Abiotic factors

, 32

Accessibility

, 251–252

ACO. See Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO)

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)

, 72

Adsorption

, 56–57, 60–62

elucidation of

, 56

isotherm parameters

, 56

kinetic parameters

, 56

misinterpretations of

, 56

multicomponent

, 60

nature-inspired optimisation and

, 57–60

single-component

, 60–61

Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) detection system

, 115

Advanced public transport management

, 86–87

AGI. See Artificial general intelligence (AGI)

Agriculture

, 11, 30, 198, 247–248, 251

climate-smart

, 37

environmental effect of

, 33–34

fertilizers in

, 36–37

irrigated

, 32

in Mauritius

, 201–203

precision

, 32–33, 159, 165

smart

, 162

sustainable

, 159, 251

AI. See Artificial intelligence (AI)

AlphaGo, Google

, 2

ANN. See Artificial neural network (ANN)

Anonymity

, 114

Ant colony

, 56–57

Ant Colony Molecular Simulation

, 58

Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO)

, 57–58

Apple Siriis

, 2

Artificial general intelligence (AGI)

, 2

Artificial intelligence (AI)

, 1, 5, 19, 34, 44, 70, 98, 172–173, 190, 192, 196, 212, 223, 234, 239, 241

accessibility

, 251–252

advantages of

, 4–5

in applied sustainability

, 9–10

automated and faster decision support

, 5

capabilities, classification of

, 2

in Chemical, Environmental and Energy Engineering (CEEE)

, 7–8

in civil engineering

, 8–9

colouration

, 262–266

complex problem solving

, 5

definition of

, 2–3

disaster response

, 251

electrical engineering

, 5–6

electronic engineering

, 5–6

enterprise development

, 9–10

equitable and ethical policymaking

, 253–254

error reduction and continuous enhancement

, 5

fabric manufacturing

, 260–262

finishing industry

, 262–266

functionalities, classification of

, 2–3

household plastic consumption

, 45, 49, 51

Internet of Energy (IoE) and

, 102–103

machine learning (ML)

, 3

in mechanical engineering

, 6–7

mobility

, 252

plastic waste

, 50

potential impacts of

, 248

poverty reduction

, 251

prediction capability and

, 237–238

for public welfare

, 252–253

social good

, 246

social issues

, 251–252

supply chain management (SCM)

, 236–238

supply chain optimisation problems

, 238

for sustainability

, 250–251

synergy

, 161–162

telecommunications engineering

, 5–6

textile manufacturing

, 258–262

threats

, 254

types of

, 2–3

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and

, 10–11

utilisation of

, 88–89

waste collection

, 251

waste management

, 49

in wastewater treatment

, 74–75

water quality and

, 72–73

water sector and

, 71–72

in water treatment

, 73–74

yarn manufacturing

, 259–260

Artificial neural network (ANN)

, 5–6, 10, 50, 83–84, 86, 198, 212, 223–224, 226–227, 260

applications of

, 71, 86–87

architecture

, 224

bamboo-based composites, durability of

, 225

bamboo-based structures, durability prediction of

, 228

bamboo-reinforced concrete beams, durability of

, 225–226

bee colony optimisation (BCO)

, 59

bus schedules, optimisation of

, 87

computer vision system with

, 261

corrosion models

, 212–213

efficiency of

, 212–213

energy disaggregation

, 102

expert systems and

, 35

model road network

, 89

natural bamboo, durability of

, 224–225

as prediction model

, 172–173

types of

, 224

Artificial super intelligence (ASI)

, 2

ASHRAE-55 standard

, 172–173

ASI. See Artificial super intelligence (ASI)

Assessment

, 8, 86, 88–89, 186, 189–190, 208, 223–224

Atmospheric aerosols

, 214

Atmospheric corrosion

, 208

Auditability

, 114

Augmentation

, 115

Authenticity

, 115

Automation

, 1–2, 6, 19, 88, 262

blockchain

, 115

for Industry 4.0

, 198–199

Internet of Energy (IoE)

