Absorptive abilities

, 206–207

Absorptive capacity

, 206–207, 310

lack of

, 213–215

“Activation model” approach

, 42

Active dialogue between proponents and opponents

, 120–121

Actors capability of making agreements

, 132–133

Additional capacity

, 206–207

Administrative agencies strategies, divergence of

, 299–301

Administrative capacity

, 13, 305

Administrative conflict, theoretical framework for

, 288–290

Agribusiness

, 94

Agriculture

, 90–91

AkEnd

, 56

All-Stored-Here (ASH)

, 207

Amazon Productive Transformation Agenda (APTA)

, 170–171

Amazon rainforest

, 100

Amazon Special Territorial Circumscription (CTEA)

, 170–171

Ambiguity

, 121

Analytic framework for governing sustainable development

, 282–285

Analytical capacity

, 13–14, 92, 166–167, 213–214, 308–309

ANDRA

, 57–58

APG flaring problem

, 76, 295

Arvandan Oil and Gas Company (AOGC)

, 74

Associated petroleum gas (APG)

, 70

flaring in Iran

, 73, 75–76, 82

Iran oil industry

, 73–75

persistence

, 76–82

Atomkonsens

, 56

At-risk-of-poverty (AROP)

, 28

Authoritative strategies

, 267

Autonomous communities (ACs)

, 184–185

Bargaining mechanisms

, 288

Bluewashing

, 42

Bottom-up performance management

, 120–121, 310–311

Brazilian media landscape

, 92

Brundtland Report on Our Common Future (1987)

, 2

Bureaucratic politic model

, 288

Call for Evidence

, 247–248

Capability concept

, 302–303, 306

Capacity

, 12–13, 120–121

administrative

, 13, 305

analytical

, 13–14, 92, 166–167, 213–214, 308–309

content-process-context interactions in LT megaproject

, 126–136

as democratic aim to solve sustainable development problems

, 303–304

of designing sustainability development policies

, 17–18

framework at sustainable development policymaking

, 302–304

governance

, 41, 43, 122

for managing wickedness

, 302–303

megaprojects’ wickedness and

, 121–124

nonlinear

, 305, 309, 312

operational

, 13–14, 93, 166–167, 213–214, 226, 308–309

for organizing

, 124–126

policy

, 54–55, 122, 165, 168, 197, 199, 226

political

, 13–14, 93, 166–167, 202–203, 206–207, 213–214, 245, 308–309

state

, 92–93

technical

, 307–308

types

, 12–13

Capacity building

, 20, 122, 124, 126, 305

Central Irrigation Union of the Tajo-Segura Aqueduct (SCRATS)

, 189, 194–195

Chamber of Deputies

, 94–96

Change

, 124, 137, 266

Child poverty

, 28

essence

, 36–41

Finland, SDGs and

, 28–31

as metrics reality

, 35

as policy continuum

, 34–35

as policy narrative “pendulum”

, 36

policy output in context of SDGs

, 41

SDGs as learning framework in context of

, 36–43

as wicked problem in SDG context

, 31–34

as wicked societal problem

, 34–36

Citizen participation projects

, 202–203, 205–206

Civil society

, 15, 210–211

actors

, 250

organizations

, 145

stakeholders

, 31

Climate change

, 144, 204

case study on

, 152–156

policy

, 294

Cluster analysis

, 210

CNAPI

, 60–61

Cocreation

, 138, 205–207

French CCC experience and wicked dimension of

, 212–213

wickedness of

, 214

Coherence (see also Divergence)

, 223, 226, 262

approach

, 246

policy coherence and wickedness SD

, 225

strategies to promote

, 266–269

Collaborative strategies

, 267–268

Communication

, 143, 154, 289

Communities

, 2, 165, 221

Comparative policy analysis

, 52–53

Competitive strategies

, 267

Complementary Climate Delegated Act

, 52

Complex intergovernmental problem (CIPs)

, 186–187

Complex systems

, 167–168, 286–287

Comprehensive Plan for the Amazon (PIA)

, 170–171

Conference

, 227

Conflict

, 2, 121, 123, 223, 226, 288–289

policy coherence and wickedness SD

, 225

typology of

, 290–291

Conflicting values and interests

, 291

Conflictive policy domains

, 270

Conflictive regimes

, 269

Consensus

, 5, 15, 17, 53–54, 305

Content-process-context interactions, in LT megaproject

, 126–136

actors’ capability of making agreements

, 132–133

content, context, and process

, 133–136

national institutions’ openness or closure to civil society stakeholders

, 126–130

supranational intensity of supervision and control

, 130–132

Contextualism

, 120–121, 124–126

Coordination

, 14, 29–30, 41, 228, 261, 311

capacity

, 14

multilevel

, 54

tools in MC

, 228–233

Corridor forum

, 132, 136

Cost–benefit analysis

, 130, 289–290

COVID-19 pandemic

, 173, 208–209, 266

Débat public

, 58–59

Decision-making process

, 59, 223

Decisionmakers

, 11–12

Deforestation on Legislative Agenda

, 101–102

DelRio Law

, 227

Democracy

, 303–304

Democratic institutions

, 304

Democratic regimes

, 303–304

Department for International Development (DFID)

