References

Louise Wattis (Northumbria University, UK)

Gender, True Crime and Criminology

ISBN: 978-1-80455-361-9, eISBN: 978-1-80455-360-2

Publication date: 12 December 2024

Citation

Wattis, L. (2024), "References", Gender, True Crime and Criminology (Emerald Studies in Popular Culture and Gender), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 103-121. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-360-220241009

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2025 Louise Wattis. Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited


Abercrombie, 1996 Abercrombie, N. (1996). Television and society. Polity Press.

Adams, 2024 Adams, T. (2024, January 13). “The timing was impeccable”: Why it took a TV series to bring the Post Office scandal to light. The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/jan/13/mr-bates-vs-the-post-office-why-it-took-a-tv-series-to-bring-the-post-office-scandal-to-light

Ahmed, 2004 Ahmed, S. (2004). Affective economies. Social Text, 22(2), 117139.

Alcoff and Gray, 1993 Alcoff, L. , & Gray, L. (1993). Survivor discourse: Transgression or recuperation?. Signs, 18(2), 260290.

Allain, 2008 Allain, K. A. (2008). ‘Real fast and tough’: The construction of Canadian hockey masculinity. Sociology of Sport Journal, 25(4), 462481.

Alsarve, 2021 Alsarve, D. (2021). The need for a violence prevention programme in ice hockey: A case study on how hegemonic masculinity supports and challenges violent behaviour in Swedish ice hockey. European Sport Management Quarterly, 21(2), 218236.

American Murder: The Family Nextdoor, 2020 American Murder: The Family Nextdoor (2020) [Documentary] J. Popplewell, Knickerbockerglory TV.

Angiolini, 2024 Angiolini, E. (2024, April 30). The Angiolini inquiry: Part 1 report. House of Commons.

Anderson, 2009 Anderson, E. (2009). Inclusive masculinity: The changing nature of masculinities. Routledge.

Atkinson and Rodgers, 2016 Atkinson, R. , & Rodgers, T. (2016). Pleasure zones and murder boxes: Online pornography and violent video games as cultural zones of exception. British Journal of Criminology, 56(6), 12911307.

Badenhausen, 2019 Badenhausen, K. (2019). The new fight game: How an MMA startup wants to capture the sport's 450 million global fans. Daily Cover. https://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2018/12/28/the-new-fight-game-how-an-mma-startup-wants-to-capture-the-sports-450-million-global-fans/

Bailey and Trudy, 2018 Bailey, M. , & Trudy (2018). On misogynoir: Citation, erasure, and plagiarism. Feminist Media Studies, 18(4), 762768.

Baines, 2015 Baines, E. (2015). ‘Today, I want to speak out the truth’: Victim agency, responsibility, and transitional justice. International Political Sociology, 9(4), 316332.

Baines, 2017 Baines, E. (2017). Buried in the hearts: Women, complex victimhood and the war in Northern Uganda. Cambridge University Press.

Banet-Weiser, 2018 Banet-Weiser, S. (2018). Empowered: Popular feminism and popular misogyny. Duke University Press.

Banet-Weiser and Higgins, 2022 Banet-Weiser, S. , & Higgins, K. C. (2022). Television and the “honest” woman: Mediating the labor of believability. Television & New Media, 23(2), 127147. https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/115420/1/TVNM_Accepted_Version_SBW_KCH_.pdf

Barberet, 2014 Barberet, R. (2014). Women, crime and criminal justice: A global enquiry. Routledge. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/cambridgeshire-manchester-whaley-bridge-north-wales-london-b2413743.html

Barrett Meyering, 2018 Barrett Meyering, I. (2018). Feminism in Sydney's suburbs: ‘Speaking out’, listening and ‘sisterhood’ at the 1975 Women's Commissions. Australian Feminist Studies, 33(95), 6180.

Bates, 2012 Bates, V. (2012). “Misery loves company”: Sexual trauma, psychoanalysis and the market for misery. Journal of Medical Humanities, 33(2), 6181.

