Prelims

Half Title Page

Technology-Enhanced Healthcare Education

Series Page

EMERALD STUDIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION, INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY

Series Editors: Miltiades D. Lytras and Anna Visvizi

Emerald Studies in Higher Education, Innovation and Technology seeks to provide a multifaceted and interdisciplinary approach to these interconnected topics and invites proposals from all scholars working in these fields. The underlying purpose of this series is to demonstrate how innovations in education, educational technology and teaching can advance research and practice and help us respond to socio-economic changes and challenges.

The series has a broad scope, covering many topics, including but not limited to: learning analytics, open and distributed learning, technology-enhanced learning, digital pedagogies, data mining, virtual and augmented realities, cloud computing, social media, educational robotics, flipped classrooms, active learning, innovation networks and many more.

Interested in publishing in this series? Please contact Miltiades D. Lytras and Anna Visvizi, mlytras@acg.edu and avisvizi@acg.edu.

Published books:

• The Future of Innovation and Technology in Education: Policies and Practices for Teaching and Learning Excellence (2018)

  Anna Visvizi, Miltiadis D. Lytras and Linda Daniela

• Management and Administration of Higher Education Institutions at Times of Change (2019)

  Anna Visvizi, Miltiadis D. Lytras and Akila Sarirete

• Technology-enhanced Learning and Linguistic Diversity: Strategies and Approaches to Teaching Students in a 2nd or 3rd Language (2020)

  Patrick-André Mather

• Effective Leadership for Overcoming ICT Challenges in Higher Education: What Faculty, Staff and Administrators Can Do to Thrive Amidst the Chaos (2021)

  Antonella Carbonaro and Jennifer Moss Breen

• Teaching the EU: Fostering Knowledge and Understanding in the Brexit Age (2021)

  Anna Visvizi, Mark Field and Marta Pachocka

Title Page

Technology-Enhanced Healthcare Education: Transformative Learning for Patient-centric Health

EDITED BY

CRISTINA VAZ DE ALMEIDA

President of Portuguese Health Literacy Society (SPLS), Portugal

And

MILTIADIS D. LYTRAS

Effat College of Engineering, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

Emerald Publishing, Floor 5, Northspring, 21-23 Wellington Street, Leeds LS1 4DL.

First edition 2024

Editorial matter and selection © 2024 Cristina Vaz de Almeida and Miltiadis D. Lytras.

Individual chapters © 2024 the authors.

Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.

Reprints and permissions service

Contact: www.copyright.com

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters’ suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-83753-599-6 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-83753-598-9 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-83753-600-9 (Epub)

Contents

List of Figures and Tables

List of Charts

About the Editors

Cristina Vaz de Almeida has PhD in Communication Sciences – Health Literacy (ISCSP), President of the Portuguese Society of Health Literacy (SPLS), Researcher ISCSP – CAPP, Director of the Post-Graduation in Health Literacy (ISPA), Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Medical Research (JIM), Postgraduated in Marketing and in Positive Psychology (ISCSP). Author of books, chapters, and articles in various scientific and technical publications. Also Lecturer and one of the greatest references of Health Literacy in Portugal.

Miltiadis D. Lytras is a Visiting Researcher at Effat University. He is a world-class expert in the fields of cognitive computing, information systems, technology-enabled innovation, social networks, computers in human behaviour, and knowledge management. He is an Expert in Advanced Computer Science and Management, Editor, Lecturer, and Research Consultant, with extensive experience in academia and the business sector in Europe and Asia. He served as the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal in Semantic Web and Information Systems. He has co-edited more than 110 high-impact factor special issues in ISI/Scopus-indexed journals and Co-edited/Authored more than 80 books in international publishers including Elsevier, Emerald, IGI-Global, Springer, etc.

About the Contributors

Sérgio Filipe Silva Abrunheiro is a Specialist Rehabilitation Nurse at the Neurology Service of the Coimbra Hospital and University Center, having started working as a Nurse in 2009. He has been a Member of the Quality and Patient Safety Office since 2022, in the area of Risk Management. He is also a Member of the Health Literacy Group of the Coimbra Hospital and University Center since 2019. He has been a Master in Elderly and Geriatric Health Nursing since 2014 and a Postgraduate in Health Services Management since 2020. He has several published articles in the area of the elderly and health literacy. He collaborated for several years with the Nursing School of Coimbra in teaching classes in the area of Geriatrics. He is a Founding Member of the Portuguese Society for Health Literacy and Secretary of the General Assembly.