, 249–250

Deprivation

, 32

Development and Territorial Management Plans (PDOT)

, 171

Dilma’s Veto and environment policy field victory

, 99–100

Divergence

of administrative agencies’ strategies

, 299–301

of interests and values

, 296–299

non-zero-sum conflicts

, 298–301

wickedness

, 301–302

zero-sum conflicts

, 296, 298–300

Do No Significant Harm (DNHS)

, 51–52

Ebro Delta Problem

, 189–192

Economic, Social and Environmental Council (CESE)

, 208

Economic growth

, 2, 102–103

Ecuadorian Amazon

, 164, 168, 171

Ecuadorian environmental authority

, 169

Education

, 144

Education Law

, 149–150

Emergence

, 167–168, 171, 173

Energy policy

, 54

Energy transition

, 50

Entropic search

, 90–91

Environment activism

, 93

Environment policy

, 99–100

Environment preservation

, 93–94, 102–103

Environmental Public Policy in Bolsonaro Era

, 100–101

European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM)

, 52

European Coordinator

, 131

European Union (EU)

, 121, 153

Green Deal

, 261

European Water Framework Directive (WFD)

, 184

Experimental governance

, 28–29

Feedback

, 167–168, 173, 175

Finland

, 28, 31

Finnish Constitution

, 34

Florence metropolitan context

, 228

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)

, 174

Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO)

, 250

Foreign Affairs Committee in the House of Commons

, 249–250

Foreign Commonwealth Office (FCO)

, 249–250

Forest Code Debate in Brazil

, 97–99

and Partial Victory for Agribusiness

, 96–97

Foucauldian theory of power

, 124–125

Framing of media and legislative topics

, 93–94

France

, 52, 57, 59, 63, 80–81, 122, 124–126, 129–130, 132, 135–136, 202, 207, 214–215, 284

French Citizens Convention for Climate (CCC)

, 202, 297

case study

, 208–212

citizens, weekends, and propositions

, 208–209

context, modalities, and results

, 208–209

experience and wicked dimension of cocreation process

, 212–213

explanatory factors of CCC’s failure

, 213–215

findings

, 210–212

happened with proposals

, 209

methodology

, 209–210

from wicked problems to wickedization of problems and solutions

, 203–207

French Napoleonic model

, 227

Gas flaring

, 70–71

APG flaring in Iran

, 73–82

policy instruments and strategies

, 83–84

theoretical framework and methodology

, 71–73

Gender equality

, 2, 103, 268–269

Germany

, 55–57

Global Environmental Fund (GEF)

, 170

Globalization

, 260–261

Goal divergence

, 289

Gorleben Treck

, 55

Gorleben-moratorium

, 56

Governance

, 154

capacity

, 41, 43, 122, 310

readiness

, 14, 245–246, 249

Governments

, 262

capacities

, 307–308

experts

, 91

programs

, 34–35

Green Climate Fund (GCF)

, 170

Green Deal

, 121

Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG emissions)

, 153, 164

Greenpeace

, 98–99

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 100, 193, 228

Harmonization

, 261

policy

, 261

strategies

, 268

HEEL. (The term “HEEL” not cited in the text)

High-level nuclear waste (HLW)

, 19, 50

Germany

, 55–57

Italy and timing of inaction

, 60–61

taxonomy regulation and debate on nuclear power and nuclear waste

, 50–52

technocracy to deliberation

, 57–59

High-Level Radioactive Waste (HLW)

, 295

as wicked policy problem

, 52–55

Human-Environmental-Economic-Ethics-Local (HEEEL)

, 3

Implementation failures

, 144

Inclusive coherence

, 224

Inclusive preschool education

, 147–152

Income-based AROP threshold

, 35

Indicator approach

, 266–269

multilevel nexus governance and integrative policy strategy

, 267

SDG nexus as conflictive regime

, 269

Infrastructure policy

, 122

Innovative capacities

, 310–312

Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio)