Bates, 2015 Bates, L. (2015). Everyday sexism. Simon & Schuster.

BBC, 2016 BBC . (2016, November 29). Football sex abuse claims: What's happened so far?. BBC Sport. https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38090926

BBC, n.d. BBC . (n.d.) True crime: Five reasons why women love it. British Broadcasting Association. BBC Radio 4 − Woman's Hour. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/5BQCFMQd3mPqj7YT4hlvdCL/true-crime-five-reasons-why-women-love-it. Accessed on May 10, 2024.

Bennett, 2017 Bennett, C. (2017, May 21). We learn nothing from Ian Brady. We're just fetishising him. The Guardian.

Bernstein, 2012 Bernstein, E. (2012). Carceral politics as gender justice: Neoliberal circuits of crime, sex, and rights. Theory and Society, 41(1), 233259.

Biressi, 2001 Biressi, A. (2001). Crime, fear and the law in true crime stories. Palgrave Macmillan.

Boeringer, 1996 Boeringer, S. B. (1996). Influences of fraternity membership, athletics, and male living arrangements on sexual aggression. Violence Against Women, 2(2), 134147.

Bolin, 2018 Bolin, A. (2018). Dead girls: Essays on surviving an American obsession. William Morris.

Boling, 2022 Boling, K. S. (2022). “It's that ‘there but for the grace of god go I’ piece of it”: Domestic violence survivors in true crime podcast audiences. Mass Communication & Society, 123.

Boling and Hull, 2018 Boling, K. S. , & Hull, K. (2018). Undisclosed information—Serial is My Favorite Murder: Examining motivations in the true crime podcast audience. Journal of Radio & Audio Media, 25(1), 92108.

Bourdieu, 1984 Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Routledge.

Bowling and Phillips, 2002 Bowling, B. , & Phillips, C. (2002). Racism, crime and justice. Longman.

Bowman, 2020 Bowman, P. (2020). In toxic hating masculinity: MMA hard men and media representation. Sport in History, 40(3), 395410.

Boyle, 2018 Boyle, K. (2018). Television and/as testimony in the Jimmy Savile case. Critical Studies in Television, 13(4), 387404.

Boyle and Sorby, 2021 Boyle, J. , & Sorby, M. (2021). Hartlepool: Born and bred. Warcry.

Brackenridge, 1997 Brackenridge, C. (1997). “He owned me basically”: Women's experiences of sexual abuse in sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 32(2), 115130.

Bradshaw, 2018 Bradshaw, P. (2018, July 19). A Prayer Before Dawn review – Thai jail drama packs a terrifying punch. The Guardian. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/09/movies/a-prayer-before-dawn-review.html

Bronfen, 1992 Bronfen, E. (1992). Over her dead body: Death, femininity and the aesthetic. Manchester University Press.

Brookman, 2005 Brookman, F. (2005). Understanding homicide. Sage.

Browder, 2006 Browder, L. (2006). Dystopian romance: True crime and the female reader. Journal of Popular Culture, 39(6), 928953.

Brown, 2003 Brown, S. (2003). Crime and law in media culture. Open University Press.

Brown, 2019 Brown, J. K. (2019). The perversion of justice: The Jeffrey Epstein story. Blackstone.

Brown and Rafter, 2013 Brown, M. , & Rafter, N. (2013). Genocide films, public criminology, collective memory. British Journal of Criminology, 53(6), 10171032.

Brownmiller, 1975 Brownmiller, S. (1975). Against our will: Women, men and rape. Fawcett.

Bruner, 1990 Bruner, J. (1990). Acts of meaning. Harvard University Press.

Brunsdon, 1986 Brunsdon, C. (1986). Films for women. BFI Publishing.

Brunsdon, 2000 Brunsdon, C. (2000). The feminist, the housewife and the soap opera. Clarendon Press.

Bruzzi, 2016 Bruzzi, S. (2016). Making a genre: The case of the contemporary true crime documentary. Law and Humanities, 10(2), 249280.

