Association between different dietary carbohydrates and risk of gallstone: a case-control study in Iranian adults
ISSN: 0034-6659
Article publication date: 15 July 2024
Issue publication date: 25 October 2024
Abstract
Purpose
Dietary components have been mentioned as modifiable risk factors in the development of gallstone disease (GSD), but it has been less addressed. The present study aimed to investigate the potential association between different types of dietary carbohydrate and the risk of gallstone.
Design/methodology/approach
In this case-control study 189 patients diagnosed with GSD as a case group and 342 people as a control group were enrolled. Dietary intake of the participants was collected through a 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Total intakes of calories, macronutrients and different types of carbohydrate were estimated. Crude and multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between carbohydrate intake and GSD.
Findings
Patients with gallstone consumed significantly more fructose and sucrose and less fiber. After fully adjustment, the logistic regression indicated significant association between GSD with dietary intake of total carbohydrate (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.1–2.4, p = 0.009), sugar (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.8–1.7, p = 0.014), fructose (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.7–3.9, p < 0.001), glucose (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.9, p = 0.002) and sucrose (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 0.9–1.6, p = 0.042). Also, increasing intakes of lactose, galactose and maltose were associated with a decrease in the risk of GSD, but not statistically significant, although lactose was close to significance (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.48–1, p = 0.051).
Originality/value
There is a positive and significant relationship between total carbohydrate, sugar, fructose, glucose and sucrose intake and the occurrence of gallstone.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Informed written consent was obtained from participants. The protocol of the present study was approved by Research Institute of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Ethics Committee (IR.SBMU.RIGLD.REC.1396.159).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Availability of data and material: The datasets analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Funding: No Funding.
Acknowledgements: Authors have no acknowledgments to declare.
Authors’ contributions: Maryam Nilghaz, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft.
Mohammadreza Shahparvari, Methodology, Writing – original draft.
Azita Hekmatdoost, Conceptualization, Writing – review and editing.
Saeede Saadati, Methodology.
Moloud Ghorbani, Project administration.
Amir Sadeghi, Methodology, Project administration.
Zahra Yari, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing
Citation
Nilghaz, M., Shahparvari, M., Hekmatdoost, A., Saadati, S., Ghorbani, M., Sadeghi, A. and Yari, Z. (2024), "Association between different dietary carbohydrates and risk of gallstone: a case-control study in Iranian adults", Nutrition & Food Science, Vol. 54 No. 8, pp. 1396-1404. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-12-2023-0299
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
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