Index

Citation

(2020), "Index", Majors, R., Carberry, K. and Ransaw, T.S. (Ed.) The International Handbook of Black Community Mental Health, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 577-593. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83909-964-920201036

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited

---

INDEX

Abuse, categories of

, 155–156

Academia, racism in

changing research topic

, 98–99

competence

, 97–98

conceptualisation of ‘ivory tower’ of academia

, 90–91

dysconscious racism

, 94

endings

, 100–104

lens

, 95–96

mental health within ivory tower

, 93

misunderstandings

, 99–100

new beginning

, 104

outsiders in ivory tower

, 92–93

under representation of black people on journey to ivory tower

, 91–92

shift in supervisory relationships

, 96–97

stories

, 94–95

Academic achievement

, 194

Academic disidentification

, 194–195

Academic racism (see also Institutional racism; Systemic racism)

, 58

advocacy in case of discrimination

, 64–65

critical knowledge in multi-layered society

, 70–71

leadership

, 60–64

orchestrating multi-dimensional identities

, 65–70

Access to ‘Divine Capital’

, 286

Access to mental health services

, 4

for African Americans

, 12

barriers to

, 12, 113

Access to mental health services for African Americans, barriers to

, 113

Accreditation process

, 553

Activists

, 463

Adoption and Children Act (2002)

, 396

Advocacy

, 442

in discrimination case

, 64–65

Aetiology and Ethnicity in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses (AESOP)

, 446

African Americans

and employment

, 266–268

and mental health

, 265–266

VR services for African American with mental health diagnoses

, 269–272

African Caribbean Community Initiative (ACCI)

, 137

African Jubilee Year Declaration

, 137

African-Caribbean Black and Minority Ethnic (ACBME)

, 433–434

African-Caribbean Mental Health in UK

, 446–448

assets-based, community-centred approach

, 448–449

CaFI

, 454–455

CaFI for schizophrenia

, 450–453

compliance with ethical standards

, 455

FI ‘talking treatment’

, 449–450

implications

, 454

testing CaFI

, 453

African-Caribbeans

, 177–178, 335, 445

Afriphobia

, 143

Afro Caribbean Community, SPD and

, 486–487

Afrocentric psychology

, 123

Airport experience

, 524–525

Al Qaeda

, 468

Alert Programme strategies

, 485–486

Alzheimer’s disease

, 413, 415

American Psychiatric Association (APA)

, 3, 186

Americans with Disabilities Act

, 268

Analytical cross-cultural therapy

, 370

Anger

, 168, 288, 407, 462

Anti-Black racial misandry

, 84

Anti-oppressive supervision

, 559

Anti-racism

, 555

‘Anti-racist’ education

, 352

Anxiety

, 168, 242, 370, 432

Arranged marriage

, 19, 498, 511

Asian culture

, 237, 497

Asperger’s Syndrome

, 462

Assets-based approach

, 448–449

Assimilation

, 397

Asylums to community care

, 146–147

Attachment theory

, 535–536

to Reid and Bledsoe

, 472–474

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)

, 483

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

, 483

Autism

, 462

race problem

, 238

Autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS)

, 236

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)

, 233–234, 483

achieving cultural competency in ASD assessment

, 239–241

impact of changes to diagnostic criteria

, 235–237

diagnostic failings in ASD assessment in BME population

, 237–238

multicultural treatment-led model

, 233

tackling inequalities

, 241

therapeutic interventions for

, 242–244

‘Backdoor’ exclusions

, 352

BAME clients’ and families’ value system

, 9

Barriers to mental health in Black/African American Community

, 113

Battered race syndrome (see also racial battle fatigue)

, 6

Behaviour

, 357, 441

Behavioural therapies

, 2–3

Behaviours indicating SPD

, 487–488

Belief systems within South Asian families

, 500–501

Bennett Inquiry

, 44–45

Bethlem Royal Hospital

, 146

Big, bad, mad and dangerous stereotype

, 2, 4, 11, 37–52, 135, 137, 143, 447

Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups (BAME groups)

, 7, 40–41, 145, 321, 324

Black and Minority Ethnic communities (BME communities)

, 1, 38–39, 58, 91–92, 134, 159–160

Black boys

challenges affecting black boys in schools in UK

, 283–286

comments and recommendations

, 202

cultural competence model for teachers and Black boys

, 193

EL

, 195–202

Excell3’s Black Boys Can Intervention Programmes

, 286–292

impact of targeted intervention for disadvantaged pupils

, 292–294

underachievement

, 283

Black Boys Can Project

, 15, 284, 286–292

Black Boys Empowerment Programme

, 287

Black Britain

, 133, 445

Black churches

, 286, 470, 527

Black community

, 8, 177, 563

stigmas within

, 256

Black empathic approach

, 550

Black excellence movement

, 66

Black experience credibility

, 470

Black families

, 369–370

Black Health and Wellbeing Commission

, 140

Black History Month

, 137, 142

Black identity

, 329

Black male

self-actualising

, 289

self-concept

, 288

Black males of color (BMOC)