Bumiller, 2008 Bumiller, K. (2008). In an abusive state: How neoliberalism appropriated the feminist movement against sexual violence. Duke University Press.

Buozis, 2017 Buozis, M. (2017). Giving voice to the accused: Serial and the critical potential of true crime. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 14(3), 254270. https://doi.org/10.1080/14791420.2017.1287410

Burn, 2004 Burn, G. (2004). Somebody's husband, somebody's son. Viking.

Burrell, 2023 Burrell, I. (2023, March 26). MMA: How mixed martial arts is punching and kicking its way into the mainstream media. i.

Burstyn, 1999 Burstyn, V. (1999). The rites of men: Manhood, politics and the culture of sport. University of Toronto Press.

Buss, 2005 Buss, D. M. (Ed.) (2005). The handbook of evolutionary psychology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Butler, 2009 Butler, J. (2009). Frames of war: When is life grievable?. Verso.

Butler and Athanasiou, 2013 Butler, J. , & Athanasiou, A. (2013). Dispossession: The performative in the political. Wiley.

Byrne and Trew, 2008 Byrne, C. , & Trew, K. (2008). Pathways through crime: The development of crime and desistance in the accounts of men and women offenders. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 47(3), 238258.

Cameron and Frazer, 1987 Cameron, D. , & Frazer, E. (1987). The lust to kill. Polity.

Capote, 2000 Capote, T. (2000). In cold blood: A true account of a multiple murder and its consequences. Penguin.

Caputi, 1987 Caputi, J. (1987). The age of sex crime. The Women’s Press.

Carrabine, 2008 Carrabine, E. (2008). Crime, culture and the media. Polity.

Cavalcante et al., 2017 Cavalcante, A. , Press, A. , & Sender, K. (2017). Feminist reception studies in a post-audience age: Returning to audiences and everyday life. Feminist Media Studies, 17(1), 113.

CBS, 2018 CBS . (2018, September 5). Why women are fueling the popularity of true crime podcasts. CBS Mornings.

Chan, 2010 Chan, T. (2010). Social status and cultural consumption. Cambridge University Press.

Chapin, 2021 Chapin, A. (2021, March 12). Sarah Everard's murder feels terrifyingly personal. The Cut. https://www.thecut.com/2021/03/sarah-everards-death-in-london-is-prompting-women-to-speak.html

Chibnall, 2009 Chibnall, S. (2009). Travels in ladland: The British gangster film cycle 1998-2001. In R. Murphy (Ed.), The British cinema book (pp. 375386). BFI and Palgrave Macmillan.

Chodorow, 1999 Chodorow, N. (1999). The reproduction of mothering: Psychoanalysis and the sociology of gender. University of California Press.

Christie, 1986 Christie, N. (1986). The ideal victim. In E. A. Fattah (Ed.), From crime policy to victim policy. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08305-3_2

Clean Clothes Campaign, 2024 Clean Clothes Campaign . (2024, April 17). 11 years after the Rana Plaza collapse factories are safer but the root causes persist. https://cleanclothes.org/news/2024/11-years-since-the-rana-plaza-collapse-factories-are-safer-but-the-root-causes-of-tragedy-persist

Cobb, 2019 Cobb, J. (2019, January 11). R. Kelly and the complexities of race in the #MeToo era. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/r-kelly-and-the-complexities-of-race-in-the-metoo-era

Cobb and Horeck, 2018 Cobb, S. , & Horeck, T. (2018). Post Weinstein: Gendered power and harassment in the media industries. Feminist Media Studies, 18(3), 489491.

Cockerill, 2001 Cockerill, B. (2001). The taxman: The hardest man in Britain. John Blake Publishing.

Collier, 1998 Collier, R. (1998). Masculinities and crime. Sage.

Commons, 2020 Commons, J. (2020, March 10). Why do women fall in love with serial killers like Ted Bundy?. Refinery29. https://www.refinery29.com/en-gb/what-is-hybristophilia#:~:text=A%20condition%20called%20hybristophilia%20exists,a%20hybristophilia%20tag%20on%20Tumblr

Conlin and Davie, 2015 Conlin, L. , & Davie, W. R. (2015). Missing White woman syndrome: How media framing affects viewers' emotions. Electronic News, 9(1), 3650.

