Gas Flaring Reduction in Iran: A Super-Wicked Policy Problem on the Way to Sustainability

Abstract

Gas flaring is a crucial issue in the energy transition era, as it is a major source of carbon emissions in the gas production chain. The reduction of flaring could potentially contribute to eliminating energy poverty, as the amount of gas currently flared each year could power the entirety of Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite Iran's zero-clearing target, the country ranks third in gas flaring globally, with 12% share. This case study examines the reasons behind gas flaring in Iran within the Sustainable Development Goals framework. The study reveals that while technological and economic difficulties were the primary obstacles in early years, policy malfunctioning has demonstrated the wicked nature of a sustainability problem in recent years. The traditional top-down institutional structure has led to interference from public agencies and Operations and Maintenance (O&M) companies, complicating decision-making. The lack of precise criteria for finding best solutions, as well as the absence of appropriate control and monitoring mechanisms, has further paralyzed efforts to reduce flaring. The intensification of conflict between interest groups has added complexity to the situation. The issue has been further complicated at higher levels due to economic sanctions. This study offers practical solutions for reducing flaring in Iran based on global experiences and policies and programs of some selected countries. These suggestions address the policy, technological, and institutional aspects of the problem and aim to pave the way for sustainable and responsible energy transition. By reducing gas flaring, Iran can contribute to global efforts to mitigate climate change and create a more equitable and sustainable energy future.

Citation

Keypour, J. (2024), "Gas Flaring Reduction in Iran: A Super-Wicked Policy Problem on the Way to Sustainability", Lippi, A. and Tsekos, T.N. (Ed.) Policy Capacity, Design and the Sustainable Development Goals, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 69-88. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-686-320241005