, 3, 255

Black Mental Health

, 133–135, 140

“Black on black” violence

, 139

Black patients

, 40, 43–44, 134, 178, 335

Black people

, 3, 37–38, 445

Black psychology/Afro-centric psychology

, 4

Black racial identity status

, 372, 390–391

Black therapists

, 370

authors’ therapeutic experience

, 374–375

black racial identity status

, 372, 390–391

Caribbean migration and acculturation

, 369

cultural perception study design choice

, 371

impact of curiosity

, 382

demographic characteristics

, 375–377

design

, 378

ethical issues

, 378

eye contact

, 382

findings

, 379–381

limitations and future directions

, 384–385

materials

, 375

method

, 375

participants

, 375

procedure

, 378

questionnaire

, 393–394

reflexivity working within insider/outsider position

, 382–383

research questions

, 380–381

second generation socialisation

, 369–371

status of clients and therapists’ own racial identity

, 383–384

white racial identity status

, 372–374, 391–392

working with ‘not knowing’ position

, 384

Black Thrive

, 140

Black Western Archetype

, 550

Black women

and cultural disposition

, 550

discrimination

, 86

hyper-policing of

, 84

identities

, 92

as leaders

, 16

leadership experiences of

, 319–331

self-definition and self-valuation

, 326

in UK

, 7

Black youth

, 256

Black/African American Community

, 113

barriers to mental health in

, 113

community engagement with

, 121–124

cultural competence and humility in

, 124

cultural responses to implicit provider bias

, 120

implicit provider bias and

, 110–112

mental health

, 109

psychosocial issues affecting

, 118–120

review of literature

, 114–118

social determinants of health and

, 112–113

strategies to reducing implicit bias

, 124–125

Black/African Americanness

, 119

Black/African-American psychology

, 5

Black/Afro-centric psychology

, 8

Boys 2 Men

, 169

Bradford riots

, 324

British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP)

, 186, 190

British Nationality Act

, 50

British Psychological Society (BPS)

, 186, 346

British West Indies Regiment (BWIR)

, 49–50

Burden of acting white

, 194–195

Business incubators

, 275–276, 278

Care Act (2014)

, 154–155

Care Program Approach (CPA)

, 152

Care Quality Commission (CQC)

, 39, 134

Caretaking whites

, 406–407

Caribbean

, 497–498, 520

migration and acculturation

, 369

Carlos Bledsoe case study

, 467–468

potential explanations for terrorist inclinations of

, 468–474

Celebrating diversity

, 406

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

, 238, 248

Chester M. Pierce

, 79, 82, 86

Chicago Add Us In Initiative (AUI Initiative)

, 276

Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS)

, 159, 162, 499, 504

Child sexual abuse

, 319

Child sexual exploitation (CSE)

, 319–321

Children

, 159, 162

commissioning services

, 164

lack of data

, 161–162

policy and strategic landscape

, 162–164

impact of race and ethnicity terminology

, 160–161

voluntary and community sector

, 164–165

Children Act (1989)

, 396

Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (CAFCASS)

, 504

Children and Young People

, 159–172

psychological effects upon

, 511–512

Choose Life International

, 3

Civil Rights Movement

, 463

Class

, 61, 498

of community activists

, 137

faces discrimination on

, 345

mental health professional

, 181

structure

, 520

working class feminist

, 324

young people at

, 168

Clients’ racial identity status

, 383–384

Client–therapist racial/ethnic matching

, 187

Clinical Psychology

, 323, 325, 329, 346

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

, 242–243, 455, 484

Cognitive dissonance

, 557

Cognitive divide in education

, 198

Cognitive frames

, 405

Cognitive opening

, 469

Cognitive therapies

, 2–3

Colonisation

, 49–50, 498

Color-blind approach

, 139, 300

Colour-blind racial attitudes

, 186

Commissioning services

, 164

Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD)

, 139

Commonwealth and Immigration Act (1962)

, 50

Communication

, 408, 451

Community

church environment

, 310

community-based parenting

, 536

community-based research approach

, 123

community-based therapeutic service

, 326

community-centred approach

, 448–449

engagement with Black/African American Community

, 121–124

family therapy

, 519, 529

mental health

, 448, 564

tasks

, 536–537

violence

, 194

Community Treatment Orders (CTOs)

, 134, 138–139

Community-partnered Participatory Research (CPPR)

, 446, 451

Compassion

, 208

Competence

, 97–98, 183

Compulsion

, 152, 244

Conformity

, 372

stage of racial identity statuses

, 390

Connection to God

, 311

Conscious perpetrators

, 94

Constructive conversations

, 201

Continuous traumatic stress (CTS)

