Citation

(2020), "", Ratten, V. (Ed.) Entrepreneurship as Empowerment: Knowledge Spillovers and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-550-720201012

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited

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INDEX

Index

Accelerators

, 12–13, 17–19, 153

Affordances

, 2

Air passenger

consumption behavior

, 130–132

experience

, 129

Air travel

, 128

Airport

airport-related factors

, 138–139

atmosphere

, 138–139

concessionaires

, 131

environment

, 130–131

AirsideEnjoy

, 142, 144

AirsideFear

, 142, 144

AirsideStress

, 142–143

Alpha company

, 133

Ambiguity

, 144

Application of knowledge transfer

, 18

Arousal–non-arousal emotional states

, 131

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

, 47

Asosiasi Pengusaha Kecil Jepara association

, 93

Association of knowledge transfer

, 18

Associations

, 153

Available time

, 141

Average variance explained (AVE)

, 142

Awareness of knowledge transfer

, 18

Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity

, 137

Bootstrapping

, 36

Born globals

, 157

Borrowing heavily risk

, 4

Boundary work

, 145

Brands

, 140

Brown Agenda

, 85

Brundtland commission

, 83–86

Business

, 5

creation

, 19

incubation

, 19

strategy

, 47

Businesspeople

, 46, 48, 58–59

Businessperson

, 46, 48–50

Capital

, 46

“Carbon neutral” programs

, 87

Cause-related marketing

, 118

Central and Eastern Europe countries (CEEC)

, 103

markets

, 104

Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)

, 93

Classic assumption test

, 52–53

Clusters

, 5, 17, 120

Coding

, 135

Coefficient of determination test

, 52

Cohort-based entry and exit

, 18

Collaborating down scenarios

, 93

Committing asset risk

, 4

Communal spirit

, 28, 33, 39

Community

, 153

Company’s performance

, 49

Competition level

, 67–68

Competitive intensity

, 7

Competitiveness

, 102–105, 114

Complex structures

, 5

Complexity

, 66, 72

Composite reliability (CR)

, 142

Conservationists

, 89

Consistency

, 34–35

Contingency theory

, 71

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

, 69–70

Corporate sustainability

, 86

Coworking

, 153

Cronbach’s alpha value

, 52, 142

Cross-cultural research

, 161

Crosstab analysis

, 58–59

Cultural background and identity

, 24

Cultural change

, 88

Cultural dimensions

, 23–24

Cultural environment

, 23

Cultural identity

, 24, 26

correlation of dimensions

, 32

data analysis

, 31–37

in impacting entrepreneurial performance

, 24–25

measures

, 31

methods

, 30–31

operational framework

, 30

theoretical foundation

, 25–30

Data analytics

, 9

Decision-making process

, 13

Deep clusters

, 120

Deliberate strategies

, 7

DEU airport

, 132

Digital entrepreneurial ecosystem

, 13, 156

Digital innovations

, 112

Digital marketing

, 2

Digital platforms

, 2

Digital technology in sport

, 111–112

Discriminant validity

, 36

Diversion

, 129

Dominance–submissiveness emotional states

, 131

Dropbox

, 112

Dynamism

, 66, 71

E-recruitment

, 27

Earth Summit Rio Conference (1993)

, 85–86

Ecological sustainability

, 87

Economic geography

, 16

Ecosystems

, 4, 12–13, 152, 155

Education

, 118, 153

Educational institutions

, 14, 16

Emergent strategies

, 7

Empowerment

, 1–2

Enablers

, 2

Enjoyment

, 141

Enterprises

, 53–55

Entrepreneurial activity

, 157

Entrepreneurial behavior

, 156–157

Entrepreneurial ecosystems

, 2, 5, 11–16, 152

accelerators

, 17–19

entities in

, 153

future research paths

, 159–161

geographical context

, 16–17

ingredients for

, 154–156

internationalization and

, 156–158

management

, 19–20

managerial implications

, 158

policy implications

, 159

properties

, 15

research questions

, 160

structural components

, 14–15

Entrepreneurial environments

, 17

Entrepreneurial expectancy

, 119

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO)

