A Dozen Big Brothers

, 195

A&E Network

, 21

Aarne-Thompson system

, 111

Actual play (AP)

, 140–142

Adaptation

, 125–126

Adventuring Party

, 142, 146

Age masculinity

, 11–12

Ageism

, 124, 126–127

Aladdin (1992)

, 13, 20–22, 64

Aladdin (1999)

, 124

Alice (2009)

, 124, 129, 131

Alice in Wonderland (1951)

, 124, 129, 131

Alice in Wonderland (2010)

, 26, 156–157, 163, 231–232

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865)

, 125–128, 204–205

Ambiguity

, 111

American Broadcasting Company (ABC)

, 21

American Horror Story

, 112, 114, 116

Ang Kuya Kong Zombie (My Big Brother Zombie)

, 192

Ang Misteryo ng Patong-Patong na Damit ni Hulyan

, 192

Angel (1999–2004)

, 78

Art Deco

, 52–53

Art Nouveau

, 52–53

Autonomy

, 40

Avengers, The

, 20–21

Baran bo Odar

, 102, 202

Bardic Inspiration ability

, 149

Beauty and the Beast (1991)

, 64

Beauty and the Beast (1997)

, 93, 124

Big brother

, 188

Binary gender

, 52

Black masculinity

, 11–12

Blood and Wine DLC

, 95–96

Blue Beard

, 111

analysis and findings

, 114–119

behaviour

, 113, 117

character traits

, 112, 115–116

cultural and societal context

, 113–114, 118–119

methodology and framework

, 112–114

motivations

, 112–113, 117

Paul Spector and Kain Anderson

, 114–115

thematic elements

, 113, 118

Brave

, 88

Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003)

, 78

Camp Rock

, 20–21

Captain Hook

, 217

Carnival Row

, 166

traditional gender and racial stereotypes in fairy tales

, 167–173

Cars (2006–2017)

, 22–23, 64

Character evolution

, 113–114

Chi-square test

, 28

Children’s stories

, 9

Cinderella (2015)

, 20–21, 65, 92, 166, 177–178

Classical echoes

, 206–210

Classical mythology

, 202

Clothing

, 56

Codebook

, 26

Coded language

, 56

Codes

, 56

Company of Wolves, The

, 77–78

Contemporary American ageism

, 126–127

Contemporary Character Transformation Theory

, 113–114

application

, 114

Contemporary characters

, 112

Contemporary storytelling

, 114

Content analysis

, 24–26

Cult

, 112

Cultural allusions

, 204–205

Cultural heritage

, 217

Cultural organisation

, 105–106

Dark

, 100, 202

as German Wundermärchen

, 100–104

protagonist as hero and villain

, 104–105

reflecting contemporary German masculinity and western cultural thinking

, 105–108

Dead Man’s Chest (2006)

, 160–162

Decadence

, 52–53

Dimension 20

, 139–140, 142

Discourse

, 223

Disney

, 20, 24, 64, 88

21st Century ‘Prince’

, 69–72

culture industry

, 65–66

filmography

, 64

films

, 9

films analysed with frequency of male characters

, 24–26

findings

, 27–32

frequency of characteristics

, 33

Hero Word Cloud

, 34

method

, 24–27

Not-So-Charming Prince

, 66–68

princesses

, 35–36

research questions

, 24

Sidekick Word Cloud

, 36

Villain Word Cloud

, 35

Disney Channel

, 21

Disney Princess Party

, 182

Disney+ streaming service

, 21

Dungeons and Dragons (D&D)

, 140

Ego

, 102–103

Ella Enchanted (2004)

, 177–178

Embodiment of non-hegemonic feminine standards

, 41

Emma Swan

, 224

Emotional restraint

, 40

Encanto

, 88

Escapism

, 217

ESPN Inc.

, 21

Ever After

, 182

Evil witch identity

, 10

Fabulous godmother

, 180–182

Fairies

, 178–180

Fairy god-figures and apprentice

, 182–183

Fairy godmother

, 177–178

Fairy Tale, The

, 110–111

Fairy tales

, 20, 52, 64, 76, 88, 96–97, 110, 166, 178, 216

analysis

, 52–61

characters

, 1–2, 111

narratives

, 42

traditional gender and racial stereotypes in

, 167–173

Fall, The

, 112, 114, 119

Fashion

, 157

Fathering

, 178–180

Female characters

, 40–41

Female witch

, 8, 11

Feminine traits

, 34

Femininity

, 31–32, 34, 76

Feminised masculinity

, 55

Feminist identity

, 80

Feminist Quest Heroine

contemporary fairy tale narratives and deconstruction of gender through

, 42–48

traditional fairy tale narrative and construction of gender through heroism

, 40–41

Fiction

, 8

portrayals of witch identity in

, 8–10

Film

, 8

portrayals of witch identity in

, 8–10

Fixer Upper

, 44

Folklore

, 76, 110–111

Folklorists

, 76

Folktales

, 76

Forensic fandom

, 204–205

Frame analysis

, 141

Frog Prince, The

, 57–58

Frozen (2013)