, 100

Institutional capacity

, 307–308

Institutional development

, 171–173

Institutional frameworks

, 4, 284–285

Institutionalization

, 261, 267, 270

improving nexus regimes in absence of

, 269–272

Integrated Review, The

, 243, 248–249, 293

Integration

, 262, 269

process

, 262

strategies

, 266–269

Integrative policy capacity

, 271

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

, 202

Interinstitutional Committee for Sustainable Palm Production (CISPS)

, 173

Internal coherence

, 224, 234–235

International Energy Agency

, 144

Intertwingularity

, 287

Iran

, 70–71

Iran and Libya Sanctions Act (ILSA)

, 74, 80–81

Iran oil industry

, 73–75

Iranian Central Oil Fields Company (ICOFC)

, 74

Iranian Offshore Oil Company (IOOC)

, 74

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)

, 75

Italian local government system, MCs in

, 226–233

Italy

, 60–61

Itla Children’s foundation

, 30

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)

, 80–81

Joint Research Centre (JRC)

, 51

Jurisdictional approaches (JAs)

, 164

deforestation in Ecuadorian Amazon and emergence of PROAmazonia

, 168–171

methodology

, 19–20

policy capacities and management of complexity

, 171–176

wicked problems, complexity, and policy capacity

, 165–168

Justification theory

, 124–126

Lands of well-being

, 230, 232

Latvia

, 144

SGD in

, 144–147

typology of problems

, 146

Latvian Sustainable Development Strategy 2030

, 144–145, 147, 152

Legislative Agenda

, 91–92

Legislative instruments

, 284–285

Legitimacy

, 95–96, 166–167, 194, 198, 207, 216, 309

Linear capabilities

, 305–306

Linear capacities

, 305–306, 309, 312

analytical, operational, and political capacity

, 308–309

institutional, governmental, technical, and planning capacities

, 307–308

Local engagement

, 224–225

Localization

, 176, 221, 313

Loi Bataille

, 58

Long-term policy planning

, 226

Lower Saxony

, 55

Lyon-Turin high-speed railway (LT)

, 120–122

Mainstreaming strategies

, 268–269

Media Agenda

, 92

Media framing

, 10, 19, 89, 91, 94–95, 104–105, 293

Megaprojects

, 120

wickedness

, 121–124

Memorandum Agreement

, 194

Meta-nexus

, 273

Metropolitan administrations

, 227

Metropolitan Agenda for Sustainable Development

, 232

Metropolitan Cities (MCs)

, 220

in Italian local government system

, 226–233

tools for planning and coordination in

, 228–233

Metropolitan City of Florence (MCF)

, 220–221

Metropolitan Conference

, 227

Metropolitan Council

, 227

Metropolitan goals

, 232–233

Metropolitan Mayor

, 227

Metropolitan Renaissance

, 230

Metropolitan strategic/structural plan (PSM)

, 227, 229, 232

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

, 2, 28, 271

Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA)

, 92

Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAGAP)

, 170

Ministry of Education

, 149–150

Ministry of Environment (MMA)

, 92

Ministry of Environment, Water and Ecological Transition (MAATE)

, 169

Ministry of Local Governance and Modernisation

, 267

Ministry of Petroleum

, 73–74

Monitoring Committee

, 300–301

Multilevel governance (MLG)

, 197–198, 223

Multilevel service delivery

, 43

Multi-sectoral approach

, 265

Multi-stakeholder partnerships

, 205

National Civil Defense Plan

, 153

National Development Plan of Latvia

, 149

National Federation of Irrigation Communities (FENACORE)

, 188

National Hydrological Plan (NHP)

, 189

National institutions’ openness or closure to civil society stakeholders

, 126–130

National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)

, 73–74

National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC)

, 74

National Planning Policy Framework

, 253–254

National security

, 262–263

National Water Plan (NWP)

, 192–193

Natural gas liquids (NGL)

, 75–76

Neoinstitutionalism

, 124–125

Neologisms

, 310–311

Network governance

, 242–243, 246, 252, 299

Networked supply chains

, 232

New Water Culture Foundation (FNCA)

, 187–188

Newspaper coverage

, 92

Newtonian approach

, 20, 286, 305

Newtonian logic

, 286, 288

Nexus

between complexity and policy coherence

, 242–243

critical capacities needed for integration

, 271

policy domains

, 266

problems of nexus governance

, 260–261

regimes in absence of institutionalization

, 269–272

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

, 45, 98

Nonlinear capacities

, 305, 309, 312

governance capacity and readiness

, 310

innovative capacities

, 310–312

Nonlinearity

, 167–168, 173, 175, 286

Non-zero sum games

, 306

Not-invented-here (NIH)

