Active bystander

, 96–98, 104

Adjudication

, 85, 171–172

Alcohol

, 10, 15, 154, 158

consumption

, 16, 17

potential impacts

, 18

Anonymous report

, 64, 126

Appeal

, 7, 84, 164, 178–180

Backlash

, 81, 102, 185

Balance of probabilities

, 49, 69, 86, 135, 164, 170

Barriers to disclosure

, 110–118

Believe

, 120–121, 123–124, 186

rape myths

, 94, 137, 138

societal misconceptions

, 15

Burden of proof

, 168

Burn-out

, 59, 132

Campaigning

, 89, 101–103

Campus climate survey

, 13, 20, 55, 66, 67

Capacity

, 76, 119, 157, 158, 159

Case management

, 59, 60, 175

Civil standard of proof

, 11, 12, 86, 170, 172

Clark, Annie

, 133

Consent

, 99, 102

age

, 119

defence

, 155–157

defined

, 75–76

investigation flowchart

, 156

sexual activity

, 94, 159

Consent education

, 25, 94–97

Credibility

, 100, 149, 160–162

Criminal justice

, 6, 32, 72, 135, 174

Date rape drugs

, 145

Defence

consent

, 99, 155–157

denial

, 155

identity

, 154

Disability

, 23, 48, 119

Discipline

, 13, 38, 170, 178

decision-maker

, 121, 171, 177

stages

, 169–170

Disclosure Recording Form

, 128–132

Disclosure response

, 99, 118–128, 132, 133

Disclosures

, 76

awareness raising and responding

, 98–99

barriers

, 110–118

sexual violence

, 3, 7, 67, 109–134

Evidence

, 105

collection

, 150–152

preponderance

, 86

sexual assault

, 21

sexual violence

, 11, 109

Facilitation

, 103, 105–108

False allegation

, 106, 107, 123–124

Freedom

, 76, 156, 158, 159

Further education (FE)

, 4, 109

Gender-based violence

, 5, 34, 36, 72, 102

General Data Protection Regulation

, 50

Governance

, 67–68, 70, 160

Harassment

, 155

sexual

, 13, 22, 28, 49, 56

verbal/non-verbal

, 10

Higher education (HE)

, 98, 167

commonalities

, 18–26

perpetration

, 13–18

prevalence

, 10–13

sexual violence

, 27–38

Human rights-based

, 43, 46–47, 71, 181

Impact

, 4

alcohol

, 18

Reporting Party

, 73

sexual violence

, 30–35

trauma

, 143

victim

, 6

Independent Sexual Violence Advisors

, 85–86, 125

Interim measures

, 45, 78

Intersectionality

, 47, 48, 93

Interview techniques

, 157–159

Investigation

, 23, 75, 81

adjudication procedure

, 85

integrity

, 163–165

outcome

, 163

resources

, 60–64

training

, 99–100

trauma-informed

, 135–148

Investigation model

, 149–150

Investigator

, 25, 60, 64, 99, 157, 160

effective

, 136–139

trauma-informed

, 147–148

Kelly, Liz

, 30

Language (terminology)

, 5, 49, 72, 168, 171

Leadership

, 4, 10, 96, 110, 181

LGBT+

, 113, 114, 115

MacKinnon, Catherine

, 22

Mitigation

, 51, 154

Mott, Helen

, 96

No Contact Agreement

, 83

No Contact Arrangement

, 82, 84

No Contact Order

, 50, 83, 175, 176

Office for Students (OfS)

, 35, 50, 58, 86

Office of Independent Adjudicator (OIA)

, 50, 73, 85

Online training

, 90–92

Partnership working

, 65–67

Peer facilitation

, 103

Peer support

, 45, 66

Perpetration

characteristics

, 14

reducing risks

, 105

risk factors

, 14, 69

Perpetrator

, 14, 17, 121

sexual violence

, 28

victimisation

, 6

victim-survivor

, 29

Perpetrator accountability

, 43, 48–50, 135

Pino, Andrea

, 133

Police

, 4, 65, 109, 129

formal report

, 126

investigation

, 79, 84

Policy

, 16, 19, 23

communication

, 87–88

outline

, 70–79

scope

, 77–78

Post-traumatic stress disorder

, 31, 122, 147

Precautionary measures

, 78, 81–84, 163, 177

Prevalence data

, 13, 55, 67

Prevalence rates

, 12, 26, 93

Procedure

, 69–88, 167–169

Rape crisis

, 65, 80, 99

Rape culture

, 14, 16, 95, 98, 184

Rape myth acceptance (RMA)

, 15, 98, 138

Rape myths

, 93, 94, 137, 139, 182

Report

, 7, 24, 50, 79, 162

police

, 11, 80

sexual violence

, 11, 18, 25, 147

Reporting options

, 79, 126, 127

Reporting Party

, 6, 7, 73, 76, 170-171

Report writing

, 161–163

Resourcing

, 59, 60, 64, 136

Restorative justice

, 101, 173, 174

Retaliation

, 75

Risk

, 103–105

assessment

, 80–81

perpetration

, 14

sexual assault

, 21

sexual violence

, 10, 36–37

suicide

, 32

victimisation

, 13, 17

Risk factors

, 14, 15, 69, 95, 100

Risks of perpetration

, 14, 95, 105, 121

Safeguarding

, 51–54, 118, 126, 169

Sanctioning guidelines

, 167, 175–178

Sanctions

, 67, 83, 172–175

guidelines

, 175–178

perpetrators

, 49

Sector guidance

, 35–36, 50–51

Self-care

, 110, 130, 186

Self-defence

, 104

Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARCs)

, 65, 78, 125

Sexual misconduct

, 11, 73, 135, 184, 185

Sexual violence

, 5, 51, 104, 167, 182

disclosures

, 109–134

higher education (HE)

, 3, 9–26

Higher education institutions (HEIs)

, 27–38

policy and procedure

, 69–88

prevalence

, 55

trauma

, 45

Social justice-based

, 43, 47, 71

Staffing

, 58–64, 67, 136

Staff sexual misconduct

, 184, 185

Standard of proof

, 11, 86–87, 171, 172

Students unions

, 33, 66

Substance use

, 76, 157, 159

Supports

, 6, 12, 45, 71, 129–132

administrative

, 64

emotional

, 64

options

, 78–79

Survivor-centred

, 24, 43, 46–47, 181

Suspension

, 84, 176

Tonic immobility

, 144

Towl, Graham

, 4, 11, 20

Training

, 7, 24, 64

key elements

, 92–94

options

, 90–92

staff

, 98–101

Trauma

, 162, 184

definitions

, 44

neurobiology

, 100, 141

potential impacts

, 23

response

, 143–148

Trauma-informed

, 44–46

investigations

, 135–165

UK Criminal Justice System (CJS)

, 4

Universities UK (UUK)

, 18, 20, 59

UUK. See Universities UK (UUK)

Vera-Gray, Fiona

, 30

Vicarious trauma

, 130, 131

Victim-blaming

, 18, 94, 104, 146, 158

Victim-survivor

, 5, 10, 11, 48, 110, 122

physical and emotional safety

, 45

sexual violence

, 30–35

Walker, Tammi

, 9, 11, 18, 20

Witness/es

, 6, 152–153, 161, 170

character

, 153

indirect

, 153