, 6

Conventional practice

, 185

‘Cool Pose’ theory

, 5

Cooperatives

, 276–277

Counselling theories

, 179

Count Me In Census

, 163

County Asylum Act

, 146

Criminal justice system (CJS)

, 37, 40

Crisis time/non-crisis time interactions

, 217–219

Critical knowledge in multi-layered society

, 70–71

Critical race theory

, 185, 300

Cultural/culturally/culture

, 8–9, 133, 187, 239–240

adapted therapy

, 451

appropriate services

, 9, 123, 346

in ASD assessment

, 239–241

awareness

, 240

baggage

, 200

competence

, 8–10, 197, 442

and competency

, 164

competent healthcare system

, 442–443

cultural-specificity of family assessment

, 450

culture-based treatment

, 123–124

‘culture-specific’ behaviours

, 352

in delivering counselling and psychotherapy services

, 177

determinism

, 181

evidence for MCC efficacy

, 182–183

focused groups

, 122

gaze

, 555

and humility in Black/African American Mental Health

, 124

identity

, 462

individual and professional practice issues effecting MCC

, 187–190

insider

, 171, 382–383, 512, 514

mental health services

, 121

misconceptions

, 194

mistrust

, 4–5

need for targeted therapy services and training

, 183–187

notions of culture

, 178–182

outsider

, 171, 382–383, 509

paranoia

, 4–5

perception study design choice

, 371

pride

, 519

responses to implicit provider bias

, 120

talking treatment

, 445, 454

theory

, 384, 543

training of GPs

, 185

trauma

, 6–8

Culturally adapted FI (CaFI)

, 450

for schizophrenia

, 450–453

testing

, 453

Cure the NHS

, 150–151, 157

Curiosity

, 512–514, 533

DAISH

, 468

Data, lack of

, 161–162

De-colonising approaches

, 168

Death

, 43, 48, 304, 527

of Cumberbatch

, 37

in forensic setting

, 11

likelihood of

, 41

in psychiatric system

, 334

Deficit psychology

, 8

Delivering Race Equality (DRE)

, 138, 448

in Mental Health Care

, 163

strategy

, 139

Dementia

, 17–18, 413–415

impact in economically underdeveloped world

, 415–416

in minority ethnic and migrant communities

, 416–423

mobilizing international approach to dementia in

, 423–425

Denial of racism

, 555

Department for Children, Schools and Families

, 284

Department for Education (DFe)

, 283

Department of Health

, 184–185

Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC)

, 152

Depression

, 117, 414, 432

Deprivation

, 135

Detachment

, 472

Developmental coordination disorders

, 483

Diaspora effect on belief systems

, 509–511

Disabled Business Persons Association (DBA)

, 274

Disadvantaged pupils, impact of targeted intervention for

, 292–294

Discourse

, 303–304

Discrimination

, 81, 85, 156, 450

advocacy in

, 64–65

of black communities

, 564

institutional

, 85

interpersonal

, 440

through unwitting prejudice

, 47

Disparities

, 85, 110, 112, 262, 270, 272, 447

Dissonance

, 372, 390

Distorted lens

, 96

Diverse leadership deficit

, 321–322

Diversity

, 155, 186

Dominican Republic

, 521

working with families in

, 539–541

Drapetomania

, 4, 440

DSM-5

, 235–236

Dysconscious racism

, 94

Early Start Denver Model (ESDM)

, 243

Earthquake

, 541

survival

, 527–531

Economics

, 252–253

Educational achievement

, 284–287, 292

Educational institutions

, 194, 252

Effective evidence-based strategies

, 125

Emancipation Act

, 438

Embodiment

, 311–312

Emersion

, 372

stage of racial identity statuses

, 390

status

, 373

Emotional literacy (EL)

, 195–202

Emotional Literacy Reflective Interactive Tool (ELRIT)

, 205, 220–229

Emotional/emotions

, 351, 353

analysis

, 220, 222–223

intelligence

, 195

in learning

, 199

literacy

, 205–212

recognition

, 220–221

regulation

, 220, 223–229

resilience

, 195

understanding

, 220, 222

wellness

, 196–197

Empathy

, 188–189, 199

Employment

African Americans and

, 266–268

outcomes

, 267, 271–273

Employment assistance providers (EAPs)

, 73

Employment Intervention Demonstration Program

, 267

Enlightened perpetrators/activists

, 94

Entrepreneurship (see also Self-employment)

, 274–276, 278

Environmental racial microaggression

, 83

Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study

, 118

Equality

, 186

Ethnic(ity)

, 40, 69, 187, 238

identity

, 396

minorities

, 446

REF

, 551–560

socialisation

, 402

studies

, 71

of terminology impact

, 160–161

Eurocentric mental health services

, 4

European Commission against Racism and Intolerance Report (ECRI Report)

