“Bathtub” model
, 22–23, 25
Bayesian algorithm
, 200–201
Behavioral microfoundations
, 123
Behavioral perspective
, 14, 18–20, 120
“Black box” of institutions
, 28
Bottom-up process
, 106, 120–121
Boundary conditions and extensions
, 78–80
Bourdieu’s practice theory
, 13, 139
Brew on Premises Association of Ontario (BOPAO)
, 49–50, 52
British Columbia (BC)
, 46, 55
legitimation in administrative domain
, 56
legitimation in legal domain
, 55
legitimation in other provinces
, 56–57
legitimation in public domain
, 55–56
U-brew category legitimation in
, 55–57
Buffering complexity
, 103, 109–110
Building blocks of institutions
artifacts to institutions
, 228
institutionalization
, 219–224
institutions
, 219–224
personal culture to institutions
, 227
refurbished object account of institutions
, 224–227
specifying objects clarifying process accounts
, 229–230
specifying objects clarifying state accounts
, 228–229
specifying objects helps to discover new object/process links
, 230–231
Business model of law firm
, 258–259
Canadian Home Wine and Trade Association (CHWTA)
, 52, 56–57
Cannabis legalization movement
, 123
Category
, 68-69, 77–79
emergence
, 44
legitimacy
, 45–46
Chambers and Partners
, 260–261
Chief human resource officer (CHRO)
, 90–91
Christian Right movement
, 125
Cognition
, 114–115, 121, 241, 243
Cognitive Anthropology
, 156
Cognitive complexity
exploring antecedents and development of
, 115
high differentiation and high integration
, 107–109
high differentiation and low integration
, 109–110
low differentiation and low integration
, 110–112
and responses to multiple logics
, 106
Cognitive differentiation and integration
, 102–104
Cognitive generalization of events
, 138
Cognitive perspective
, 14–17, 120
Cognitive structural perspective on institutional complexity
, 101
external environment representations
, 102–104
self-representations
, 104–106
Collective action
, 122–123
challenges of
, 51–52
Collective belief attribution
, 218
Collective identity
, 122–123, 125
comparison of movement phases
, 125
lifestyle movements
, 126–131
social movements and identity
, 122–126
Communicative perspective
, 14, 17–18, 120
Compartmentalization
, 109–110
Compensation disparity
, 258, 261
Computational methods
, 18
Conceptions of microfoundations of institutions
, 14–15, 20
“microfoundations as agency” argument
, 20–21
“microfoundations as levels” argument
, 21–22
“microfoundations as mechanisms” argument
, 22–23
Conceptual combination
, 76
Conceptualization
, 120, 156
Configurations of microfoundational research
, 24
Congruence to field-wide consensus
, 207
Contentious politics
, 121
Contested sensemaking
, 183, 187–188
Contingency theory’s implicit model
, 271
Cross-level effects in legitimation process
, 60–62
Cross-sectional research designs
, 29, 210
Cultural consensus theory (CCT)
, 199–201
approach to microfoundations
, 201–202
ECO
, 210–211
expanding microfoundational research with
, 211
micro-level instantiations
, 198–199
microfoundational variables
, 212
microfoundations of ECO agency
, 203–210
questionnaire content
, 211–212
sample frame and macro-level of analysis
, 211
stage of institutionalization
, 212
Cultural-cognitive
based institutionalization
, 199
beliefs
, 222
dimension
, 218
elements
, 120, 201, 222
flavor
, 223
structures
, 137
Cultural/culture
, 138, 218, 224–225, 229, 232n3
competence
, 200
congruence
, 200
consensus
, 201
expertise
, 200
institutions
, 137
knowledge
, 155–156
material
, 157
ontology
, 224
processes
, 218
symbols
, 138, 143
truth
, 201
Customization
, 270, 280–281
Habitualization
, 221, 223, 229
Herds and cascades among economists
, 274–275
Hermeneutic interpretation
, 96n2
Heterogeneity in adoption motivation
, 16
High self-pluralism and high self-unity
, 107–111
High self-pluralism and low self-unity
, 108–111
Highly disruptive issues
, 178
contribution to microfoundations of institutions
, 189–191
contribution to sensemaking
, 191
data analysis
, 183
data collection
, 183
institutional entrepreneurs
, 181–182
limitations and boundary conditions
, 191–192
methods
, 181
research context
, 182
sensemaking of highly disruptive issues
, 185
sensemaking of institutions and emotions role
, 180–181
sensemaking scholars
, 178–179
HIV-positive constituents
, 125–126
Hobby Brewers and Vintners Association (HBVA)
, 55
Hospitality Industry Coalition
, 55–56
Human resource management (HRM)
, 86
knowledge
, 87
“Ideational” paradigm
, 14
Identity
, 72–74, 119–126, 156, 168n1, 235–236, 245
control theory
, 86, 94