Connell, 1997 Connell, R. (1997). Gender and power: The person and sexual politics. Polity Press.

Connell, 2005 Connell, R. W. (2005). Masculinities (2nd ed.). University of California Press.

Connell and Messerschmidt, 2005 Connell, R. W. , & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829859.

Connors, 2016 Connors, J. (2016). I will find you. In search of the man who raped me. Fourth Estate.

Corradi et al., 2016 Corradi, C. , Marcuello-Servós, C. , Boira, S. , & Weil, S. (2016). Theories of femicide and their significance for social research. Current Sociology, 64(7), 975995. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392115622256

Coslett, 2014 Coslett, L. (2014, May 21). Why are women hooked on violent crime fiction? The Guardian.

Crawley, 2021 Crawley, K. (2021). Tanya Serisier: Speaking out: Feminism, rape and narrative politics. Feminist Legal Studies, 29, 423427.

Crenshaw, 1989 Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(1). Article 8.

Cummins et al., 2018 Cummins, I. , Foley, M. , & King, M. (2018). Serial killers and the media: The Moors murders legacy. Palgrave Macmillan.

Daly, 1998 Daly, K. (1998). Gender, crime and criminology. In M. Tonry (Ed.), The handbook of crime and punishment (pp. 85108). Oxford University Press.

Daly, 2017 Daly, K. (2017). Sexual violence and victims' justice interests. In E. Zinsstag E & M. Keenan (Eds.), Restorative responses to sexual violence – Legal, social and therapeutic dimensions (pp. 108139). Routledge.

Davis, 1983 Davis, A. (1983). Women, race and class. Random House.

Day, 2021 Day, A. (2021, September 23). We must stop comparing Sabine Nessa's murder with Sarah Everard's. Novara Media.

De Welde, 2003 De Welde, K. (2003). “White women beware!”: Whiteness, fear of crime, and self-defense. Race, Gender & Class, 10(4), 456473.

Dillman, 2014 Dillman, C. (2014). Women and death in film, television, and news: Dead but not gone. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137452283

Dixon, 2020 Dixon, K. (2020). Sexual abuse and masculine cultures: Reflections on the British football scandal of 2016. In R. Magrath , J. Cleland , & E. Anderson (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of masculinity and sport (1st ed., pp. 7393). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19799-5_5

Dodd, 2024 Dodd, V. (2024, February 29). Police should never employed Wayne Couzens, report finds. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/feb/29/met-police-should-never-have-employed-wayne-couzens-report-finds#:~:text=The%20failures%20laid%20out%20in,repeated%20bungling%20in%20three%20forces

Dodd and Sinmaz, 2023 Dodd, V. , & Sinmaz, E. (2023, February 7). David Carrick jailed for life over series of rape while Met police officer. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2023/feb/07/david-carrick-jailed-life-rapes-met-police-officer

Dodd et al., 2024 Dodd, K. , Solomon, C. , Naughton, M. , Salmon, P. M. , & McLean, S. (2024). What enables child sexual abuse in sport? A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 25(2), 15991613. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380231190666

Dodds, 2024 Dodds, L. (2024, January 16). Jeffrey Epstein's island: What really happened there?. The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/crime/epstein-island-visitors-list-pictures-b2479212.html

Dolan, 2021 Dolan, E. (2021). The gendered politics of recognition and recognizability through political apology. Journal of Human Rights, 20(5), 614629.

Downing, 2013 Downing, L. (2013). The subject of murder. University of Chicago Press.

Dyson and Flood, 2008 Dyson, S. , & Flood, M. (2008). Building cultures of respect and non-violence. Australian Football League & VicHealth.

Earle, 2019 Earle, E. R. (2019). “The consequences will be with us for decades”: The politicization and polarization of the #Metoo and Time's UP movements in the United States. Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture, 10(3), 257271.