, 98, 105–106

irrigation system

, 32–33

repetitive and hazardous task

, 4–5

robotic process automation (RPA)

, 198

robotics and

, 198–199, 202–203

self-operating systems and

, 110

Backpropagation training algorithm

, 213–214

Bamboo

, 227

composites, artificial neural network

, 225

in construction

, 222–223

durability, artificial neural network

, 224–225

durability, factors affecting

, 221–222

durability prediction, artificial neural network

, 228

mechanical properties of

, 222

reinforced concrete beams, artificial neural network

, 225–226

sustainable traits

, 220

Bamboo fibre composites (BFC)

, 225

Bamboo-wood composites (BWC)

, 225

Bard

, 235

Bayesian regularisation algorithm

, 102

BCO. See Bee Colony Optimisation (BCO)

Bee

, 57

Bee Colony Optimisation (BCO)

, 59

Big data

, 98

Bioclimatic design methodology

, 173–175

Biotechnology

, 33–34

Biotic factors

, 32, 221

Blockchain

, 165, 196–197

advantages

, 115

anonymity

, 114

auditability

, 114

characteristics of

, 114

decentralisation

, 114

Industry 4.0

, 110–112, 115, 117–118

Internet of Energy (IoE)

, 105

persistency

, 114

real-time systems

, 115–117

technology

, 112–115

time reduction

, 114

transactions

, 113

transparency

, 114

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs)

, 117–118

Blockchain ledger (BCL)

, 114

BREEAM

, 172

Building energy management systems (BEMS)

, 103–104

Case-based reasoning (CBR)

, 89

ChatGPT

, 235

Chi-square (x ²)

, 57–58

Circular economy (CE)

, 6, 9, 11, 49, 186–188, 200, 202–203

Circular homes concept/adaptation, Mauritius

, 188–192

artificial intelligence (AI)

, 190–192

energy dimension

, 188–189

materials dimension

, 189–190

water dimension

, 189

Civic Amenity Centres (CAC)

, 19

Climate change (CC)

, 6–8, 30, 32–33, 70–73, 90–91, 172, 175, 186, 209, 220, 250

adaptation and mitigation

, 184

circular economy (CE) and

, 187–188

complexities of

, 185

corrosion kinetics

, 208

impacts of

, 184–185

Internet of Energy (IoE)

, 98

Internet of Things (IoT)

, 158

Mauritius

, 202–203, 251

SDG 9

, 214–215

SDG 13

, 214, 220–221

Climate resilience

, 185

Co-design

, 187

Colouration

, 262–266

Comfort indices

, 147–148

adaptive model

, 147

Fanger’s PMV model

, 147–148

Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD)

, 148

Tropical Summer Index (TSI)

, 148

Community engagement

, 184–187, 190, 192

Competitiveness

, 158, 241–242

Computer vision

, 49

Conference of Parties (COPs)

, 184

Contaminants

, 56, 72, 74–75, 209

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs)

, 102, 224

Corrosion kinetics

, 208

Corrosion phenomena. See also Corrosion prediction

, 207–208

atmospheric

, 208

gaseous pollutants

, 209–210

marine aerosols

, 208–209

relative humidity (RH)

, 208

Corrosion prediction

conventional methods of

, 210–212

machine learning techniques in

, 212–214

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs)

, 214–215

COVID-19 pandemic

, 110, 196–197, 234

Crop yields

, 30

Curtain control

, 177

Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS)

, 111

Cyber-physical systems (CPS)

, 111

Cybersecurity

, 103, 110, 201

Data loggers

, 73

Data mining (DM)

, 89–90

Decentralisation

, 111, 114

Decision trees (DTs)

, 46–47

Deep blockchain framework (DBF)

, 110–111

Deep Blue system, IBM

, 2

DeepFakes

, 254

Deep learning (DL)

, 3

Deep transfer learning (DTL)

, 115

Democracy

, 246–247

Device to Device (D2D) transmission

, 101

Digitalisation

, 201

Digital supply chains (SCs)