, 40, 42

Everyday racism

, 1–3, 6

Excell3’s Black Boys Can Intervention Programmes

, 286–292

Exclusion

, 42, 70, 72, 134, 162

Eye contact and safe touch

, 382, 534–535

Faith

, 299, 307

Family

assessment

, 450

family-based therapy

, 450

instability

, 194

therapy in context of community

, 527–531

Family Intervention (FI)

, 449

talking treatment

, 449–450

Family/community

, 254–255

Fight and flight mode

, 482, 484

Financial abuse

, 156

First Black Republic establishment

, 521

Fixed-term exclusions

, 352

Forced marriage

, 498

clinical practice

, 501

honor

, 499–501

effect of migration and diaspora on belief systems

, 509–511

parental alienation

, 514

positioning and curiosity

, 512–514

positioning theory

, 508–509

psychological effects upon children and young people

, 511

South Asian families

, 501–502

structure

, 498–499

Vignette 1

, 502–504

Vignette 2

, 504–507

Francis Report

, 150–151

Fundamentalist religious principles

, 471

Ganja psychosis

, 136–137

Gatekeeper

, 531, 544

Gender

, 16, 38, 58, 60–61, 63, 65, 67, 70, 79, 81

microaggressions

, 64, 80

General counselling competence

, 188

Girl Talk

, 168

Global radicalisation process

, 471

God Positioning System (GPS)

, 304

metaphor of

, 304–305

staying connected and repositioning practice with

, 307–308

Government

, 253–254

‘Ground up’ approach

, 538

Grounded spiritual visions

, 311–312

Gun crime

, 139

Hagar (African-Caribbean mental health project)

, 18, 431

Haiti

, 19, 521

Haiti earthquake (2010)

, 519

Haitian belief system

, 519

Haitian family life

, 525–526

Haitian indigenous community

, 519

Handshake

, 534–535

‘Hard-to-reach’ communities

, 446–447, 453

Health

disparities

, 112

inequity

, 112

racial disparities in

, 85–86

racism and

, 85

Health Complaint Commission (HCC)

, 150

Healthcare

, 112

providers

, 442

and public health

, 253

rights

, 422–423

Helms racial identity interaction model

, 371

Help-seeking

, 451, 453

Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA)

, 58, 93

Honor

, 499

belief systems within South Asian families

, 500–501

Izzat and Sharam

, 499–500

maintaining concept of

, 510

Honor cultures

, 510

in USA

, 498–499

Honour (film)

, 499

Hospital

, 2–3, 37, 39, 146, 153, 531

Humiliation

, 555

Hyper-toxic environments

, 81

Identity

, 133, 462

disruption

, 462

Illinois Vocational Rehabilitation Agency

, 276

Illness model

, 436

Immersion stage

, 372

of racial identity statuses

, 390

Implicit Association Test

, 115

Implicit bias

, 47, 81

strategies to reducing

, 124–125

Implicit provider bias

, 110–112, 114

cultural responses to

, 120

Inculturation

, 179

Indebtedness

, 500–501

Independent Review of the Mental Health Act

, 147

Individual terrorist radicalisation processes

, 468

Indoctrination

, 469

Inequality

, 2, 352

of black communities

, 564

Inertia following inquires

, 43–46

Infant Start

, 243

Informal exclusions

, 352

INQUEST

, 151

Institute of Race Relations, The

, 44–45

Institutional discrimination

, 85

Institutional racism (see also Academic racism; Systemic racism)

, 2, 46–48, 50, 119, 557

Institutional trauma

, 253

Integral pastoral approach

, 527

Integrative Awareness

, 372

Integrative awareness

, 390–391

Intellectual authority

, 471

Interactional model

, 374

Interethnic Adoptions Provisions (1996)

, 397

Internalisation

, 372, 390

Internalised culture

, 180

Internalised racism

, 85, 91, 557

International Labour Organization (ILO)

, 276

Interpersonal discrimination

, 440

Intersectionality

, 160–161

Islamic State (see DAISH)

Islamophobia

, 554

“Ivory tower” of academia

, 89

conceptualisation

, 90–91

mental health within

, 93

outsiders in

, 92–93

under representation of black people on journey to

, 91–92

Izzat

, 19

Jahadization

, 470

Jamaica

, 49–50, 51, 335, 340, 396, 438–439, 447

Jaunes

, 523

Job creation for people with disabilities

, 277

Joint Commission

, 114, 121

Judaism

, 467

Knowledge and attitudes about mental health programs and services

, 256

Labeling

, 147, 461

Lakou system

, 521, 536

Lambeth Black Health and Wellbeing Commission

, 45–46

Lambeth Local Authority

, 283

Leadership

, 60, 321–322

understanding and solidarity

, 62–64

Learning coach

, 359

Legacy

, 500–501

Lens

, 95–96

Local authority

, 149, 154, 320–321, 398

London borough of Lambeth

, 140

‘Lone wolf’ type attacks

, 461, 462

Loss experiences

, 339–340

Low and Middle-Income Countries (LAMICs)