, 46–49, 64–65

analysis

, 52

classic assumption test

, 52

company’s performance

, 49

formulation of hypothesis

, 49–51

multiple linear regression

, 52

operational definitions of research variables

, 53

population and sample

, 52

relationship between environmental factors and

, 71–72

relationship between organizational factors and

, 72–73

relationship between performance and

, 73–75

research methodology

, 51–53

research results

, 53–59

theoretical framework

, 47–51

theoretical model

, 51

types and sources of data

, 51

Entrepreneurial performance

, 24, 26

communal spirit and

, 28

correlation of dimensions

, 32

family structure and

, 27–28

individualism orientation and

, 28–30

operational framework of cultural identity and

, 30

Entrepreneurs

, 2–3, 6, 12–13, 46, 120, 154, 156

transnational

, 5–6

Entrepreneurship

, 2–3, 13, 152, 155

dimensions of

, 46

networks, learning and

, 6–7

orientation

, 47–49, 55–57

questions for future research

, 7–8

in society

, 3–6

Environment(al)

complexity

, 72

degradation

, 85

dynamism

, 71

hostility

, 66, 72

of organizations

, 65–66

protection

, 85

uncertainty

, 66

European Union

, 156

Expectancy theory

, 119

Exploitation

, 121–122

Exporting

, 157

Externalization of knowledge transfer

, 18–19

Extroversion

, 48, 50

F test

, 52

Failure

, 20

Family orientation theory

, 25

Family structure

, 27–28, 31, 33, 37–38

Fear

, 141

Finance

, 14

Financial measures

, 26

Financial performance

, 68–69

relationship between EO and

, 73–74

Firm’s performance

, 47

extroversion and

, 50

innovativeness and

, 51

internal locus of control and

, 50

need for achievement and

, 49

proactiveness and

, 50

risk-taking and

, 50

self-reliance and

, 50

Firms

, 157

Five-point Likert scale instrument

, 31

Food and beverage consumption (F&B consumption)

, 128

and airport management interviews

, 135

coding and template analysis

, 135

data analysis

, 137–138

focus group

, 135–136

literature

, 128–132

materials and methods

, 132–138

outlets

, 133–134

passenger interviews

, 133

passenger survey

, 136–137, 142–144

qualitative study

, 133, 138–141

results

, 138–144

Food-related decisions

, 131

Formal networks

, 120

Formative model assessment

, 36–37

Function

, 129

Future research

, 7–8

Generativity

, 2

Globalization

, 82

GLOBE research

, 28–29

Green Agenda

, 85

Green furniture scenarios

, 93

Health

, 118

Healthy ecosystem

, 13

Heterogeneity

, 66

Heteroscedasticity test

, 52

High-growth entrepreneurship

, 13

High-quality entrepreneurial ecosystem

, 20

“High-road” strategy

, 92

Holiday mood

, 145

Homoscedasticity

, 52

Horizon 2020 initiatives

, 156

Hostility

, 66, 71

Hypotheses testing procedures

, 37

Ideation

, 121–122

Impulse shopping

, 131

Incubators

, 19, 153

Indicator reliability

, 34

Indigenous people

, 89

Individualism

, 25

orientation

, 28–30, 33–34, 40

Individualistic culture

, 29

Indonesian State Forestry

, 94

Indonesian timber legality assurance system

, 93

Industrial ecology framework

, 87

Industry clusters

, 5

Influencers

, 2

Informal networks

, 120

Information communications technology

, 121

Infrastructure

, 12, 18

Innovation

, 6, 88–89, 121–122

Innovative places

, 6

Innovative service enterprises, liberalization of services–framework for

, 102–103

Innovativeness

, 51, 101–105

Integrative model

, 71

Interaction

, 129

Interdependencies

, 122

Internal locus of control

, 48, 50

Internal recruitment

, 27

International business scholars

, 161

International entrepreneurship

, 156–157

International Oil Companies (IOCs)