, 238, 240

Digital transfer textile printing (DTTP)

, 266

Digital transformation

, 236

Disaster response

, 251

‘Dose-response’ equations

, 211

Drainage

, 34–36

biodrainage

, 32

control of

, 36

inadequate land

, 32, 186

mole

, 32

recycle land

, 30–31

run-water

, 176

smart

, 30–31

soil water

, 30–31

stormwater

, 71–72

subsurface

, 32

surface

, 32

vertical

, 32

water reserve tank

, 35

Durability

, 220

artificial neural network model for

, 224–227

bamboo

, 221–222

bamboo-based composites

, 225

bamboo-reinforced concrete beams

, 225–226

environmental

, 118–119

natural bamboo

, 224–225

natural composites

, 226–227

prediction of

, 223–224

Dynamic image analysis (DIA)

, 73–74

Dynamic light scattering (DLS)

, 73–74

Eco-Warriors

, 24

Education

, 11, 46, 125–126, 158, 185, 201–202, 234, 249

Electric vehicle (EV)

, 104–105

Electronic fare payment

, 87

Elephant herd

, 56–57

Elephant herd optimisation (EHO)

, 60

Emergency systems

, 85–86

Energy disaggregation

, 102

Energy efficiency

, 6, 101, 162, 185–186, 198

Energy management

, 104, 163

Energy optimization (AU: The term “Energy optimization” not listed in the text)

Energy storage system (ESS)

, 99–100

Energy-water-materials nexus

, 185–186

Engineering

, 73–74, 165, 185, 197, 224

agriculture

, 198

AI. See Artificial intelligence (AI)

Chemical, Environmental and Energy Engineering (CEEE)

, 7–8

civil

, 8–9

computer

, 200

electrical

, 5–6

electronic

, 5–6

mechanical

, 6–7, 199

telecommunications

, 5–6

Ensemble learning

, 3

Environmental monitoring

, 158, 162

Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)

, 189–190

Evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR)

, 74–75

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)

, 44–45

External shading control

, 177

Fabric manufacturing

, 260–262

Fanger’s PMV model

, 147–148

Feed-forward neural network (FFNN)

, 72

Fertilization

, 34–36

Fertilizers

biotechnology

, 33–34

nanotechnology

, 33–34

synthetic chemical

, 30

Fibre saturation point (FSP)

, 222

Finishing industry

, 262–266

First Industrial Revolution

, 196

Fixed passive measures

, 175–177

local construction practices

, 176

passive design, limitations of

, 176–177

Flood events

, 73

Food, demand for

, 30

Food safety

, 159

Food security

, 159, 234, 247–248

Fourth Industrial Revolution. See also Industry 4.0

, 49, 111, 196

Fuzzy inference system (FIS)

, 32–33

Fuzzy logic (FL)

, 90

5G

, 6, 82–83

characteristics

, 101

electric vehicle (EV)

, 104–105

features

, 104

frequency bands

, 101

Internet of Energy (IoE)

, 100–101

reduction in latency

, 101

Gaseous pollutants

, 209–210

Genetic algorithm (GA)

, 60, 71, 85, 91, 103, 125, 132, 135, 146, 238, 264

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

, 19

Global positioning system (GPS)

, 19, 124

Good health and well-being

, 159–160

Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Molecular Simulation

, 58

Green building rating systems

, 172

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

, 18, 32, 186

Grid maintenance

, 102–103

Habitats

coastal

, 251

modelling

, 250–251

wildlife

, 250

Healthcare

, 11, 248–249

artificial intelligence (AI)

, 248

robotics

, 198

SDG 10

, 160–161

Heavy metals

, 31

Household level

, 45, 185–186, 188

Household plastic consumption

, 45–49

data collection

, 45

data preparation and preprocessing

, 45–46

decision trees (DTs)

, 47

feature engineering/selection

, 46

model development/selection

, 46

networks

, 48

random forest (RF)