, 454

Low-income black communities

, 261

Madhouse Act

, 146

Manic depression

, 432

Marginalisation

, 467

Marijuana

, 452

Maroons

, 438

Marriage

, 501, 511

Mass media

, 254

Meaningful employment

, 266

Medical illness model

, 436

Medical professionals

, 116, 178

Medicalisation

, 2, 441

MEE Eight Variables Model

, 250–255

Mega church

, 306

Meltdown

, 19, 482, 487

Memory loss

, 415

Mental Capacity Act (2005)

, 153

Mental disorder

, 431, 462

Mental health

, 109, 303–304

administrators and providers

, 114

African Americans and

, 265–266

analysis

, 435–443

black mental health matters

, 133–135

children in UK

, 401–409

depression

, 432

disorders

, 284–285, 440

Hagar mental health project

, 431

within ivory tower

, 93

knowledge and attitudes about mental health programs and services

, 256

medical definition of personality disorder

, 432

Mental Health Project for ACBME

, 433–435

MHA and CTOs

, 138–139

mistrust of mental health treatment services

, 256–257

project for ACBME

, 433–434

providers

, 124

schizophrenia

, 431–432

services

, 523–524

stigmas within black community

, 256

stressors

, 118

from striving to thriving

, 139–143

treatment system

, 255

uprising and riots in 1980s to millennials

, 136–138

and wellbeing

, 133, 159

Mental Health Act (MHA)

, 2, 38, 134, 138–139, 145, 152–153, 343–344, 447, 451, 551–560, 563

Mental health professional (AMHP)

, 152

Mental Health Task Force (2015)

, 45

Mental Health Use of Force Act

, 141, 563

Mentally ordered offenders

, 136

Micro-assaults

, 83, 185

Micro-insults

, 83, 185

Micro-invalidations

, 185

Microaggressions

, 81, 84, 185–186

in mental health

, 5–6

Microinvalidation

, 83

Migrant communities

dementia in

, 416–418

in Europe and parts of economically developed world

, 421–422

and healthcare rights

, 422–423

in UK

, 420–421

in United States

, 418–419

Migration

, 340

effect on belief systems

, 509–511

hypotheses

, 446

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

, 414

Mindfulness

, 188–189

Mini-communications

, 217–219

Ministerial Advisory Group on Mental Health Strategy, The

, 45

Minority ethnic

, 446

dementia in

, 416–418

in Europe and parts of economically developed world

, 421–422

and healthcare rights

, 422–423

mobilizing international approach to dementia in

, 423–425

in UK

, 420–421

in United States

, 418–419

Misconception of self

, 94

Mission

model

, 531

trip

, 524

Mistrust

of mental health treatment services

, 256–257

roots of

, 4–6

Mixed non-profit sector

, 523

‘Mixed’ heritage

, 445

Monotheism

, 468

Monsoon Wedding (film)

, 513

Mothering

, 525, 538

Mulatre

, 520, 523

Mulberry Bush Outreach organisation

, 285

Multi-cultural competencies (MCC) (see also Cultural competencies)

, 14, 177, 179

evidence for MCC efficacy

, 182–183

individual and professional practice issues effecting

, 187–190

Multi-dimensional identities, orchestrating

, 65–70

Multi-stakeholder cooperatives

, 277

Multi-systemic concepts

, 525, 528

Multicultural counselling competence

, 188

Multicultural education

, 352

Multiethnic Placement Act (1994)

, 397

Narcissism

, 462

National Approved Mental Health Professional Conference

, 152

National Education Association (NEA)

, 293

National Health Service (NHS)

, 1, 44, 147, 445

England’s Independent Mental Health Taskforce

, 139–140

hospital

, 147

principles

, 445

staffing

, 147–148

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

, 448, 453

National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)

, 449–450

National Institute of Health (NIH)

, 239

National Research Ethics Service (NRES)

, 455

National Service Framework

, 162–163

Neglect

, 156

Neo-liberalist responses

, 550

‘Network based’ terrorists

, 462

Neuroses

, 437

New Horizons

, 138

No Health Without Mental Health

, 138

Non-cognitive divide in education

, 198

Non-crisis time interaction exercise

, 219

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

, 523

Non-pharmacological approaches

, 414–415

Normative implicit provider bias

, 111

Notion in terrorism

, 462–463

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (see also Autism spectrum disorders (ASD))

, 243

Occupational therapists

, 483

Off the Record (OTR)

, 167, 170–172

Office of Disability Employment Policy (ODEP)

