,
, 141–142

theoretical framework,
, 135–141

women’s colleges and trans admittance policies,
, 138–141

transgender female,
, 209, 211–212, 217n1, 221

transgender male,
, 209, 211–212, 217n1, 221

trans*-normativity,
, 210, 213, 215–216

transsexual,
, 212

Trans Student Educational Resources (TSER),
, 209, 211–212

trans wars,
, 135136

tribes,
, 118

“true” national identity,
, 61

Turner, Victor,
, 24

unfit subjects,
, 61

United States,
, 25

United States racial equality treaty

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA),
, 284

Medicaid and Medicaid Services,
, 283

Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance program,
, 282

in public services,
, 280–283

ratification of racial equality agreement

compliance theory,
, 275–279, 287

human rights treaty,
, 274–275

misinterpretation theory,
, 275–279, 287

power theory,
, 275–276

relative cost theory,
, 280

revision of educational materials and cultural prejudices,
, 284–286

right to paid leave and maternity leave,
, 284

United States social, economic, and cultural rights,
, 280

universalistic binary systems,
, 129–130

Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of human rights,
, 13, 316–317

Russian Federation,
, 318–322

Sweden,
, 322–324

U.S. macro-culture,
, 129

Van Cleaf, Kara,
, 108–109

Voorhies, B.,
, 119

vulnerable subjecthood,
, 138

Warner, Michael,
, 229, 232

welfarist productivism,
, 63

Westbrook, Laurel,
, 3, 137, 152, 182

Western binary system,
, 129

Western emic and etic culture,
, 130

Weston, Mary,
, 165

Wolf, Virginia,
, 103

conception of feminism,
, 104–105, 108

womanhood,
, 138–141

“woman question” in India,
, 25–26

“Women’s Health–Nation’s Health,”
, 46

women’s Olympic participation, debates around,
, 163–164

Woolf, Virginia,
, 95

World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA ),
, 188

world society, value system of,
, 310–313

Yakovlev, Dima,
, 324

Yuval-Davis, Nira,
, 26, 33, 36, 61

Zenawi, Meles,
, 313

Zimbabwe International Book Fair (ZIBF),
, 314

Zimbabwe’s LGBT rights,
, 314–315