, 47

regression analysis

, 46

support vector machines (SVMs)

, 48–49

Human–machine interface (HMI)

, 199–200

Human rights

, 246–247

Hybrid energy systems (HES)

, 100

IBM’s Watson supercomputer

, 2

Image classification

, 71, 85

Indices

, 127, 147–148

Industrialisation

, 31

Industry 4.0

, 49, 110, 186, 196, 258

automation

, 198–199

blockchain

, 110–111, 115, 117–118

customisation

, 112

decentralisation

, 111

interoperability

, 111

Mauritius, industrial context and barriers to

, 201–202

modularity

, 112

optimisation

, 112

pushing research

, 112

real-time capability

, 112

robotics

, 198–199

service-orientation

, 112

virtualisation

, 111

Information technology (IT)

, 82–83

Infrared spectroscopy

, 20–21

Infrastructure

, 5–6, 25–26, 82–83, 110, 186, 196, 252

civil

, 210

degradation

, 88–89

energy

, 103, 105–106

forecast

, 88–89

land transport

, 90–91

physical

, 207–208

resilient

, 8–9, 220

road

, 88–89

SDG 7

, 138

SDG 9

, 214–215

sustainable

, 220

traditional transport

, 85

water

, 71

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 14-bus system

, 125, 129, 131–132, 135, 137–138

Integer linear programming (ILP)

, 125, 131, 135

Intelligent traffic management/control systems

, 85

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)

, 162

application of

, 90–91

for sustainability

, 82–84

International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)

, 36–37

Internet of Energy (IoE)

, 98–99

artificial intelligence and

, 102–103

building blocks

, 99–100

Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS)

, 103–104

electric vehicle (EV)

, 104–105

5G communications for

, 100–101

industry and

, 105

plug-and-play interface

, 100

renewable resources in

, 100

smart grid

, 104

smart transport

, 104–105

Internet of Things (IOT)

, 5–6, 19, 32–33, 72, 82–83, 98, 110, 116, 158, 236, 248

accident detection

, 86

case studies

, 163

challenges

, 163–164

digital transformation and

, 236

intrusion and privacy

, 110–111

opportunities

, 163–164

rescue response, initiation of

, 86

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 159–161

synergy

, 161–162

temperature monitoring

, 19

Interoperability

, 111

IoE. See Internet of Energy (IoE)

IOT. See Internet of Things (IOT)

Irrigation

, 30–33, 189

automated

, 32–33

control of

, 36

fertilization and

, 36–37, 159

smart

, 34–36

K-nearest neighbour (K-NN)

, 72

Knowledge-based systems (KBS)

, 89

Land. See also Landfill

, 18, 72–73, 186

agricultural

, 30–31

drainage

, 32, 38

food cultivation

, 247

Mauritius

, 30

plastic leakage

, 44–45

sustainable

, 162

transport infrastructure

, 90–91

Landfill

, 20, 31

greenhouse gases (GHG)

, 186

household waste from

, 189–190

in Mauritius

, 18, 189–190

waste sent to

, 49

Laser diffraction

, 73–74

LEED

, 172

Limited memory

, 2

Linearisation-based approaches

, 56

Linear transformed method (LTFM)

, 57–58

Livestock management

, 159

Load-induced cracks

, 221

Machine learning (ML)

, 102, 146, 158, 162, 197, 212, 223

advantages of

, 4–5

artificial neural network (ANN)

, 223–224

categories of

, 3–4

corrosion prediction

, 212–214

Datacolor

, 264

data mining (DM)

, 89–90

decision-making processes

, 197–198

education

, 249

error reduction and continuous enhancement

, 5

grid maintenance

, 102–103

household plastic consumption

, 45–49

neural networks

, 48

predictive analytics

, 49

recycling

, 49

support vector machines (SVMs)

, 48–49, 103

sustainable solid waste management

, 18, 20, 22–26

X-Rite

, 264

Manufacturing processes

, 225, 257–259

Marine aerosols

, 208–209

Material Recovery Facilities (MRF)