, 275

Oppression

, 524–525, 551

Over responsive sensory processing

, 482

Over-/misdiagnosis of schizophrenia

, 3

Over-representation

in mental Ill health and custody

, 39–41

reasons for

, 41–42

Paranoid ideation

, 136

Paranoid schizophrenia

, 431

Parental alienation

, 507, 514

Parenting programmes

, 531

Parents, explaining SPD to

, 488–490

Parkinson’s disease

, 413

Pastors as counsellors and translators

, 541–544

Paths cross

, 323–324

Patriarchy

, 514

People of colour

, 9–10

Persecutory framework development

, 340–341

Persecutory system

, 336–339

Person-centered care

, 147

Personal authority

, 471

Personal construct psychology (PCP)

, 351–358

derived approach

, 17

Personal construct theory (see Personal construct psychology (PCP))

Personal identity

, 463

Personal perceptions

, 351, 353

Personality

, 462

disorder

, 432

Perspective-taking strategy

, 125

Pictorial Autism Assessment Schedule (PAAS)

, 241

Place and train (see Supported employment)

Plantocracy societies

, 498

Policy

, 162–164

Political unrest

, 521–523

Population health

, 260–261

Population needs assessments

, 164

“Population-based” study

, 274

Positioned/positioning

, 93, 96, 346, 512–514

theory

, 508–509

Post colonization

, 498

Post-colonial theory

, 50

Post-traumatic slave syndrome (PTSS)

, 6–7

Post-traumatic stress (PTS)

, 432

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

, 6

Poverty

, 194

Power

, 209, 303–304

dynamics

, 147

Pre-school Autism Communication Trial (PACT)

, 242

Prevention-oriented approach

, 256

Principles

, 123, 148, 358

Private for-profit sector

, 523

Private non-profit sector

, 523

Protective factor interventions

, 15

Protective factors for mental health

, 247

experts

, 248

failure

, 250–255

mental health treatment system

, 255–257

resiliency

, 257–262

Provider bias

, 115

Pseudo-independence stage

, 373

Pseudo-leadership

, 330

Psychiatric

care

, 447

disorders

, 112

labels

, 445

Psychiatrists

, 43

Psychiatry

, 441–443

Psycho-education

, 450, 452, 528

expanding psycho-educative approach

, 531–533

Psychological

interventions

, 198

strengths

, 257

Psychopathology

, 118

Psychopathy

, 462

Psychosis

, 437, 451

Psychosocial issues affecting Black/African American Mental Health

, 118–120

Psychotherapy

, 2

Puerperal psychosis

, 437

Purnell Model for Cultural Confidence

, 240

Purpose, Strategy, Outcome, Review model (PSOR model)

, 359–365

Pyramid technique

, 355

Quality teaching

, 531

Questionnaire

, 371, 378, 384, 393–394

Race

, 38, 69, 187, 395

critical theory

, 61

lessons

, 405–406

of terminology impact

, 160–161

Race Disparity Audit

, 46, 139, 563

Race Equality Patient Charter

, 140

Race Equality Survey

, 91

Race Relations Amendment Act (2001)

, 138

Racial battle fatigue

, 6, 79–83

Racial coloration

, 520

Racial connectedness

, 289–290

Racial disparities

in disability diagnosis

, 267

in employment

, 85

in health

, 85–86

in service delivery

, 85

in vocational rehabilitation services

, 272

Racial equilibrium vs. racial disequilibrium

, 82

Racial harmony

, 441

Racial identity theory

, 373

Racial inequality

, 352

Racial macroaggressions

, 80, 82

Racial microaggressions

, 1-2, 5–7, 10, 80–83

Racial misogyny

, 84

Racial stereotyping

, 4, 43

Racial trauma

, 6–8

Racial-/cultural-specific trauma model

, 6

Racialized process

, 549

day-to-day racism

, 550–551

Mental Health Act and ethnicity REF

, 551–560

Racism

, 2, 38, 79, 83, 94, 117–118, 266, 339, 351–352, 440, 450, 549–550, 554

denial of

, 555

and health

, 85

in mental health system

, 440–441

in psychology

, 550

Radicalisation

, 463–464, 468, 472

Rascality

, 4

Real Talk

, 168–169

Reciprocal determinism

, 181

“Recognition trauma”

, 550

Reflections on becoming ‘leaders’

Romana Farooq

, 324–327

Tânia Rodrigues

, 327–330

Reflexivity

, 383

in clinical and leadership practice

, 306–307

working within insider/outsider position

, 382–383

Rehabilitation Act

, 15, 268

Relational attribute

, 210, 213

Religion

, 299, 301, 307, 473

Resilience

, 533

training strategy for black youth

, 261

Resiliency

, 257

addressing other health disparities

, 262

connectedness to positive people, places, and things to do

, 259

evaluation

, 260–261

faster recovery

, 261

higher purpose

, 259

improvisation

, 259

navigating systems

, 260

plans

, 259

primary prevention

, 261

sense of self

, 258

take care of self/take care of others

, 258

trends in funding

, 262

Respect, lack of

, 253

Restraint(s)