, 42, 65–66, 88, 216, 231–232

Frozen II

, 65–66

Futurity

, 96–97

Game master (GM)

, 140

Gay masculinity

, 11–12

Gender

, 8, 20, 76, 189

construction through heroism

, 40–41

politics

, 65–66

Gender ambiguity

, 53

Gender and Female Villains in 21st Century Fairy Tale Narratives: From Evil Queens to Wicked Witches

, 231

Germany

, 103–104

Gesture

, 56

Girl Meets World

, 20–21

Gothic masculinity

, 202–204

Grimm (2011–2017)

, 76, 78–79, 81–82, 84

Grimm brothers

, 20

Handsome Heroes and Vile Villains

, 64

Hansel and Gretel

, 92

Harry Potter book series

, 13–14

Hatter

, 156

Hegemonic masculinity

, 11, 40

Hegemony

, 107–108

Heimat (1984–2013)

, 103

Hercules (1997)

, 64

Hercules

, 22

Hero as archetype

, 80–81

Heroic acts

, 162

Heroism

, 40–41, 43

Hetero-normative identity

, 54

Heteronormative temporality

, 41

modification in Frozen and Maleficent

, 44–46

Heteronormativity

, 40

Himbo

, 125

Histoires ou Contes du Temps Passe

, 147

History Channel

, 21

Homosexuality

, 53

Honest Woodcutter and Hermes

, 89–90

Horror

, 9

Hunchback of Notre Dame, The (1996)

, 64

Huntsman

, 88–90

Hybrid masculinity

, 12, 23

Identification

, 126–127

Illustration

, 52

Image

, 53

Inclusive masculinity

, 12

Incredibles, The (2004)

, 23, 64, 2018

Independence

, 40

Intercoder reliability

, 26–27

Jack Sparrow

, 156, 157

Jantje Friese

, 100–101, 202

Jenkin’s media theory

, 140–141

Kaleidoscopic effect

, 106

Kinder-und Hausmärchen (KHM)

, 166–167

Kuya

, 188

child’s values, intentions and skills vis-à-vis

, 192–195

intentions, ambitions and aspirations

, 193–194

knowledge and skills

, 194–195

male figure as genesis

, 195–198

in selected Filipino storybooks

, 191–192

siblinghood in storybooks and subordinate storylines

, 189–191

Last Wish, The

, 91–94

Le Petit Chaperon Rouge (1697)

, 77

Leadership qualities

, 40

Lewis Carroll

, 125–126

LGBT+ people

, 179

Liberal minds

, 53

Lifetime Entertainment

, 21

Lilo

, 28–30

Lion King, The (1994)

, 31–32, 64

Little Klaus

, 60

Little Mermaid, The

, 65, 88, 92

Little Red Cap

, 77

Little Red Riding Hood

, 76, 88

morality(ies)

, 76

Little Red’s Band

, 95

Looking Glass Masculinity Matrix

, 217, 221–222

encounter with male characters

, 225–226

findings

, 223–227

methodology

, 220–223

redemption

, 227

romance with Emma Swan

, 226–227

Mad Hatter

, 127–128

Alice (2009)

, 129–131

Alice in Wonderland (1951)

, 129–131

Carroll to Disney

, 127–129

contemporary American ageism

, 126–127

Once Upon a Time (2011–2018)

, 131–132

Madness

, 156

Magic

, 100–101

Magician

, 13

Making Things Perfectly Queer

, 56

Male archetype

, 225

Male characters

, 64, 76, 189, 231–232

Male figure as genesis

, 195–198

Male identity tags

, 8

Male witch

, 8

in Disney films and fan fiction

, 12–14

Maleficent (2014)

, 42, 46, 48

Manhood

, 156

Marketing

, 20–21

Mary Poppins

, 20–21

Masculine identity

, 52

Masculine qualities

, 162

Masculine superiority

, 40

Masculinity

, 2, 23, 30, 64, 76, 100, 119, 181, 223

stereotyping

, 10–11

Merlin (BBC series)

, 8

Methodology

, 112–114

Misogyny

, 11

Modern folklore scholarship

, 77

Modern Prometheus, The

, 206

Mosaic masculinity

, 12

Mother Goose

, 148–150

Mothering

, 179

Mulan (1998)

, 64

My Big Brother Zombie

, 195

Narratives

, 20–22, 189

Nautical Gothic

, 203

Negative ageism

, 124

Neighbourhood witch

, 10

Netflix

, 88, 100, 202

classical echoes

, 206–210

cultural allusions and forensic fandom

, 204–205

Gothic masculinity

, 202–204

Neverafter

, 139–140, 142, 145

Book of Mother Goose

, 148–150

Mother Timothy Goose

, 145–148

Nevermoor book series

, 13

Nicht-zu-hause-sein

, 203

Nobility

, 43

Non-hegemonic femininity

, 41

Non-player characters (NPCs)

, 140

Nowhere Boys (Australian teen TV drama)

, 8

Objectification

, 126–127

theory

, 59, 126

Occulture

, 100–101

Oliver and Company

, 30

Once Upon a Time (OUAT)