foundational and early literature in institutions
, 237–238
maintenance
, 16
within microfoundations of institutions
, 236–237
movements
, 121, 124–126
multiple theories at play
, 243–244
SIT dominates
, 238–241
social constructivist identity turn begins
, 241–243
theory
, 69
threat risk
, 79
Identity work
, 156–157, 159–160, 242
institutional meanings representations at individual level
, 160–161
tracing process as institutional work
, 161–165
Incremental institutional change
, 142
Individual characteristics and institutional change
, 257–260
Individual-level
characteristics
, 100
measurement
, 6
Ineffective sensemaking
, 183, 188–190
Informational conformity
, 28, 272–275, 280
empirical analyses
, 276–278
in institutional theory and research
, 275–278
theoretical arguments
, 275–276
Inhabited institutionalism
, 13
Institutional change
, 44, 77–78, 136, 252, 263
analysis
, 178
contribution to institutional theory
, 263
data collection
, 260
and discursive consciousness
, 141–143
empirical setting and hypotheses in context
, 256
individual and organizational characteristics and institutional change
, 257–260
institutional theory
, 251–252
integrative framework
, 141
law firms
, 256–257
limitations and future research
, 263
microfoundations and
, 253–256
and practical consciousness
, 143–146
results
, 261–263
unpacking relationship between cognition and
, 137–146
variable definition
, 261
Institutional complexity
, 100
cognitive complexity and responses to multiple logics
, 106–112
cognitive structural perspective on
, 101–106
experimental investigation of micro-level institutional processes
, 114
exploring antecedents and development of cognitive complexity
, 115
extending notion of self-pluralism
, 113–114
implications for future research
, 113–115
interplay between cognition and emotions
, 114–115
Institutional theory
, 11, 17, 180, 218, 220, 224, 237, 245, 251
alternative model
, 272
contingency to
, 271–272
contribution to
, 263
foundational works
, 270
microfoundations agenda in
, 252
normative and informational conformity in
, 275–278
research in
, 68
Institutional/institutions
, 120, 219, 252
analytical procedures
, 158
artifacts to
, 228
competition
, 50
contestation
, 142–143
data collection
, 158
effects
, 221
entrepreneurs
, 4–5, 142, 178–179
entrepreneurship
, 20, 142
evolution
, 143–145
fields and modes of consciousness
, 140–141
foundational and early literature in
, 237–238
generations
, 144
grounded in dispositions
, 140
identity within microfoundations of
, 236–237
identity work
, 160–165
at individual level
, 153–157
institutional meanings at individual level
, 172–176
logics
, 20, 100, 126, 154, 199
meanings
, 153–154, 156, 160–161
microfoundations
, 4
modification
, 141–142
object approaches
, 221–223
object-neutral account of
, 223–224
objects
, 229
personal culture to
, 227
pressure
, 16
process approaches
, 220–221
refurbished object account of
, 224–227
revolution
, 145–146
state approaches
, 220
terminology
, 27
widening scope to explore yoga as facet of individuals’ self-identity
, 159–160
work
, 20
yoga as institutional context
, 157–158
yogic meanings comparison
, 159
Institutionalization
, 23, 122–123, 154, 183, 218–219, 224–225, 227
artifacts and material technologies
, 225–226
object approaches
, 221–223
object-neutral account of institutions
, 223–224
practices and organizational routines
, 227
process approaches
, 220–221
of rules
, 95
rules and semiotic codes
, 226
sayings and vocabularies in fields
, 226–227
stage of
, 212
state approaches
, 220
Instrumental movements
, 124
Intellectually pluralistic approach
, 243
Intense negative emotions
, 181
Internalization of institutions
, 138–139
Internet-mediated communication
, 182
Interpretive research
, 88
Interpretive yogic schemes
, 160
Israeli Yoga Teachers Association
, 157
Macrofoundations
, 5, 27
of institutions
, 14
Market intermediaries
, 68–69
as ambiguous gatekeepers
, 77, 79
boundary conditions and extensions
, 78–80
competition
, 74–76
evolution of category systems, and institutional change
, 77–78
as experts
, 69–72, 77
identity
, 72–74
Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia (MSLO)
, 128–131
Material technologies
, 225–226
Mature category systems
, 79
Meaning-based sensebreaking
, 183
Mechanism-based theorizing, parsimonious model of
, 23
Meso level processes
, 25, 45
Methodological individualism
, 88
Micro-levels
, 25–26, 136
actions
, 44, 69
factors influencing field-wide cultural congruence
, 209
factors influencing subcultural congruence
, 209
institutional process investigation