, 24

Internationalization

, 156–158

Invention

, 19, 121–122

Investors

, 153

Jamaican craft items

, 83

Jepara traditional furniture industry

, 90–94

Jepara traditional woodworking industry

, 91–93

Judgmental method

, 30

Knowledge

, 4, 6, 13

transfer

, 18

Knowledge spillovers

, 2

theory of entrepreneurship

, 7

Landscape

, 154

Langganan and Bapak/anak Angkat kinship relations

, 91

Leadership

, 14

in sport

, 123

Learning

, 6–7

Liberalization

, 101–102

innovations of service enterprises

, 103–107

of services–framework for innovative service enterprises

, 102–103

Liminality

, 129–130

Location

, 154

Locus of control

, 48

Long-term business

, 86–90

Low-quality entrepreneurial ecosystem

, 20

Lululemon

, 112

Management

entrepreneurial ecosystems

, 19–20

skills

, 14

strategic

, 122–123

strategies

, 7

Manufacturing industry

, 121

Market orientation

, 47

Marketing

, 14

Measurement model assessment

, 34–35

Mentoring

, 18

Microsoft Excel for descriptive analysis

, 133

Model assessment

, 34

Mountainous landscapes

, 154

Moving up scenarios

, 93

Multi-method case approach

, 132

Multicollinearity test

, 52

Multinomial categorical regression

, 137, 142

Multiple linear regression

, 52

Multiple regression analysis, results of

, 57

Munificence

, 66, 71

National culture

, 23, 27

Natural resources

, 154

Need of achievement

, 48–49

Nervousness

, 140–141

Networking

, 120–121

Networks

, 6–7, 120

Nigeria

, 28–30

entrepreneurial development in

, 24

SMEs in

, 24–25

Non-financial measures

, 26

Normality test

, 52

Northern environmentalist

, 85

Objective measures

, 26

Openness

, 2

Organizational climate (OC)

, 47, 67

Organizational factors

, 67

competition level

, 67–68

OC

, 67

passion for work

, 67

structure and size’s sport organization

, 68

Organizations

, 7

environment of

, 65–66

EO

, 64

learning

, 88

Orientation (see also Entrepreneurial orientation (EO))

, 27

Outer model (see Measurement model assessment)

Outlet design and layout

, 139

Outlet Patronage intention

, 137–138

Outlet-related factors

, 139–140

Partial least square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)

, 34

Passengers

, 139, 141

passenger-related factors

, 140–141

survey

, 136–137, 142–144

Passion for work

, 67

PERHUTANI (see Indonesian State Forestry)

Personal references

, 27

Physical co-location

, 18

Pleasure

, 141

pleasure–displeasure emotional states

, 131

Points of Single Contact (PSC)