The Economist, 2023 The Economist (2023, February 21). Nicola Bulley and the era of the social media sleuth: The case of a missing Briton illustrates a big challenge for the police.

Edwards, 2022 Edwards, K. (2022, June 27). My experience of Rotherham shows the real problem isn't brown men, it's how we treat working-class girls. New Statesman. https://www.newstatesman.com/thestaggers/2022/06/my-experience-rotherham-real-problem-not-brown-men-how-we-treat-working-class-girls

Ellis, 2015 Ellis, A. (2015). Men, masculinities and violence: An ethnographic study. Routledge.

Extremely WickedShockingly Evil and Vile and Berlinger, 2021 Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile (2021) [Film] J. Berlinger, COTA Films, Ninja Running Wild Productions, Voltage Pictures.

Fairclough, 2003 Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. Routledge.

Fathallah, 2023 Fathallah, J. (2023). Killer fandom: Fan studies and the celebrity serial killer. Media Studies Press.

Fernández-Morales, 2022 Fernández-Morales, M. (2022). The personal and the political in twenty-first-century America: Self- and cultural inquiry in contemporary rape memoirs. European Journal of American Culture, 41(1), 4769.

Fernández-Morales, 2023 Fernández-Morales, M. (2023). Survivor memory and rape memoir: Chanel Miller's Know My Name. Life Writing 21(2), 401418. Online first. https://doi.org/10.1080/14484528.2023.2196367

Ferraro, 1996 Ferraro, K. F. (1996). Women's fear of victimization: Shadow of sexual assault?. Social Forces, 75(2), 667690. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/75.2.667

Ferrell, 1997 Ferrell, J. (1997). Criminology verstehen: Inside the immediacy of crime. Justice Quarterly, 14(1), 323.

Ferrell et al., 2008 Ferrell, J. , Hayward, K. , & Young, J. (2008). Cultural criminology. Sage.

Field, 2020 Field, H. E. (2020). Writing the survivor: The rape novel in late twentieth century American fiction. Clemson University Press.

Fish, 1980 Fish, S. (1980). Is there a text in this class? The authority of interpretive communities. Harvard University Press.

Fiske, 1996 Fiske, J. (1996). Media matters: Race and gender in US politics. University of Minneapolis Press.

Flood, 2019 Flood, M. (2019). Engaging men and boys in violence prevention. Palgrave Macmillan.

Flood and Dyson, 2007 Flood, M. , & Dyson, S. (2007). Sport, athletes, and violence against women. NTV Journal, 4(3).

Flynn, 2015 Flynn, A. (2015). Sexual violence and innovative responses to justice: Interrupting the recognisable narrative. In A. Powell , N. Henry , & A. Flynn (Eds.), Rape justice beyond the criminal law (pp. 92112). Palgrave Macmillan.

Fraser, 1994 Fraser, F. (1994). Mad Frank: Memoirs of a life of crime. Little Brown and Company.

Fraser and Morton, 2001 Fraser, F. , & Morton, J. (2001). Mad Frank's London. Virgin.

Fraser, 1992 Fraser, N. (1992). Rethinking the public sphere: A contribution to the critique of actually existing democracy. In C. J. Calhoun (Ed.), Habermas and the public sphere (p. 123). MIT Press.

Fraser and Nicholson, 1988 Fraser, N. , & Nicholson, L. (1988). Social criticism without philosophy: An encounter between feminism and postmodernism. Theory, Culture & Society, 5(2–3), 373394.

Freeman, 2018 Freeman, H. (2018, January 26). How was Larry Nassar able to abuse so many gymnasts for so long?. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/jan/26/larry-nassar-abuse-gymnasts-scandal-culture

Frolo, 2021 Frolo, N. (2021, September 27) Social media cycles, feminism and violence against women. Zora. https://zora.medium.com/social-media-cycles-feminism-and-violence-against-women-c2d54aff8c3e. Accessed on March 20, 2024.