, 131–132, 183, 217, 223–224

Parenting

, 179

Paternal figure

, 81–83

Paul Spector

, 112

Philippine children’s literature

, 189

Pilot Episode: Little Red Riding Hood (Buckland)

, 76, 2011

Pirates of the Caribbean (2003)

, 163

Pirates of the Caribbean (2003)

, 231–232

Pixar

, 22–24, 26

Player characters (PCs)

, 140

Popular culture

, 10

POSE (2018–2021)

, 179, 181

Positive ageism

, 124

Post-feminist masculinity

, 42

in Frozen

, 42–44

Post-feminist narratives

, 43

Power dynamics

, 119

Prejudicial age stereotyping

, 10

Prejudicial ageism

, 9

Prince Charming

, 65–67

Princess and the Frog, The (Director)

, 13, 2009

Progressive masculinity

, 11

Prometheus

, 208

Protagonist

, 118

Protective instincts

, 40

Psychoanalytic interpretations

, 77

Public humiliation

, 43

Queer

, 53

fairy tale

, 53

identity

, 54

male identity

, 58

representation and terminology

, 54

‘Queer British Art from 1861–1967’

, 60

Queer Eye

, 179

Racial Othering

, 169–170

Racism

, 169

Ratatouille

, 22

Red Fairy Book of 1890s, The

, 90

Red Riding Hood (Hardwicke)

, 76, 2011

Feeding Wolf Trope

, 83–84

hero as archetype

, 80–81

narrative

, 79

paternal figure

, 81–83

representing male in

, 79–80

texts

, 78–79

Reimagining

, 146

Retelling

, 205–206

Rottkäppchen (1812)

, 77

Royal Navy Ships

, 160–161

Rulebooks

, 140

RuPaul’s Drag Race (2009–present)

, 179

Russian folktales

, 76

Sandosenang Kuya (A Dozen Big Brothers)

, 191–192

Science fiction

, 206

Seven Dwarfs

, 65

Sexism

, 11

Shrek 2 (2004)

, 177–178

Sibling relationships

, 188–189

Siblinghood in storybooks

, 189–191

Signifiers

, 56

Sisterhood and dethronement of patriarchal power in Maleficent

, 46–48

Sleeping Beauty (1959)

, 42, 45–46, 65–67, 166

Snow Queen, The

, 58

Snow White (1937)

, 66–67

Snow White and the Huntsman

, 88, 90

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)

, 26, 30, 88–90, 166, 217

Social temporality

, 56

Sorcerer

, 13

Speciesism

, 169

Spies in Disguise (2019)

, 31

Spiritual masculinity

, 11

Star Wars

, 20–21, 64

Stereotypes

, 8, 124–125

of witch

, 10

Stereotypical portrayals

, 23

Stereotyping masculinity

, 10–11

Sticky masculinity

, 12

Stitch

, 28–30

Stories

, 88

Storybooks

, 189–190

Storytelling

, 22

Strange World (2022)

, 26, 30–31

Stranger Things (2016–2024)

, 100

Subordinate storylines

, 189–191

Sword in the Stone (1963)

, 14

Symbolic violence

, 8

Symbolism

, 56

Tabletop ‘pen and paper’ role-play games (TTRPGs)

, 139–140

and actual play

, 140–142

Tabletop role-playing games

, 231

Tangled

, 22

Tarrant Hightopp

, 156

Tarzan (1999)

, 64

Third sex

, 54

Time-travel

, 100

Tool

, 166

Toxic masculinity

, 10–11

alternatives to

, 11–12

Toxic masculinity

, 35–36

Toy Story (1995–2019)

, 23, 64

Traditional fairy tale narrative

, 40–41

Transformation

, 160

Transmasc

, 145–146

Trauma

, 100

Trickster

, 128

Tropes

, 91–92

fairy tales and futurity

, 96–97

Grin and Grimace

, 89–91

Mayhem, Madness, and Maniacs

, 92–94

Vexing Vixens and video games

, 94–96

True love

, 45

Twilight film series

, 79, 83–84

Untraditional behaviour

, 163

Up (2009)

, 22, 124

Victorian fictional characters

, 77–78

Video Games

, 94–96

Village witch

, 10

Villain

, 41

Villainy

, 218

Violence

, 8

Violence

, 11

Visual codes

, 57

Vladimir Propp

, 217

Voodoo Witchdoctor

, 13

Wall-E

, 22

Ways of Being Male

, 64

Western fairy tales

, 166–167

White masculinity

, 2

Widows Son, The

, 59

Witch

, 8

alternatives to toxic masculinity

, 11–12

male witch in Disney films and fan fiction

, 12–14

portrayals of witch identity in film and fiction

, 8–10

stereotype of

, 10

stereotyping masculinity

, 10–11

third way of performing witch-masculinities

, 15

Witch identity

, 8

portrayals of witch identity in film and fiction

, 8–10

Witcher

, 88

Witcher, The series

, 3

Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, The

, 90, 95

Wizard

, 13

Wizards of Waverly Place

, 20–21

Woodcutter (see Huntsman)

Wundersmith

, 13

Young American and Marine Tales, The

, 93