Age of austerity

, 84–85

Age-friendly cities

, 12

Age-friendly communities

, 12, 23, 25

ecosystem of social infrastructure for

, 99–102

infrastructural approach to

, 102–105

Age-friendly programmes

, 21

Ageing populations

, 7–12

Ageing society

addressing loneliness and isolation

, 7–12

age-friendly cities and communities

, 12

ageing populations

, 7–12

infrastructural turn

, 3–6

social connections

, 13

Ageism

, 10

Allotments

, 33, 35–36

Amenities effect

, 106–107

Austerity

, 84–91

urbanism

, 85

Autobiographical insiderness

, 83–84

Barbershops

, 66

Beauty salons

, 66

Bonding capital

, 22–23

Bottom-up governance

, 12

Bridging capital

, 22–23

Cafes

, 67–71

Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA)

, 71

Care Act (2014)

, 40

Christmas markets

, 62

Civil inattention

, 69

Co-production

, 84, 103–104

Coffee shops

, 67–71

Commercial friendships

, 69–70

Commercial services

, 61, 65, 67

Commercial spaces

, 15–16

Commercial venues

, 26–27, 61, 101

eating, drinking and talking

, 67–73

informal and unassuming

, 73–74

retail and commercial services

, 61–67

Commitment

, 12

Community

, 5

centres

, 26–27

choirs in Tasmania

, 50–51

cohesion

, 27, 30, 36, 38, 98

community-building practices

, 5

community-focused networks

, 24

gardens

, 29, 36, 99–100

organisations

, 1, 88–89

spaces

, 15–16

transport

, 58–59

and voluntary sector

, 39–44

Community asset transfers (CATs)

, 86

Community Interest Company (CIC)

, 87

Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

, 2, 4–5, 91, 97

Craft-based groups

, 49–50

Critical infrastructure

, 1

Day Centres

, 41–42

Destination space

, 25

Disinvestment of social infrastructures

, 82

Diversity

, 4, 14, 35, 70, 104

Diversity of social infrastructure

, 26–28

Drinking

, 67–73

Eating

, 67–73

Economic capital

, 21

Educational institutions

, 52–54

Elective affinities

, 62–63

Encounter concept

, 20

Ethics of togetherness

, 20

Everyday encounters

, 77–78

Everyday spaces

everyday encounters

, 77–78

intergenerational connections and relationships

, 75–77

social infrastructures of intergenerational relationships

, 78–79

Exclusion

, 46–47, 83

Face-block community

, 19–20

Faith-based organisations (FBOs)

, 44–47

Farmers markets

, 62

Five Laws of Library Service, The (1931)

, 55

Fleeting engagements

, 20

Formal volunteering

, 43–44

Friendship

, 18–19, 42, 72, 101–102

Gender

, 18, 48, 72–73, 91

Gentrification

, 18, 83

Global Network of Age Friendly Cities (GNAFC)

, 12

Good quality public space

, 32–33, 37

Great Good Places, The (Oldenburg)

, 16

Green space

, 33, 37–38

Group exercise

, 49

Gunnersbury Park in West London

, 87

Hairdressers

, 66

Health

, 8–9, 11–12, 104

Hospitality

sector

, 67

spaces

, 61, 69, 101

Human geographers interventions

, 11

Hybrid spaces

, 25

Ignored communities

, 85–86

Infrastructural approach

, 5, 23–24

Infrastructure. See also Social infrastructure

, 1

infrastructural turn

, 3–6

Interactions

, 18–21

Intercultural relations

, 20

Intergenerational connections and relationships

, 75–77

Intergenerational practice (IGP)

, 76–77

Intergenerational shared sites

, 76–77

Interpersonal situations

, 9

Isolation

, 7–12

Leisure

activities

, 47–52

centres

, 26–27

pursuits

, 47

Libraries

, 100–101

Lockdown

, 91–92

Loneliness

, 7–12

Low-level’ sociability

, 20

Manchester Urban Ageing Research Group (MUARG)

, 94

Markets

, 62–65

Migrant groups

, 46

Minority ethnic groups

, 10, 97

Natural neighbourhood networks

, 25–26

Neighbourhood

, 11–12

in Netherlands

, 83–84

networks

, 24

Neutrality

, 16–17

Non-verbal engagements

, 20

Normative assumption

, 21

Office of National Statistics (ONS)

, 5–6

Online communities

, 95

Organised activity

, 26–27, 39, 44

community and voluntary sector

, 39–44

leisure activities

, 47–52

public services and institutions

, 52–59

religious organisations

, 44–47

space

, 59–60

Outside venues

, 26–27, 29

Parks

, 1–2, 5, 34–35, 105, 108–109

Personal care services

, 66

Personal communities

, 24, 40–41

Personal services

, 65–67

Places

, 11–12, 16, 18, 79

of worship

, 26–27

Population ageing

, 7

Post-pandemic infrastructures

, 105–109

Public institutions

, 1

Public investment

, 81–82

Public libraries

, 54, 56, 78–79, 87–88

Public services

, 15–16

and institutions

, 26–27, 52, 59

Public spaces

, 15–16, 29, 33, 38

Public transport

, 56–59

Pubs

, 71–73

Pure sociability

, 19

Qualitative methodologies

, 2–3

Qualitative studies

, 42–43

Quality of life

, 6, 8–9, 11–12

Racism

, 10

Regulars

, 71–72

Relationships

of chance

, 24

of proximity

, 24

of service

, 24

Religious buildings

, 44–45

Religious organisations

, 44–47

Restaurants

, 67–71

Retail services

, 61–67

Rural communities

, 11, 72

Schools

, 52, 54, 100–101

Security

, 21, 32, 87

Semi-private space

, 108–109

Semi-public spaces

, 25

Shared feelings

, 20

Shop assistants

, 17–18

Sociability

, 19

Social bridges

, 22–23

Social capital

, 5, 13, 21–23, 25–26

Social cohesion

, 5

Social connections

, 7, 12–13, 16, 18–20, 22–24, 26–27

Social distancing measures

, 93

Social economy

, 1

Social glue

, 22–23

Social infrastructure

, 1–2, 4–6, 15, 29, 81, 99

and age-friendly communities

, 23–25

austerity

, 84–91

conceptual framework of

, 15–23

coronavirus pandemic

, 91–97

diversity of

, 26–28

interactions

, 18–21

of intergenerational relationships

, 78–79

places

, 16–18

social capital

, 21–23

uneven geography

, 97–98

urban development and regeneration

, 82–84

Social interaction

, 18–19

in workplace

, 18

Social isolation

, 8

Social levellers

, 62–63

Social networks

, 5, 96

Social policy

, 22–23

Social sciences

, 2–3

Social skills

, 2–3

Social structures

, 9

Social surplus

, 20

Soft skills

, 2–3

Spaces. See also Everyday spaces

, 25, 59–60

of everyday interactions

, 73–74

Gardner’s typology of

, 25–26

Specialist food markets

, 62

Squeezed household budgets

, 85–86

Taking Part (2018)

, 55

Talking

, 67–73

Technological networks

, 15–16

Third place

, 16–17, 53, 108–109

Third sector. See Community and voluntary sector

Three-tier model

, 57

Toilet facilities

, 65

Top-down governance

, 12

Traders

, 63–64

Traditional markets

, 62

Transitions

, 9

Transitory zones

, 25

Urban change

, 18

Urban development and regeneration

, 82–84

Urban regeneration

, 82–84

Vitamin model

, 22–23

Volunteering

, 42–44

Volunteers in public libraries

, 87–88

Weak ties

, 22–23, 63–64, 101–102

World Health Organisation (WHO)

, 12