, 19

MATLAB

, 147, 149–150

Mechatronics

, 6, 172–173, 177–178

curtain control

, 177

external shading control

, 177

roof pooling

, 178

roof shading

, 177–178

solar chimney

, 178

wind catcher

, 178

Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS)

, 72–73

Membrane bioreactor (MBR)

, 74–75

M-farm

, 36–37

Ministry of Environment, Solid Waste Management and Climate Change (MOESWMCC)

, 19

Mobility

, 85

Models

, 21, 45

aqueous-phase adsorption

, 56–57, 60–62

artificial neural network (ANN)

, 220–224, 227–228, 265

deploy

, 49

development/selection

, 46

evaluate

, 49

forecasting

, 102

hydraulic

, 71

kinetic

, 210

K-M colour model

, 265

mathematical

, 3

neural network

, 265

one-size-fits-all

, 246

optimise

, 48–49

phasor measurement units (PMUs)

, 124, 126, 135, 137–138

physics

, 9

prediction

, 50, 57–58, 87, 172–173, 196, 223, 264

quantitative assessment of

, 146–150, 153

species habitats

, 250–251

training and validation

, 48

water management

, 70–71

Modulable passive building elements

, 177–178

Modularity

, 112

Monte Carlo approach

, 58

Multi Attribute Decision-Making (MADM)

, 89

Multi-layer perceptron

, 212–213

Multilayer perceptrons (MLPs)

, 224

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas

, 101

Municipal solid waste (MSW)

, 18

Nanotechnology

, 33–34

Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT)

, 101

Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)

, 184

Nature-based solutions (NBS)

, 174

Nature-inspired optimisation algorithms (NIOPAS)

, 56–57, 60

N-1 contingency criterion

, 129, 134

Network maintenance/budgets

, 89–90

Neural networks. See also Artificial neural network (ANN)

, 21, 46, 48, 74–75, 223, 254, 258–259

augmented decision-making processes

, 5

back-propagation feed-forward

, 10

model

, 265

Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK)

, 34

Non-linear programming (NLP)

, 125, 132, 135, 137, 139, 141

formulation of

, 132–135

IEEE 14-bus system

, 135

Normalised different water index (NDWI)

, 72–73

Nutrient Expert System (NES)

, 36–37

On-site comfort testing

, 146

Open Radio Access Network (RAN)

, 101

Optimisation

, 8, 87, 99, 197–198, 225

aqueous-phase adsorption model parameters

, 56–57, 60–62

Industry 4.0

, 112

network maintenance and budgets

, 89–90

phasor measurement units (PMUs)

, 124, 126, 135, 137–138

waste collection and transportation

, 18

Parking management

, 85

Passive design

, 173–177, 187–188, 192

Passive design methodology

, 173–175

Persistency

, 114

Phase change material (PCM)

, 174

Phasor measurement units (PMUs)

, 102, 124, 126, 135, 137–139, 141

assumptions

, 127

bus observability index (BOI)

, 126–127

implementing

, 124

installation costs of

, 124

methodology for

, 127, 132, 135

optimal placement of

, 124–125

placement rules

, 126

pre-allocation of

, 129

system observability redundancy index (SORI)

, 126–127

zero-injection bus (ZIB)

, 126

Plant protection products (PPPs)

, 32

Plastic waste

, 23, 44, 46–47

China

, 47

computer vision

, 49

household

, 44

India

, 47

machine learning

, 45

Nepal

, 46–47

recycling

, 49

segregation

, 50

storage

, 50

support vector machines (SVMs)

, 48–49

treatment

, 50

United Kingdom

, 48

Plug-and-play interface

, 100

Poverty reduction

, 251

Power systems

, 5–6, 98, 125, 138

Power voltage instability monitoring

, 102

Precision agriculture

, 159

Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD)

, 148

Prediction modelling

, 50, 57–58, 87, 172–173, 196, 223, 264

Predictive analytics

, 49

Radio frequency identification (RFID)

