Prelims

Half Title Page

Delivering Entrepreneurship Education in Africa

Title Page

Delivering Entrepreneurship Education in Africa: New Perspectives

Edited by

Chux Gervase Iwu

University of the Western Cape, South Africa

And

Richard Shambare

University of Fort Hare, South Africa

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

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Emerald Publishing Limited

Emerald Publishing, Floor 5, Northspring, 21-23 Wellington Street, Leeds LS1 4DL

First edition 2024

Editorial matter and selection © 2024 Chux Gervase Iwu and Richard Shambare.

Individual chapters © 2024 The authors.

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ISBN: 978-1-83753-327-5 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-83753-326-8 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-83753-328-2 (Epub)

About the Editors

Chux Gervase Iwu is a Professor of Entrepreneurship Management and the SBDG Chair of Entrepreneurship in Higher Education at the University of the Western Cape. He has a multidisciplinary background that encompasses degrees in Library Studies, Industrial and Organisational Psychology, Human Resources Management and an Advanced Diploma in Management. Chux sits on the advisory/editorial boards of the Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies (JEIEE) published by SAGE, the forthcoming Palgrave Macmillan Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, the Center for Entrepreneurship Rapid Incubator (CfERI) of False Bay College, among many others. He served as Head of the Department of Entrepreneurship at another university where he led a team that designed and developed various entrepreneurship programs. As Dean of Research, Chux emphasised the need for productive entrepreneurship through research that leads to accelerated interest in entrepreneurship among students. Chux researches the broad area of socio-economic issues in emerging economies.

Prof Richard Shambare is a Professor of Entrepreneurship and Marketing at the University of Fort Hare, where he is also the Dean of the Faculty of Management and Commerce. His research interests are in the areas of the adoption of innovations, microfinance and the behaviour of entrepreneurs.

About the Contributors

Ibn Kailan Abdul-Hamid is the Head of the Marketing Department at the University of Professional Studies, Accra. His research interest encompasses marketing and entrepreneurship.

Abdallah Abdul-Rahaman is a PhD candidate in Marketing and Entrepreneurship at the University of Ghana. His research interest is in social entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship marketing.

Kwame Adom is a Senior Lecturer in Marketing and Entrepreneurship at the University of Ghana. His research interests are in the informal economy, entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship in the global south.

Ayansola Olatunji Ayandibu holds a BSc Hons in Accounting, Master's of Business Administration and a PhD in Leadership Studies (Strategy, Innovation and Entrepreneurship). Dr Ayandibu teaches Accounting, Management and Entrepreneurship modules and has also published in these areas. Dr Ayandibu has supervised several honours students, Master's and PhD candidates. Dr Ayansola Ayandibu is a member of the South African Institute of Management (SAIM), South African Institute of Management Scientists (SAIMS), South African Institute of Business Accountants (SAIBA) and Institute of Chartered Economists of Nigeria (ICEN).

Dr Patrick Ebong Ebewo is a versatile enterprise and entrepreneurship development expert with many years of experience within the SADC region's academic arena. He has over a decade of experience working closely with private and public enterprises to develop and moderate entrepreneurship initiatives focusing on social impact. Dr Ebewo holds a dual position at the Tshwane University of Technology – Director of: Centre for Entrepreneurship Development and Senior Lecturer/Head of Department: Management and Entrepreneurship. Dr Ebewo is a Professional Business Advisor (The South African Institute of Professional Accountants) and a Member of Coaches and Mentors of South Africa (COMENSA).

Emmanuel Ekale Esambe teaches Communication and Research Methodology in the Department of Entrepreneurship and Business Management, Faculty of Business and Management Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT). Emmanuel is currently completing a doctoral thesis on education technology and literacy studies in the Professional Education Research Institute (PERI) at CPUT's Faculty of Education. His research focuses on student academic development, literacy studies and education technology.

Ikechukwu O. Ezeuduji is a full Professor of Tourism Management at the University of Zululand, South Africa. He obtained his PhD degree from the BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria. He has more than 12 years of teaching experience in Higher Education Institutions. He has widely published in broader areas of tourism development (rural and events tourism), tourism management (strategic tourism management and tourism entrepreneurship) and tourism marketing (brand essence, brand competitiveness, brand image and brand loyalty).

Phakisho Wilson Mehlape (MBA Candidate) is a Student Development Officer at Tshwane University of Technology. He earned a Postgraduate Diploma in Business Management from Mancosa in 2021 and is pursuing an MBA. He has experience in Training and Development (Outdoor and Adventure-Based learning), Business development solutions and Project management.

Dr Semukele Hellen Mlotshwa is an entrepreneur, environmentalist, business executive coach and applied researcher with more than 17 years of experience as both a practitioner and scholar in entrepreneurship and new venture creation and Environmental Health and Science. She has accomplished multidiscipline academics; holds a PhD in Management (Entrepreneurship), a Master's degree in Management (Entrepreneurship and New Venture Creation), BSc in Environmental Health and Science and Postgraduate Diploma in Management. She is a Lecturer in entrepreneurship, business management and enterprise development courses.

Willard Morgan earned his Master's degree in Education from the University of Free State and has more than 20 years of experience across the Education sector. Willard is the Head of Programme within the Faculty of Education as well as a Lecturer on the Postgraduate Certificate in Education and Postgraduate Diploma in Higher Education. Currently pursuing a Doctorate in Education, Willard intends to contribute to the body of knowledge that would see the improved involvement of youth, African and South African, in having more agencies over their economic future.