, 207

Nuclear energy generation

, 51

Nuclear power

, 19, 50, 52

Nuclear waste

, 50–52

Open decision-making systems

, 120–121, 310–311

Operational capacity

, 13–14, 93, 166–167, 213–214, 226, 308–309

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

, 35, 203–204, 221

Organizational complexity

, 32

Osservatorio Torino-Lione (OTL)

, 130

“Parties” concept

, 289

Path dependence

, 167–168, 175–176, 292

Performance capacity

, 13, 15, 17, 305

Performance management systems (PMSs)

, 125

Pesticides

on Legislative Agenda

, 104

use

, 102–103

Place-based approach

, 224

Planning

, 228

capacity

, 226, 307–308

tools for planning in MC

, 228–233

Policy actions

, 185–186, 222–223, 260–261

Policy actors

, 10, 176, 242–243, 290

Policy analysis

, 34, 289–290

Policy choices

, 42

Policy coherence

, 224, 234–235, 244, 246, 262

ideas

, 248–249

institutions

, 249–251

interests

, 251–252

nexus between complexity and

, 242–243

of SDGs Agenda in UK Context

, 247–252

SDGs and need for policy coherence/integration

, 260–261

Policy Coherence for Development (PCD)

, 223

Policy coherence for sustainable development (PCSD)

, 223, 247

Policy design

, 3, 143, 299, 312

Policy harmonization

, 261, 311

Policy implementation

, 28, 144–145, 228

Policy integration

, 262

concerns

, 226

process

, 244–245

Policy intervention

, 44

Policy mainstreaming

, 268–269

Policy nexus

SDGs, super-wicked problems, and policy capacity

, 272–273

SDGs and

, 263–265

sustainability and need for integration in

, 260–261

Policy response

, 32

Policy subsystems

, 262, 267

Policy tools

, 244–245, 253

Policymakers

, 2–3, 16, 33, 89–90, 312

Policymaking in complex world

, 31–33

Political capacity

, 13–14, 93, 166–167, 202–203, 206–207, 213–214, 245, 308–309

Political conflict, theoretical framework for

, 288–290

Political decision

, 210

Political decision-makers

, 202–203, 207

Political pluralism

, 32, 297–298

Politicians

, 145–146, 207, 307

“Postpositivist” argumentative

, 289–290

Poverty measurement

, 32, 293

Preference-based reinforcement

, 10

Pretextual dialog

, 297

Prime Minister’s Office (PMO)

, 29

Private and foreign companies

, 74

PROAmazonia program (PPA)

, 19–20, 164, 292, 294, 300

emergence

, 168–171

Procedural complexity and inadequacy

, 292–294

Public administration

, 15, 198, 287–288

Public organizations

, 15, 71–72, 136–137, 273

Public policies

, 4, 31–32, 207, 305

Quasi federalist

, 227

Quasi-private companies

, 74

Rational model

, 288

of decision-making

, 289–290

Readiness

lack of

, 213–215

matter of

, 206–207

REDD+ Action Plan

, 170–171

Regime complexes

, 260

Relative poverty

, 32

Representational coherence

, 224

Restructuring

, 17

Risk assessment

, 289–290

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)

, 173

Ruralist caucus

, 93

Safe environment

, 232

Safety of Nuclear Waste Management (BASE)

, 51–52, 56

Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER)

, 52

Scientific uncertainty

, 32

Self-organization

, 287–288

Simplicity

, 287

Single Programming Document (DUP)

, 233

Social assistance payments

, 35

Social complexity

, 288

Social conflict, theoretical framework for

, 288–290

Social Insurance Institution of Finland (KELA)

, 30

Social policies and family

, 233

Social rights

, 233

Social Security Organisation (SSO)

, 75

SOGIN

, 60–61

Spanish political sphere

, 184–185

Stakeholders

, 29, 89–90

State Audit Office

, 146–147

State capacity

, 89–90, 92–93

data

, 91–94

method

, 94–95

results

, 95–104

Stock capacity

, 15–16, 305

Strategic management

, 124, 138

Strategic planning

, 229–230

Structural conflict

, 288, 296, 298

Structural/systemic complexity

, 121, 123, 165, 168, 287, 291, 294, 296, 302

concept

, 286

due to conflict

, 296–302

divergence of administrative agencies’ strategies

, 299–301

divergence of interests and values

, 296–299

ideas

, 248–249

institutions

, 249–251

interests

, 251–252

nexus between policy coherence and

, 242–243

procedural complexity and inadequacy

, 292–294

of SDGs Agenda in UK Context

, 247–252

structural/systemic complexity

, 294–296

due to technical reasons

, 291–296

theoretical framework on

, 286–288

typology of

, 290–291

Subnational engagement

, 224–225

Subsystems

, 290

“Super-wicked” problems

, 72, 260–261

Supranational intensity of supervision and control

, 130–132

Susa Valley

, 122

Sustainability

, 3, 52, 184, 220–221, 224, 284

capacity

, 12–13

capacity and design of sustainability policies

, 11–18

capacity of designing sustainability development policies

, 17–18

decisionmakers

, 11–12

and need for integration in policy nexus

, 260–261

policy capacity for solving wicked problems

, 13–16

problems of nexus governance

, 260–261

Sustainable cities

, 221

Sustainable development (SD)