Sarah Abdulrahman Alajlan is PharmD, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Basim S. Alsaywid, Saudi Board of Urology, Pediatric Urology Fellowship (Sydney Children Hospital Network), Master of Medicine (Clinical Epidemiology), Master of Health Profession Education. Pediatric Urologist (Reconstructive), Pediatric Urology Section, Urology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Director, Education and Research Skills Directory, Saudi National Institute of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Berta Maria Jesus Augusto, Nurse Manager at the Neurology Service of the Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Specialist in Rehabilitation Nursing, Postgraduate in Health Services Management, Postgraduate in Nursing in Multiple Sclerosis, Nurse in the Regional Coordinating Team of Continuous Care Integrated in the Regional Health Administration of the Center, Coordinator of the institutional literacy group for the safety of nursing health care, and Founding member of the Portuguese Society for Health Literacy, being Vice-Chairman of the General Assembly Board. Participated in several publications and events in the field of continuing care, nursing, and health literacy. Collaborates with the Nursing School of Coimbra, in the postgraduate course in clinical teaching.

José Branco is Medical Doctor at Federal University of Maranhão. Master of Business Administration in Healthcare Executive from Fundação Getúlio Vargas. Specialist in Quality and Patient Safety from Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Patient Safety Executive from Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Founder of the Brazilian Institute for Patient Safety (IBSP). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1489-0767

Ana Matilde Cabral is Nurse Responsible for outpatient service at Hospital Beatriz Ângelo. Nurse Specialist in Rehabilitation Nursing. Postgraduation Course in Multiple Sclerosis Nursing. Postgraduation Course in Health Management. Collaboration with Adjunct of the National Program for Diabetes 2016/2017. Participation in the international project ‘Diabetes Conversations’ as an Expert Trainer in Portugal from 2007 to 2018. Participation, as co-author, in the project ‘Pathways of Multiple Sclerosis – Looking, Thinking and Acting in Multiple Sclerosis’ and is certified by the International Organization of Multiple Sclerosis Nurses (IOMSN) where four learning guides were enveloped to streamline education sessions in Group.

Ana Marinho Diniz obtained Master’s in Nursing with Medical and Surgical specialization. Degree in Educational Sciences. Health Risk Manager at the Patient Safety Office at the Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central. Co-coordinator of the Educational and Project Management Department of this office. Collaborates in postgraduate education and clinical supervision of students. Internal audit coordinator. Member of the Scientific Board of the Nursing Journal Enformação. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9762-9785

Carlos Manuel Santos Fernandes is Quality Manager of the Quality and Patient Safety Office of the Coimbra Hospital and University Center. Coordinator of the Clinical Indicators and Clinical Audits Area of the Quality and Patient Safety Office of the Coimbra Hospital and University Center. Specialist in Community Nursing. Postgraduate in Nursing Information Systems. Postgraduate in Nursing in Multiple Sclerosis. Postgraduate in Health Services Management. Member of the Institutional Group on Literacy for the Safety of Health Care at the Coimbra Hospital and University Center. Participated in several publications and events in the field of health literacy.

Isabel Maria Abreu Rodrigues Fragoeiro has PhD in Mental Health; Coordinating Professor of University of Madeira; President of Health Hight School; Researcher in Center for Research in Technologies and Health Services, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP); and in Laboratório Associado RISE; President of the Scientific Council of the Portuguese Society of Health Literacy; Coordinator of the Regional Observatory of Mental Health of Madeira.

Ana Rita Goes is PhD in Health Psychology and Master in Public Health. Assistant Professor at NOVA National School of Public Health. Her research focuses on health promotion, using the lens of sociobehavioral sciences. Areas of interest include understanding the health needs of vulnerable populations, health literacy, childhood obesity prevention, mental health, behaviour change, and community development, using participatory approaches and a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Her recent work includes the assessment of health literacy and organizational health literacy responsiveness and the co-creation of interventions for responsive systems.