, 19, 186, 236

Random forest (RF)

, 47

Reactive machines

, 2

Real-time capability

, 112

Real-time operation management

, 87

Real-time systems

, 110–111, 115, 117–119

Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS)

, 196–197

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs)

, 103, 224

Recycling

, 7–8, 44–45, 49, 165, 188

household plastics

, 45, 47–48

Mauritius

, 24

nutrient

, 32, 34

plastic waste

, 23

waste sector

, 19

Reduced inequalities

, 160–161

Regression analysis

, 46

Reinforcement learning (RL)

, 3

Relative humidity (RH)

, 208

Renewable energies

, 99

Residual neural network (ResNet) model

, 116

Resilience

, 8, 89, 114, 174–175, 185, 196–197, 228, 234, 236

climate

, 185

food

, 202

Industry 4.0

, 196–197

Response surface methodology (RSM)

, 58

RoadAI

, 88

Road Asset Condition Assessment System (RACAS)

, 88

RoadMetrics

, 88

Road network condition management

, 87–88

RoadPlus

, 88

Road user charging systems

, 85

Robotic process automation (RPA)

, 198

Robotics

, 6–7

agriculture

, 198

automotive industry

, 198–199

Industry 4.0

, 198–199, 201–202

logistics and warehousing

, 199

Sustainable Development Goals

, 199–200

utilisation of

, 89

waste sorting

, 49

Roof pooling

, 178

Roof shading

, 177–178

Root means square error (RMSE)

, 57–58

RStudio

, 147, 149–150

Safety inspections

, 88–89

Safety management/emergency systems

, 85–86

SDG 7. See Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Second Industrial Revolution

, 196

Self-awareness

, 2–3

Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) algorithm

, 132

Service-orientation

, 112

Shallow learning

, 3

Simulated annealing (SA)

, 89

Simulated neural networks (SNN)

, 223–224

Small island developing state (SIDS)

, 90–91, 202–203

Smart. See also specific types

agriculture

, 162

appliances

, 5

bins

, 19, 49

contracts and cryptocurrency

, 112–113

factories

, 112

fertilizer application

, 30–31, 33–34, 36–38

homes

, 160, 198

predictive capabilities

, 234–235

prosthetics

, 160

transport

, 104–105

upselling and cross-selling

, 6

washing machines

, 98–99

waste management technologies

, 22–25

Smart cities

, 19–20, 110, 158

Internet of Things (IoT)

, 158

planning

, 161

sensors

, 253

SmartFactory

, 111

Smart grid

, 98–99, 103–104

Smart solutions

, 19

Smart textiles

, 258, 262, 267

Smart waste management technologies

applications of

, 25

for waste characterisation

, 20–22

for waste collection and transport

, 22–23

for waste segregation and recovery

, 23–24

Social good

, 245–254

Soil moisture

, 30–31

Solar chimney

, 178–179

Solar radiation

, 146–147, 174, 177

Solid waste characterisation

, 18, 20, 22–23, 25

Solid waste management (SWM)

, 18

Sonar techniques

, 21

Species habitats modelling

, 250–251

Supervised learning

, 3

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems

, 124

Supply chain integration (SCI)

, 235

Supply chain management (SCM)

, 116–117, 159, 165, 234–239, 251

Supply chains (SCs)

, 234, 238, 241

Support vector machines (SVMs)

, 48–49, 70

Sustainability

, 32–33, 49, 98, 172, 185–186, 199–200, 202–203, 220, 242

agriculture

, 159

artificial intelligence (AI)

, 250–251

in built environment

, 8–9, 173, 185–186

cities and communities

, 161

energy and resource management

, 161

enterprise development and

, 9–10

intelligent transportation systems for

, 82–84

Internet of Things (IoT)

, 158, 162, 164–165

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 30–31, 44, 76, 82, 110, 197, 207, 210, 212, 214–215, 246–247