Gámez Fuentes et al., 2016 Gámez Fuentes, M. J. , Gómez Nicolau, E. , & Maseda García, R. (2016). Celebrities, violencia degénero y derechos de las mujeres: ¿hacia una transformación del marco de reconocimiento?. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 71, 833852.

Gardaphe, 2008 Gardaphe, F. (2008). From wiseguys to wise men: The gangster and Italian American masculinities. Routledge.

Garcia-Del Moral, 2011 Garcia-Del Moral, P. (2011). Representation as a technology of violence: On the representation of the murders and disappearances of aboriginal women in Canada and women in Ciudad Juarez. Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies/Revue Canadienne des Études Latino-Americaines et Caraibes, 36(72), 3362.

Gastón-Lorente and Gómez-Baceiredo, 2022 Gastón-Lorente, L. , & Gómez-Baceiredo, B. (2022). Fiction as an ally to make journalism more believable: Rape, trauma & secondary victimization in the Netflix miniseries ‘Unbelievable’. Feminist Media Studies, 11(5), 134151.

Gelsthorpe and Morris, 1990 Gelsthorpe, L. , & Morris, A. (1990). Feminist perspectives in criminology. Open University Press.

Geraghty and Weissmann, 2018 Geraghty, C. , & Weissmann, E. (2018). Women, soap opera and new generations of feminists. Critical Studies in Television, 11(3), 365384.

Gerritty, 2019 Gerritty, S. (2019, July 18). Blinded by the white: Race and the exceptionalizing of Ted Bundy. Nursing Clio. https://nursingclio.org/2019/07/18/blinded-by-the-white-race-and-the-exceptionalizing-of-ted-bundy/

Gilchrist, 2010 Gilchrist, K. (2010). “Newsworthy” victims? Exploring differences in Canadian local press coverage of missing/murdered Aboriginal and White women. Feminist Media Studies, 10, 373390.

Gilligan, 1993 Gilligan, C. (1993). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Harvard University Press.

Gilmore, 2017 Gilmore, L. (2017). Tainted witness. Why we doubt what women say about their lives. Columbia University.

Gordon, 2023 Gordon, E. A. (2023, May 17). Research reveals why women love true crime. Magellan. https://www.magellantv.com/articles/research-reveals-why-women-love-true-crime

Graham, 2006 Graham, R. (2006). Male rape and the careful construction of the male victim. Social & Legal Studies, 15(2), 187208.

Greer, 2017 Greer, A. (2017). Murder, she spoke: The female voice's ethics of evocation and spatialisation in the true crime podcast. Sound Studies, 3(2), 152164.

Greer, 2017 Greer, C. (2017). News media, victims and crime. In P. Davies , P. Francis , & C. Greer (Eds.), Victims, crime and society. Sage.

Greer and Reiner, 2015 Greer, C. , & Reiner, R. (2015). Mediated mayhem: Media, crime and criminal justice. In M. Maguire , R. Morgan , & R. Reiner (Eds.), Oxford handbook of criminology (5th ed., pp. 245278). Oxford University Press.

Gross, 2008 Gross, K. (2008). Framing persuasive appeals: Episodic and thematic framing, emotional response, and policy opinion. Political Psychology, 29, 169192.

Hagan, 1990 Hagan, J. (1990). The structuration of gender and deviance: A power-control theory of vulnerability to crime and the search for deviant role exits. Canadian Review of Sociology, 27, 137156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618X.1990.tb00448.x

Hall, 2002 Hall, S. (2002). Daubing the drudges of fury: Men, violence & the piety of the hegemonic masculinity thesis. Theoretical Criminology, 6(1), 3561.

Hartill, 2013 Hartill, M. (2013). Concealment of child sexual abuse in sports . Quest, 65(2), 241254.

Hartill et al., 2021 Hartill, M. , Rulofs, B. , Lang, M. , Vertommen, T. , Allroggen, M. , Cirera, E. , Diketmueller, R. , Kampen, J. , Kohl, A. , Martin, M. , & Nanu, I. (2021). CASES: Child abuse in sport: European Statistics—Project report. E. H. University.