Eduardo Manuel de Almeida Leite is an Assistant Professor at University of Madeira with a PhD in Management from University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. His research focuses on Entrepreneurship, and Management, and he has participated in European-funded projects, collaborating with experts in the field. He is dedicated to teaching courses in Management, Hotel Management, and Entrepreneurship, creating an engaging learning environment. Additionally, he is involved in transnational research networks, coordinates European scientific projects, and holds management positions at University of Madeira. Currently, Vice-President of the Higher School of Technologies and Management, he was an Entrepreneur and Student-Athlete, having been one of the pioneers among former professional soccer players to obtain the title of Doctor in Portugal.

Ana Miguel Ramos Leite is PhD candidate in Political Economy by the Faculty of Economics of the University of Coimbra, ISCTE & ISEG; Master’s degree in Public-Private Administration by the Faculty of Law of the University of Coimbra; and Bacherlor’s degree in Languages and Publishing Studies by the University of Aveiro.

Isabel Loureiro is Medical Doctor, Specialist in Public Health, Emeritus Professor of Public Health at NOVA University of Lisbon – National School of Public Health. Member of the National Team of the Program Healthy Neighborhoods. Previous President of the Scientific Council of the National School of Public Health, Vice-President of National Health Council, Director of the Department of Health Promotion & Prevention of the NCD at the National Institute of Health and National Coordinator of Health Promotion & Education at Ministry of Education.

Miltiadis D. Lytras is a Visiting Researcher at Effat University. He is a world-class expert in the fields of cognitive computing, information systems, technology-enabled innovation, social networks, computers in human behaviour, and knowledge management. He is an Expert in advanced Computer Science and Management, Editor, Lecturer, and Research Consultant, with extensive experience in academia and the business sector in Europe and Asia. He served as the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal in Semantic Web and Information Systems. He has co-edited more than 110 high-impact factor special issues in ISI/Scopus-indexed journals and Co-edited/Authored more than 80 books in international publishers including Elsevier, Emerald, IGI-Global, Springer, etc.

Andreia De Bem Machado has PhD in Engineering and Knowledge Management. Professor at the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina and Postdoctoral student at the Federal University of Santa Catarina. She is at the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (Ministry of Education of Brazil). She has been working in the educational field for over 25 years. Currently, her research interests are public policy and political science, innovation, and business management issues: Innovation, education, digital transformation, management, hybrid education, digital technologies, active methodology, knowledge media, entrepreneurship, and knowledge management. She is the Author of numerous articles and book chapters published in national and international journals.

Patricia Martins is Master and Specialist in Community Nursing at ARSLVT to perform functions in the Public Health Unit Arnaldo Sampaio of ACES Arco Ribeirinho. Postgraduate in Health Literacy. Advisor and Supervisor of Clinical Teaching of Specialization Courses and Master’s degree in Nursing. Author and Co-author of several publications and oral communications in the field of health literacy. Member of the Board of Directors of the Portuguese Association for the Promotion of Public Health (APPSP).

Dulce Nascimento Do Ó is graduated in Nurse, Specialist in Community Nursing, Master in Public Health, and PhD in Public Health-National School of Public Health (Nova University), with a thesis on Health Literacy and Diabetes. Nurse Coordinator of the Department of studies, projects, and clinical trials and Project Manager at APDP – Portuguese Diabetes Association. Coordinated and participated in national and international projects related with the prevention and treatment of diabetes or other NCDs, health education, health literacy, behaviours change, adherence, and participatory methods in planning, implementation, and evaluation. Co-coordinator of the Diabetes Education Study Group of SPD – Portuguese Diabetes Society.

Karina Pecora performed Bachelor’s in Nursing from Centro Universitário São Camilo. Postgraduate in Intensive Care at Centro Universitário São Camilo. Master of Business Administration in Healthcare Executive from Fundação Getúlio Vargas. Specialist in Quality and Patient Safety from Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Founder of the Brazilian Patient Safety Institute (IBSP). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7871-3321

Raul Marques Pereira is Specialist Physician, Graduate Assistant in General and Family Medicine at the Alto Minho Local Health Unit. He is also Master in Evidence and Decision in Health and Postgraduate in Senior Management of Health Institutions and in Pain Treatment. He is Executive Director of the P5 Digital Medicine Center and Guest Assistant at the School of Medicine of the University of Minho. Created and Coordinates the Chronic Pain Consultation of USF Lethes, the first Pain Consultation in Primary Health Care in Portugal. He founded and coordinates the Pain Study Group of the Portuguese Association of General and Family Medicine.

