Dietary patterns and nutrients associated with metabolic syndrome: Preliminary findings from Jordanian case-control study
ISSN: 0034-6659
Article publication date: 6 August 2019
Issue publication date: 5 March 2020
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate macro- and micronutrient intake among Jordanian adults who have metabolic syndrome (MetS) and those MetS-free.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 154 Jordanian adults aged 20-55 years were enrolled from The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics in this case control study. In total, 77 newly diagnosed cases of MetS and 77 controls were recruited and matched by age and sex. Dietary data were collected by face-to-face interview using a validated food frequency questionnaire.
Findings
After adjustment of the energy intake and macronutrients, the cases reported significantly higher intake of the amount of protein (p < 0.001), carbohydrates (p < 0.001), fiber (p < 0.001), sugar (p < 0.001), fat (p < 0.001), saturated fat (p < 0.001), monounsaturated (p < 0.001), polyunsaturated (p < 0.001), trans-fat (p < 0.029), omega-3 (p < 0.001) and omega-6 (p < 0.001) as compared to the controls. The results also showed that the intake of some micronutrients was significantly higher among cases when compared to the controls. In this study, three dietary patterns have been itemized; “fast food dietary pattern”, “Mediterranean dietary pattern” and “high-protein dietary pattern”. Only a direct significant trend between MetS and fast food pattern was detected (p-trend = 0.001). Neither significant associations nor trends were detected in the Mediterranean and high-protein patterns with MetS risk.
Originality/value
The study findings highlighted the presence of associations between fast food dietary pattern, total energy and some macro- and micronutrients intake and the risk of MetS among population living in the Middle East. Even though the findings of this study bridge the gap between theory and practice, a large scale population-based study is warranted to confirm these findings.
Keywords
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Deanship of Academic Research of The University of Jordan for supporting this project.
Funding: This research was funded by Deanship of Academic Research of The University of Jordan (Grant number 2016-2017/14).
Citation
Tayyem, R., Al-Qawasmeh, R. and Khawaja, N. (2020), "Dietary patterns and nutrients associated with metabolic syndrome: Preliminary findings from Jordanian case-control study", Nutrition & Food Science, Vol. 50 No. 2, pp. 253-268. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-05-2019-0147
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
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