, 114
processes
, 198
Microfoundations
, 4–5, 69
CCT approach to
, 201–202
conceptions
, 14–15, 20–23
configurations of microfoundational research
, 24
congruence to field-wide consensus
, 207
congruence to subgroup consensus
, 207
control variables
, 208
of ECO agency
, 203–204
experiments
, 31–32
growing popularity of
, 12
identity within
, 236
and institutional change
, 253–256
of institutional theory
, 3, 6
of institutions
, 11–12, 14–15, 189–191
legal educational and professional background
, 207–208
levels of analysis
, 24–26
loadings and subculture mean scores for eco intersubjective beliefs
, 206
methods
, 205, 207
mixed methods
, 29–30
movement
, 11, 180
multi-level analysis
, 30–31
needs
, 26–27
organization’s implementation of discretionary ethics practices
, 207
perspectives on microfoundations
, 15–20
processes
, 120
research
, 120
results for consensus content
, 208
results for micro-level factors
, 209–210
studying
, 5–6, 28–33
survey design and sample
, 205
theory and hypotheses
, 204–205
time for retooling
, 32–33
variables
, 212
“Microfoundations as agency” argument
, 13, 15, 20–21
“Microfoundations as levels” argument
, 13, 15, 21–22
“Microfoundations as mechanisms” argument
, 13, 15, 22–23
Mixed methods
, 29–30
framework for discourse analysis
, 18
Moral legitimacy formation
, 18
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)
, 51, 123
Multi-level analysis
, 30–31
Multi-level perspective of decoupling
, 25
Multi-level theory of institutional contestation
category legitimacy
, 45–46
cross-level effects in legitimation process
, 60–62
data analysis
, 48
data collection
, 47
domains of institutional action
, 57–60
findings
, 48–57
historical background
, 48
micro in organizational research
, 45
research design
, 46–47
U-brew category legitimation
, 49–57
Multimodal texts
, 183, 190
Multiple theories at play
, 243–244
Object approaches
, 221–223, 225
Object-neutral account of institutions
, 223–224
Objectification
, 221, 223, 230
Occupy Wall Street movement
, 123
“Omnibus” conception of culture
, 218
Ontario, U-brew category legitimation in
, 49
in administrative domain
, 50–51
challenges of collective action
, 51–52
discursive competition
, 52–55
emergence of opposition
, 49
institutional discourses
, 53
in legal domain
, 49–50
in public domain
, 51
validations of discourses
, 54
Oppositional identities
, 122
Organizational behavior (OB)
, 240
Organizational decision-making
, 270
conformity and post-adoption behaviors
, 278–284
contingency to institutional theory
, 271–272
methodological considerations
, 283–284
normative vs. informational conformity
, 272–278
Organizational/organizations
, 87, 89
categories
, 45
characteristics and institutional change
, 257–260
climate research
, 30–31
innovations
, 280
institutionalism
, 34n1
level
, 89
routines
, 227, 232n1
scholars
, 68
success
, 87
theory
, 245
Same-sex partner benefits
, 277
Scandinavian institutionalism
, 13
Schematic disposition
, 139
Scientific inquiry with intellectual fatalism
, 27
Self-identity
, 154–157
construction
, 17
Self-pluralism
, 104–106
extending notion of
, 113–114
Self-representations
, 104–106
Seminal concepts in institutional theory
, 25–26
Sensebridging
, 183–184, 186, 190–191
Sensegiving
, 143
accounts
, 16
of highly disruptive issues
, 180–181, 184
Sensemaking
, 16, 86, 178–179
for highly disruptive issues
, 184–185
contested
, 187–188
ineffective
, 188–189
of institutions and emotions role
, 180–181
positive engaged
, 185–187
positive superficial
, 187
scholars
, 178–179
Shared characteristic
, 124
“Shareholder value maximization” logic
, 108
Single theory of identity
, 244
Situational compliance
, 111
Situational mechanism
, 22–23, 120
Social
conformity research in social psychology
, 273–274
construction
, 223
constructivism
, 242
evaluations
, 259
ferment
, 122
hazard discourse
, 53
identity
, 241–242
mechanisms
, 44
movement theory
, 237
movements
, 121–126
process
, 178
psychological processes
, 5
psychologists
, 274
situations
, 19
world
, 89
Social constructivist
, 244
approach
, 243
identity
, 241–243
Social identity theory (SIT)
, 236, 238–241, 246n2
Socially constructed knowledge
, 201
Socio-scientific hermeneutics
, 91
Standard research strategies
, 29
State approaches
, 220, 227
Strategic human resources
, 258–259
Structural interactionist
, 244
Structuration theory
, 244
Structure hypothesis
, 91–92
Struggling with complexity
, 103, 110–112
Subcultural congruence
, 209
Subjectively centered life-world
, 88
Symbolic interactionism
, 13