Susana Ramos obtained Master’s in Health Care Infection and Post-graduate in Patient Safety. Nurse Manager and Patient Safety Cordinator at the Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central. Vice-President of Portugal Health Literacy Society. Tutor in the International Course ‘Quality in Health and Patient Safety’ at the Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Co-author of articles and book chapters related to the areas of Risk Management, Patient Safety, Health Literacy, Infection Prevention and Control, Patient Advocacy, and Auditing. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-7955

João Filipe Raposo is Graduated in Medicine (1988) (Medical School of Lisbon University) and PhD in Medicine-Endocrinology (2004) – Nova Medical School (Nova University) with a thesis on Calcium Physiology Mathematical Models. Consultant of Endocrinology (since 2006) at the Portuguese Cancer Institute in Lisbon and at APDP – Portuguese Diabetes Association. Clinical Director of APDP – Diabetes Portugal (since 2008). Guest Professor at Nova Medical School - Public Health, Introduction to Medicine, Diabetology (2006). President of SPD – Portuguese Diabetes Society. Consultant of the World Health Organization for Diabetes and NCD’s.

Helena Belchior Rocha, PhD in Social Work, is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Political Science and Public Policy, Sub-Director of the Laboratory of Transversal Skills, and Integrated Researcher at CIES-ISCTE. She has been involved in national and international projects, including two Marie Curie projects, and is the Author of articles, book chapters, and communications in national and international scientific events in the areas of theory and methodology of social services, sustainability, community intervention, ethics, human rights, social policies and welfare, education, and soft skills. Member of the Editorial and Scientific Boards of national and international journals.

Diogo Franco Santos has Masters degree in Medicine at NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA University Lisbon (2010–2016); General Medical Training at Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central and Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde (ACeS) de Lisboa Central (2017). General and Family Medicine Specialty Training by Coordenação do Internato de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo – ACeS Lisboa Central, Unidade de Saúde Familiar do Arco (2018–). Postgraduate Student – ‘Literacia em Saúde na Prática – Modelos, Estratégias e Intervenção’, ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisbon (2021).

Ivone Fernandes Santos Silva, Angiologist and Vascular Surgeon, Associate Professor at Instituto de Ciência Abel Salazar Porto, Investigator in Cardiovascular Research Group – UMIB.

Maria José Sousa, ISCTE, Portugal University Professor, with a PhD in Management and a Research Fellow at ISCTE/IUL and CIEO (Algarve University). Currently, her research interests are public policies and political science, innovation, and business management issues. She is a Best Seller Author in ICT and People Management and has Co-authored over 70 articles and book chapters and published in several scientific journals (e.g. Journal of Business Research, UAIS, Future Generations Computer Systems, Journal of Medical Systems, International Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Change Management, Knowledge Management, WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, Information Systems Frontiers, etc.), she has organized and peer-reviewed international conferences. She is also External Expert of COST Association – European Cooperation in Science and Technology.

Cristina Valadas is Director of the Endocrinology Service at Hospital Beatriz Ângelo since its opening in 2012 until the present day. Director of the National Program for Diabetes 2016/2017. Diploma in Therapeutic Education of Chronic Patients from the University of Geneva (2008–2011). Faculty and Founder of the 1st Therapeutic Education Course in Chronic Disease Management; ISPA 2019. PADIS Course – Advanced Training in Leadership, Communication, and Innovation in Health – Lisbon October 2019, taught by AESE. Faculty in the Narrative Medicine Course (Therapeutic Education module) at the Portuguese Catholic University/in partnership with the Faculty of Medicine, Porto.

Preface

A new era of Digital Health has already emerged. Emerging and streamlined technologies challenge the entire lifecycle of health care. In this context, the classical agenda for the discussion of the phenomenon has been enriched with bold, delicate, and emerging topics.

Our book intends to communicate this transformation with an emphasis on health education and the capacity of technology to transform digitally the new generation of technology-enhanced healthcare education. Our basic ideas for the unique value proposition of our multidisciplinary edition are communicated in the next paragraphs.