, 38, 40, 42, 45, 49, 141, 310, 447

‘Reverse’ transracial placement

, 397–398

Richard Reid case study

, 464–467

potential explanations for terrorist inclinations of

, 468–474

Risk

, 12, 42–43, 145, 419, 426, 553

assessment

, 152

dementia

, 422

factors

, 14–15, 119

of relapse

, 449

Royal College of Psychiatrists

, 140

Safeguarding

, 13, 154–155, 301, 509

Salafi-ism

, 469

Schizophrenia

, 431–432, 446, 448

CaFI for

, 450–453

racialising and biased roots of

, 3–4

School Exclusion Risk Reduction Programme

, 287–288

Schools

, 352

Second generation socialisation

, 369–371

Segregation

, 85

Self esteem

, 5, 15, 73, 119, 133, 258, 268, 273, 288, 401–404, 549, 564

Self-agency of individuals

, 509

Self-awareness

, 9, 119, 258

Self-confidence/teacher efficacy

, 210

Self-employment

, 273–277

Self-esteem

, 119

Self-identification

, 469–470

Self-knowledge

, 330–331

Self-organised learning (SOL)

, 358–359

Self-reflection

, 216–217

Self-reflexivity

, 306, 512

Self-regulation

, 485

Seni’s Law

, 141, 563

Sensory

activities

, 19

diets

, 485

integration theory

, 483

modulation programmes

, 486

profile

, 484–485

Sensory processing

, 481

Alert Programme strategies

, 486

behaviours indicating SPD

, 487–488

disorder

, 482–483

expected response

, 481

explaining SPD to young people, parents and teachers

, 488–490

occupational therapists

, 483

over responsive

, 482

under responsive

, 482

self-regulation

, 485

sensory integration theory

, 483

sensory modulation programmes

, 486

sensory profile

, 484–485

SPD and Afro Caribbean Community

, 486–487

SPD vs. social anxiety

, 484

strategies to trying

, 490–493

Sensory processing disorder (SPD)

, 482–484

and Afro Caribbean Community

, 486–487

behaviours indicating

, 487–488

explaining to young people, parents and teachers

, 488–490

indicators

, 487

Service delivery

, 109, 133, 179, 181, 184–186, 189–190, 270

Service User Assessment

, 450

Shadism

, 529

Shame

, 120, 555

Sharam

, 19, 498–502, 509, 511–514

Shared learning

, 450, 452

Shared testimony process

, 541

Shelf test

, 528

“Sit With Us” app

, 244

Skin colour

, 395

Slavery

, 498, 437, 520

alienation

, 442, 468–469

Social

anxiety

, 484

black children in social services care

, 400–401

construction

, 306

constructionism

, 382

determinants of health

, 112–113

and emotional development programs

, 198–199

exclusion

, 135

identity

, 463

justice

, 211

policy

, 151

Social gender, race, religion, ability, culture, class, ethnicity, spirituality, and sexuality (Social GRRACCESS)

, 301

Socio-cultural

concept

, 554

dichotomy

, 549

sociocultural/psychosocial model in education

, 5

South Asian families, belief systems within

, 500–501

Space or ability to control environment

, 79–80

Special Hospital Service Authority (SHSA)

, 43

Spirit

, 89, 302–304, 311

Spirit of Bermuda high seas program

, 197

Spiritual reflexivity

, 302–303

representation

, 304–305

Spiritual/supernatural forces

, 450

Spirituality

, 303, 307

embodied spirituality within mental health journey

, 311–312

significance for black mental health professionals and service users

, 299–302

in systemic family therapy in communities

, 526–527

Stafford Hospital

, 149–150

Staff–student relations

, 100

“Start-UP USA” projects

, 275

Stereotyping

, 181

Stigma

, 8, 14, 110, 120, 135, 563–564

Strategic

landscape

, 162–164

therapists

, 528

Street 2 Boardroom program

, 169

Streets

, 250, 252

Strengths-based approaches

, 147

Stressors

, 248–250

Subjectification

, 79, 180

Supervision process

, 549, 557

Supervisory relationships

breakdown

, 89

shift in

, 96–97

Supervisory tool

, 554

Support A Nation (SAN)