, 105, 107

Polish service enterprises

benefits and threats

, 106

competitiveness and innovativeness of

, 105

Polygamous family

, 27–28

Price

, 140

Principal component analysis

, 137, 142

Proactive attitude

, 48

Proactiveness

, 50

Proactivity

, 6–7

Product offers

, 139

Proprietary functions

, 12

Proximity

, 140

Psychometric tests

, 27

Public institutions

, 153

Public resource endowments

, 12

Pull-factor

, 139

QSR NVivo for thematic analysis

, 133

QSR NVivo version 10

, 135

Qualitative study

, 133, 138–141

Realization

, 16

Regional agglomerators of entrepreneurial activity

, 19

Regional policies

, 6

Regression analysis

, 31, 36

Relationships

, 5, 14

between environmental factors and EO

, 71–72

between EO and financial performance

, 73–74

between EO and social performance

, 74–75

between EO and sporting performance

, 75

between organizational factors and EO

, 72–73

Reliability

, 34–35

test

, 52–53, 55

Research

, 153

Respondents

, 53–56

Risk assessment

, 6

Risk perceptions, preferences and propensity

, 4

Risk taking

, 6, 48, 50

Sacred spaces

, 130

Scale

, 156

Scale-ups

, 14–15

Science parks

, 153

Scope

, 156

Security process

, 139

Seed funding

, 18

Self-categorization theory

, 6

Self-regulation

, 20

Self-reliance

, 48, 50

Services

, 129

Directive

, 103

Personnel

, 129

provider

, 102

Servicescape

, 129

Shallow clusters

, 120

Short-term business

, 86–90

Small and medium enterprises

, 87–88

Small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs)

, 24, 31, 33, 102

Small Business Development Centres

, 156

Small firms in developing country in sustainability

, 86–90

Small traditional industry

, 82

developing countries traditional industry research inquiry

, 94–97

Jepara traditional furniture industry

, 90–94

literature review

, 83–86

small firms in developing country in sustainability

, 86–90

Small-scale industry

, 82

Small-to-medium enterprise (SME)

, 93

Smart cities

, 156

Smart Specialization initiatives

, 156

Smell

, 139

Social capital

, 119–121

Social identity theory

, 6

Social performance

, 69–70

relationship between EO and

, 74–75

Socialization

, 27

Society, entrepreneurship in

, 3–6

Spacelessness

, 129, 131

Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient

, 31, 33

Spectacular spaces

, 130

Sport organizations

, 122–123

Sport start-up practices

, 111

expectancy theory

, 119

innovation

, 121–122

nature

, 114

process

, 114–119

social capital

, 119–121

strategic management

, 122–123

Sporting performance

, 69

relationship between EO and

, 75

Sports clubs

, 68

Sports entities

, 67

Sports entrepreneurship

, 64

environment of organizations

, 65–66

EO

, 63–65

models

, 70–75

organizational factors

, 67–68

Sports organization

, 67

financial performance

, 68–69

performance in

, 68–70

social performance

, 69–70

sporting performance

, 69

structure and size’s

, 68

Stakeholders

, 121–123

Stand-ups

, 14

Start-ups

, 11–15

infrastructure

, 18

State actors

, 5

Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS)

, 31

Statistical techniques

, 31

Stimulus–response model

, 131

Strategic entrepreneurship

, 6

Strategic management

, 122–123

Strategic risk

, 4

Straw baskets

, 83

Stress

, 140–141

Strong sustainability

, 84

Structural equation modeling-PLS (SEM-PLS)

, 31

Subjective measures

, 26

Succession planning

, 27

Survivability

, 83

Survivability and Sustainability of Traditional Industry

, 93–94

Sustainability

, 83

behavior

, 122

history and debates with concern for rural developing country

, 83–86

small firms in developing country in

, 86–90

Sustainable development

, 84, 86

Sustainable world society

, 85

SVLK (Indonesian timber legality assurance system)

, 93

t-test

, 52

Template analysis

, 135

Time

, 116

Timelessness

, 129, 131

Trade associations

, 153

Traditional business incubators

, 17

Traditional recruitment methods

, 27

Training

, 18

Transformation of knowledge transfer

, 18

Transnational entrepreneurs

, 5–6

Transnational entrepreneurship

, 5

Transportation costs

, 154

Under Armour

, 112

Unknown risk

, 4

Valence, instrumentality and expectancy theory (VIE theory) (see Expectancy theory)

Validity test

, 52–54

Value chain

, 92

Value Chain Analysis (VCA)

, 93

Variant inflating factor (VIF)

, 52

Venture growth

, 49

Wal-Mart

, 87

Weak sustainability

, 84

Weaknesses

, 20

World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)

, 83

World Conservation Strategy

, 85

World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002)

, 84