From the beginning, we have to emphasize that in the centre of our approach and our analysis of the patient. We are very much interested in high-quality patient-centric health care with an emphasis on the utilization of health literacy and the composition of dynamic health and clinical services to move forward the vision of the digital transformation and value-based health care.

The arrival of technologies, such as artificial intelligence metaverse, cloud computing, and many others, strategists, policy-makers, physicians, health literacy experts, healthcare practitioners, computer scientists, psychologists, and social scientists provide a new sophisticated context for the design and implementation of socio-technical medical and clinical health services.

In parallel healthcare education institutions in their quest for a revised, updated, resilient, and robust strategy to reflect on these changes, need to deploy new methodological approaches, adopt innovative methods and vision, and the new generation of healthcare practitioners that will satisfy patients and all the other stakeholders.

In this volume, we bring forward various aspects of this resilient strategy for next-generation digital health and technology-enhanced healthcare delivery:

• Communication of lessons learned, case studies, and experiences from the implementation of digital health projects.

• Coverage of the digital transformation agenda for health education and health care.

• Designing of active and transformative learning strategies for healthcare education.

• Discussion of patient-centric challenges for healthcare education.

• Provision of a novel methodological approach to patient-centric health care.

• Strategizing the use of new technologies for enhanced quality of healthcare education.

• Utilization of health literacy for the delivery of high-quality health care and empowering health professionals, organizations, and communities.

Health research showed that satisfaction with patient centrality are golden rules that health and social organizations should have if they wish to qualitatively increase their services. In this context, the patient’s experience means that the humanization of care must be always present and also enhanced with a technological component that utilizes tools and services enabled by artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality, and services, such as telemedicine and teleconsultation.

The strategies for the development of services in the areas of health and health education are constantly integrating digital solutions that provide biological, psychological, emotional, individual, and social added value.

The domain of Health Education and Training represents a progressive scientific domain with developments in both knowledge creation and applied practices. It is also related to an interactive connection of health specialists to patients. This is exactly the context of our scientific and methodological contribution through the applied approach we deploy. The development of a volume that captures the latest developments:

• On active and transformative learning for Health Education and Training.

• On Medical Technologies (MedTech) tools that are integrated into the medical practice.

• On instructional design and technology-enhanced learning as an enabler of enhanced quality in Medical Training and Education.

• On policy-making related to the integration of Innovative methodological approaches to patient-centric health training.

The new challenges in Healthcare Education at postgraduate and undergraduate levels require new methodological approaches and transparent integration of active and transformative technology-enhanced learning approaches. From this perspective, our book promotes the best practices and lessons learnt from the current pandemic period and also sets the priorities for the post-COVID-19 eras.

The purpose of the publication is to deliver an innovative edition for health specialists, health literacy specialists, educators, higher education medical experts as well students from medical, nursing, psychological schools, and health management professionals, and to update their knowledge and skills and capabilities with a patient-centric-oriented approach to Health Education.

The volume contributes:

• To the theory and the body of knowledge of the domain of Health Education and Training with novel theoretical approaches and methodological propositions.

• To the practice and the best practices of instructional design of Healthcare Training and Education.

• To the applied knowledge of the domain with key contributions to the integration of academia, industry, and research.

• The edition serves a diverse audience including health specialists and educators in a variety of health sciences.

This edition involves a multidisciplinary team that shares a set of synergies aimed at improving the patient’s experience and their satisfaction within health organizations. Teamwork brings together professionals from the fields of engineering, communication sciences, biomedical, patient safety managers, doctors, and nurses.

The methods communicated in this book are based on quantitative and qualitative research, case study, participated and unattended observation, ethnographic studies, and methodologies that use techniques, such as qualitative content analysis, which aims to deepen the participants’ feelings, their perceptions and vision of the world and the experiences experienced at the individual and group levels.

This volume also promotes this unique value proposition mix:

• Communication Competences

• Digital Health

• Digital Transformation in Health Education

• Gamification and Health Areas

• Health Education Strategies

• Health Services and Health System

• The Paradigm Shift from the Biomedical Model to a Biopsychosocial Model where emotions work with reason/rational

• The patient experience in the Health System

We thank all the authors who contributed to this book, as well as the EMERALD editors.

May this book open the door to research, to the debate of cases and good practices so that researchers and all those interested in these subjects can improve their performance and knowledge.

Cristina Vaz de Almeida & Miltiades Lytras