Elona N. Ndlovu-Hlatshwayo (PhD Candidate) is an emerging researcher with more than 18 years of industry experience. She is a Master’s Coach (ABCCCP), and a member of COMENSA. She is also a Lecturer in the Master’s in Business and Executive Coaching programme at the Wits Business School as well as Entrepreneurship and Research Methodology at the Management and Entrepreneurship Department at the Tshwane University of Technology. She supervises Master's research in both entrepreneurship and coaching.

Sibusiso D. Ntshangase is in possession of a PhD (Tourism and Recreation) degree from the University of Zululand, South Africa, where he is currently serving as a Lecturer. He is an emerging scholar in the areas of tourism entrepreneurship and tourism in protected areas. He has published about 10 journal articles around his research interest and contributed about four international conference papers. He is a scholar with great passion for community engagement and sustainable rural development.

Dr Paul Chiedozie Odigbo is a teacher and researcher on small business management and entrepreneurship education. He has Higher National Diploma in Cooperatives and Management, Postgraduate Diplomas in Business Administration and in Education, Master’s degree in Business Administration and in Educational Management and a Doctorate in Business Management. He is a member of the Institute of Personnel Management and Institute of Entrepreneurs. Paul is a Chief Lecturer and former director, Centre for Entrepreneurship Development in a Federal Polytechnic in Nigeria.

Dr Fazlyn Petersen is a Senior Information Systems Lecturer at the University of the Western Cape. Her research foci are Information Communication and Technology for Development (ICT4D) in health and education. Her research focuses on creating more inclusive online environments for students and patients, especially those with lower socio-economic status.

Patient Rambe is a Professor of Entrepreneurship and the Director of the Centre for Enterprise and Entrepreneurship Studies at Central University of Technology, Free State. His latest co-edited book is titled: The Future of Entrepreneurship in Africa: Cross-Sectional Perspectives Post-Covid-19, UK: Routledge. He has led the co-edition of the second book titled: Entrepreneurial Development in Southern Africa - Some Contemporary Perspectives, UK: Palgrave. His scholarly work can be found in several journals such as the Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Springer), International Journal of Management Education (Elsevier), European Journal of Innovation Management (Emerald) and Management Research Review (Emerald).

Prof Chris Schachtebeck is an Associate Professor and Head of the Department in the Department of Business Management, School of Management at the University of Johannesburg. He holds a PhD in Business Management from the University of Johannesburg. He is an NRF Y2-rated researcher, specialising in entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship.

Prof Thea Judith Tselepis is an Associate Professor in the South African Research Chair in Entrepreneurship Education and Department of Business Management, School of Management at the University of Johannesburg. Her PhD was on entrepreneurship and design. She is an NRF C3-rated researcher, specialising in entrepreneurship for creatives.

Foreword

The normative commitment to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education can be found in almost any education and training document in South Africa. It sounds deceptively easy to do and nice to have. There are fewer and fewer jobs in the formal economy, the argument goes; so young people need to learn to create their own work opportunities and earn their own income. I like the idea, of course, especially because South Africa is not a high innovation country and our education system prizes conformity over dissent and group think over individual ingenuity.

It is for these reasons and more that I treasure the idea of entrepreneurship for and among youth. Having lived a sizeable chunk of my academic life in the Silicon Valley I was always amazed at how common it was to meet young people trying out a new idea. It carries risk, of course. You will fail often before you get something right. No doubt you will lose money along the way. But that is exactly the point – to experiment, to think outside of the box and to work towards a breakthrough that could improve lives and yes, make yourself tons of money in the process.

But how do you do that in an anti-innovation culture where risk is punished and the established algorithm followed dutifully. Ask a child in a South African school who tried to solve a quadratic equation in three steps rather than the five laid out by the teacher; punishment is swift.

That is what the editors help us bridge in this remarkable book, the ideals of entrepreneurship policy, on the one hand, and the hard social and educational reality of people's lives, on the other hand. This book is situated within the variable contexts of individual student lives and this immediately gives it a conceptual sophistication often absent in the more preachy forms of entrepreneurship texts. For example, concept mapping, a powerful tool in education that gives you insight into the minds of learners that has, by the way, shown to have enormous value in one of my fields of interests, science learning.

I would highly recommend this book to university teachers, policymakers, planners, curriculum designers and the up-and-coming entrepreneur who is tired of hearing what should be and eager to know how we can build a durable and science-informed entrepreneurship among all our students.

Jonathan D Jansen

Distinguished Professor of Education

Stellenbosch University

16 May 2023

Acknowledgements

When this book was conceived, an important consideration was given to the review process. Putting a book of this nature together involves a team of dedicated reviewers and a good reviewer template. We thank Dr Han Ping Fung, Enterprise Architect at Hewlett Packard Enterprise for allowing the use of his template. We are equally grateful to the reviewers for critically assessing the submissions. Through your effort, we are convinced that we have a book that provokes elaborate discourse on entrepreneurship education within the African context. And finally, but by no means a miniature acknowledgment, we thank the Distinguished Professor of Education, Jonathan Jansen, for taking the time to comb through the contributions and offering a foreword. Thank you, Prof.