2

, 158–159

3

, 158–160

4

, 158, 235

7

, 5–8, 103–106, 110, 125–126, 158, 215

8

, 117

9

, 214–215, 220

10

, 158, 160–161, 235, 252

11

, 18, 158, 161, 220, 252

12

, 19, 24, 44, 220

13

, 21, 214, 220–221

14

, 250–251

15

, 250–251

17

, 184, 234

artificial intelligence (AI)

, 10–11

blockchain use cases, in Industry 4.0 and

, 117–118

Chemical, Environmental and Energy Engineering (CEEE)

, 7–8

food supply chain in

, 197

household plastic consumption

, 51

intelligent traffic management and control systems

, 85, 90–91

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)

, 90–91

Internet of Things (IoT) and

, 159–161

transport-related

, 83–84

Sustainable waste management (SWM)

, 18–19, 24, 186

Swarm intelligence–based algorithms

, 60–61

Synapses

, 213–214

System observability redundancy index (SORI)

, 126–127, 137

Systems

adsorption

, 57–60

artificial intelligence (AI)

, 2, 246, 249, 258

data loggers and telemetry

, 73

drainage

, 34–36

energy-saving

, 98

engineering

, 1–2

environmental

, 8

fertilization

, 34–36

IEEE 14-bus

, 137

infrastructure

, 207–208

intelligent real-time

, 110–111, 115, 117–119

intelligent transportation

, 81–82, 84–91

Internet of Things (IoT)

, 158, 162–163

irrigation

, 34–36

low-carbon

, 5

machine learning (ML)

, 21

mechatronics

, 172–173, 177

robotics and automated

, 195, 200–203

robotic waste sorting

, 49

smart agricultural

, 32–33

spatial

, 22–23

water drainage

, 30–31

zero-injection bus (ZIB)

, 126

Telemetry systems

, 73

Textile and apparel (T&A) industry

, 237

Textile industry

artificial intelligence (AI) in

, 258, 262, 266

colouration

, 262–266

fabric manufacturing

, 260–262

finishing industry

, 262–266

in Mauritius

, 9–10

yarn manufacturing

, 259–260

Theory of Mind

, 2

Thermal comfort

, 146–147, 149, 172–173, 175, 177–180, 192

analysis

, 152

definition of

, 146

Portugal

, 146

Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) scale

, 146–147

Third Industrial Revolution

, 196

Threats

, 254

Time-of-Wetness (TOW)

, 208

Time reduction

, 114

Total inorganic nitrogen (TIN)

, 74–75

Toyota’s logistics

, 241

Traffic engineering

, 83–85, 90

Traffic law enforcement

, 85

Trans-Africa HyrdoMeteorological Observatory (TAHMO) project

, 250

Transparency

, 114

Tropical Summer Index (TSI)

, 148

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

, 162

UN SDGs. See Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Unsupervised learning

, 3

Urbanisation

, 31

Virtualisation

, 111

Waste characterisation

, 20–22

Waste collection

, 18, 251

bins, overflowing of

, 19

optimisation of

, 18, 49, 163

smart waste management technologies for

, 22–23

Waste management

, 7–8, 163

alternative

, 18

artificial intelligence tools in

, 49

controlled facility

, 18

plastic

, 50

smart

, 20–22

sustainable

, 24

Waste recovery

, 23–24

Waste sector

, 18–19

Waste segregation

, 23–24

Water distribution network (WDN)

, 71

Water quality

, 70–71, 158, 165

artificial intelligence (AI) and

, 72–73

irregularities in

, 73

Water quality classification (WQC)

, 72

Water quality index (WQI)

, 72

Water sector

, 71–72

Wind

, 100, 146, 221

catcher

, 178

power generation

, 5–6

solar radiation and

, 146–147

speed

, 153

thermal comfort

, 150

velocity

, 209

Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR)

, 173–174

X-ray

, 21

Yarn manufacturing

, 259–260

Zero Hunger

, 159

Zero injection bus (ZIB)

, 124–125

inclusion of

, 128–129, 133–134

placement rules in

, 126