, 524

Supported employment

, 272–273

Systematic failure

, 447

Systemic family therapy

, 519

airport experience

, 524–525

attachment

, 535–536

class structure

, 520–521

community tasks

, 536–537

curiosity

, 533

Dominican Republic

, 521

expanding psycho-educative approach

, 531–533

eye contact and safe touch

, 534–535

family therapy in context of community

, 527–531

Haiti

, 521

Haitian family life

, 525–526

history of Caribbean

, 520

incorporating spirituality in systemic family therapy in communities

, 526–527

intervention

, 533

managing challenging teenagers

, 537–538

Mental Health Services

, 523–524

mission as vehicle for delivering family therapy within community

, 524

pastors as counsellors and translators

, 541–544

political unrest

, 521–523

thematic overview of work

, 535

Vignettes

, 538–539

working with families in Dominican Republic

, 539–541

working with fathers

, 526

Systemic psychotherapy

, 500, 513

Systemic racism

, 48–49

big, bad and dangerous

, 42–43

colonisation

, 49–50

explanations

, 51–52

inertia following inquires

, 43–46

over-representation in mental Ill health and custody

, 39–41

post-colonial theory

, 50

reasons for over representation

, 41–42

Systemic thinking

, 48

Take care of self/take care of others

, 258

Talking therapy

, 4

Targeted Intervention in Education

, 283–294

Targeted therapy services and training, need for

, 183–187

Teacher Emotional Literacy Scale (TELS)

, 205

Teachers/teaching

, 531

empathy program

, 14, 199–200, 205

explaining SPD to

, 488–490

teacher–student relationships

, 200

TELS score

, 229–231

Terminology

, 452

medical

, 120

person-centred

, 146

protective factors

, 257

‘Puwars’

, 92

impact of race and ethnicity

, 160–161

Terrorism

, 461, 463

Terrorist radicalisation

Carlos Bledsoe case study

, 467–468

identity

, 462–463

potential explanations for terrorist inclinations of Reid and Bledsoe

, 468–474

radicalisation

, 463–464

Richard Reid case study

, 464–467

Western notions of terrorism

, 461–462

Theories of mental illness

, 462

Therapists’ own racial identity status

, 383–384

Trans-Atlantic slave trade

, 437, 520 (see also Slavery)

Transcultural supervision

, 550, 554

Transformative practice, creating environment for

, 308–311

Transgenerational healing

, 519

Transgenerational trauma

, 7, 527–531

Transnational minority ethnic communities

, 422

Transracial adoption

, 17, 395

changes in law and political backtracking

, 396–400

looked after black children in social services care

, 400–401

mental health of looked after children in UK

, 401–409

skin colour difference in

, 395–396

Trauma

, 5, 73, 247, 257, 323, 529, 537, 551, 557, 559

childhood and adulthood

, 446

effects of

, 19

forms

, 194

institutional

, 253

racial and cultural

, 6–8

urban

, 250

Treatment-oriented approach

, 256

Trust, lack of

, 253

UK Psychiatric System

analysis

, 345–346

being or becoming Ill

, 336

Black Men in

, 334

loss experiences

, 339–340

persecutory framework development

, 340–341

persecutory system

, 336–339

recurrent and repeated themes

, 334–335

wilderness

, 341–344

UK social policy and modern mental health services development

asylums to community care

, 146–147

categories of abuse

, 155–156

debating poor outcomes

, 148

one in four

, 148–149

receiving care

, 150–152

safeguarding

, 154–155

staffing NHS

, 147–148

Stafford Hospital

, 149–150

staying involving

, 153–154

working with mental health act–responsibilities and rights for relatives

, 152–153

Unconscious perpetrators

, 94

Underachievement

, 352

Unintentional racism

, 382

United Kingdom (UK)

, 445

mental health of looked after children in

, 401–409

minority ethnic and migrant communities in

, 420–421

school system

, 284

United Nations (UN)

, 139

United States, minority ethnic and migrant communities and dementia in

, 418–419

Urban black youth

, 254

Urban trauma

, 250

US Department of Labor

, 275

Vascular dementia

, 413

Video-recorded Goal Decision System

, 305

Violence

, 250, 474

Vocational rehabilitation services (VR services)

, 268

program

, 268–269

recommendations

, 272

self-employment

, 273–277

services for African American with mental health diagnoses

, 269–272

Voluntary and community sector

, 164–165

Vulnerable population/groups

, 5, 42, 101, 119, 145, 151, 155, 160, 164, 252, 285, 319–320, 323, 326, 527, 544

Wahhabi-ism

, 469

Wellness

, 3, 5, 66, 122, 124, 261

West Indian Psychosis

, 136

West Indies

, 497

Western notions of terrorism

, 461–462

White British–black Caribbean achievement

, 352

White Eurocentric models of health care

, 8

White racial identity status

, 372–374, 391–392

White therapists

, 8

Whiteness

, 372

Wilderness

, 341–344

Windrush Generation

, 369

Women of colour

in academy

, 61

in critical studies

, 65

Work-related stress

, 60

Workforce Race Equality Scheme (WRES)

, 564

Workplace racism

, 557

World Health Organization (WHO)

, 454

Young people

, 159, 162, 165–166, 201

commissioning services

, 164

explaining SPD to

, 488–490

lack of data

, 161–162

policy and strategic landscape

, 162–164

impact of race and ethnicity terminology

, 160–161

voluntary and community sector

, 164–165

Youth culture

, 211

Youth Information Advice and Counselling Service (YIACS)

, 159–160, 165

Zazi

, 167–168