, 3–4, 204, 220, 243

analytic framework for governing

, 282–285

framework of capacities looking at

, 302–304

high-level political forum on

, 234–235

local solutions for

, 223–226

localization

, 221–223

measuring coherence for

, 234–235

policies

, 282–283, 305

wicked nature of

, 285–291

Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG1)

, 30–31

Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7)

, 19, 50, 70

Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG9)

, 120

Sustainable Development Goal 17 (SDG17)

, 282

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 28, 31, 70, 89–90, 120, 143, 147, 152, 164, 202, 220, 243, 261

adaptation

, 28–30

case study on climate change policy

, 152–156

conceptual framework for analyzing

, 243–246

continuing problems with

, 265–266

goals

, 42, 71, 156–157

ideas, institutions, and interests dealing with picked policy problems

, 245

improving nexus regimes in absence of institutionalization

, 269–272

indicator approach

, 266, 269, 273

institutionalization

, 203–205

in Latvia

, 144–147

as learning framework in context of child poverty

, 36–43

localization

, 220

managerial and organizational response

, 205–206

and need for policy coherence/integration

, 260–261

nexus as conflictive regime

, 269

policy coherence and complexity of

, 247–252

and policy nexus governance

, 263–265

process and stakeholders

, 149, 151–152, 156

super-wicked problems, and need for greater policy capacity

, 272–273

sustainability and need for integration in policy nexus

, 260–261

targets

, 28, 221

wickedization

, 205

wickedness of inclusive preschool education policy

, 152

Sustainable practices

, 90, 94

Sustainable systems

, 173–175

Systematic thinking

, 269–270

Systemic approach

, 287–288

Systemic complexity

, 293–294, 296

Tajo-Segura Water Transfer (TSWT)

, 192–197

TAPPICO

, 75

Taxonomy regulation

, 50–52

Technical capacities

, 307–308

Technical Expert Group (TEG)

, 50–51, 292–293

Technical path dependency

, 292

Technocracy to deliberation

, 57–59

Technology regulation

, 262–263

Territorial developments

, 229

Textual statistics methods

, 209–210

Traditional consensus-building techniques

, 300

Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T)

, 122, 135

Treaty of Maastricht

, 135

Uncertainty

, 19, 121, 123

United Kingdom (UK)

Government Department in charge

, 249–250

Government’s policy

, 249

Integrated Review

, 243, 247–248

policy coherence and complexity of SDGs Agenda in

, 247–252

United Nations (UN)

, 120

2023 Agenda

, 2–4, 20, 220–221, 223, 233, 261–262, 282–283

Conference on Environment and Development

, 204

High Commissioner for Refugees

, 270

Stockholm Conference of 1972

, 3

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

, 170

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP)

, 204

Universal accessibility

, 230

Urban sustainable mobility plan (PUMS)

, 229

Voluntary coordination

, 268

Voluntary Local Review (VLR)

, 234–235

Water planning

, 20, 184

actors in

, 187–189

dimensions of water planning as a wicked problem

, 185–187

in Spanish inter-regional Basins

, 292

water use, regional interests, feelings of identity, and basin unity

, 189–197

Welfare state

, 44

Wickedization

, 202–203, 207

Wickedness

, 28, 36, 41, 89–90, 164–165, 168, 204–205, 212–213, 242, 245, 291, 301–302, 313

capacity for managing

, 302–303

cocreation and political capacity to innovate

, 206–207

cocreation

, 205–206

conflicts and coherence

, 223–226

dimensions of water planning as

, 185–187

framework in public policy

, 5–11

framing

, 33–34

governing

, 242–243

hyper-comprehensive concept

, 5–6

institutionalization of SDGs

, 203–205

localizing SD

, 221–223

MCs in Italian local government system

, 226–233

measuring coherence for SD

, 234–235

political nature

, 9–11

societal problems

, 7–9

tame to

, 203–205

technicalities, interests, and values

, 6–7

Wicked policy

, 19, 121–122, 157, 216, 242

Zero–sum games

, 291, 299