Havas and Horeck, 2021 Havas, J. E. , & Horeck, T. (2021). Netflix feminism: Binge-watching rape culture in Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt and Unbelievable. In M. Jenner (Ed.), Binge-watching and contemporary television Studies (pp. 253273). Edinburgh University Press.

Hearn, 1982 Hearn, J. (1982). Notes on patriarchy, professionalization and the semi-professions. Sociology, 16(2), 184202. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038582016002002

Heidensohn, 1996 Heidensohn, F. (1996). Women and crime. Bloomsbury.

Herman, 2021 Herman, D. (2021, March 18). Women, murder and race: Why do some matter more?. The Article. https://www.thearticle.com/women-murder-and-race-why-do-some-matter-more

Hesford, 1999 Hesford, W. S. (1999). Reading rape stories: Material rhetoric and the trauma of representation. College English, 62(2), 192221.

Hess, 2018 Hess, A. (2018, February 16). The transgressive appeal of the comedy murder podcast. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/16/arts/television/the-transgressive-appeal-of-the-comedy-murder-podcast.html

Heyes, 1997 Heyes, C. J. (1997). Anti-essentialism in practice: Carol Gilligan and feminist philosophy. Hypatia, 12(3), 142163. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3810226

Hoffman and Hobbs, 2021 Hoffman, M. , & Hobbs, S. (2021). ‘Stay sexy and don't get murdered’: Depictions of female victimhood in post-Me Too true crime. In M. Mellins & S. Moore (Eds.), Critiquing violent crime in the media (pp. 2153). Palgrave Macmillan.

Hood Williams, 2001 Hood Williams, J. (2001). Gender, masculinities and crime: From structures to psyches. Theoretical Criminology, 5(1), 13624806.

hooks, 2004 hooks, B. (2004). We real cool: Black men and masculinity. Routledge.

Horeck, 2004 Horeck, T. (2004). Public rape: Representing violation in fiction and film. Routledge.

Horeck, 2019 Horeck, T. (2019). Justice on demand: True crime in the digital streaming era. Wayne University Press.

Horeck, 2024 Horeck, T. (2024). I’ll be gone in the dark: Feminism and the adaptation of true crime in the #MeToo era. New Review of Film and Television Studies, 22(1), 337359.

Horeck and Negra, 2022 Horeck, T. , & Negra, D. (2022). Reconsidering television true crime and gendered authority in Allen v. Farrow. Feminist Media Studies, 22(6), 15641569.

Horton, 2020 Horton, A. (2020, January 7). Surviving R. Kelly Part II: What can we learn from the horrifying update?. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jan/07/surviving-r-kelly-part-ii-the-reckoning

Independent Office for Police Conduct, 2021 Independent Office for Police Conduct . (2021, October 25). Failings identified in how the MPS handled missing persons for murdered sisters. IOPC.

Ingala Smith, 2022 Ingala Smith, k. (2022). Defending women's spaces. Polity Press.

Jacobsen, 2014 Jacobsen, M. H. (2014). The poetics of crime: Understanding and researching crime and deviance through creative sources. Routledge.

James and Morris, 2016 James, S. , & Morris, S. (2016, December 5). Football League warned all its clubs about Bob Higgins in 1989. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/dec/05/football-league-warned-all-its-clubs-about-bob-higgins-in-1989

Javaid, 2015 Javaid, A. (2015). The dark side of men: The nature of masculinity and its uneasy relationship with male rape. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 23(3), 271292.

Javaid, 2017 Javaid, A. (2017). The unknown victims: Hegemonic masculinity, masculinities, and male sexual victimisation. Sociological Research Online, 22(1), 1.

Jeanis and Powers, 2016 Jeanis, M. N. , & Powers, R. A. (2016). Newsworthiness of missing persons cases: An analysis of selection bias, disparities in coverage, and the narrative framework of news reports. Deviant Behavior, 38, 668683.

Jefferson, 2002 Jefferson, T. (2002). Subordinating hegemonic masculinity. Theoretical Criminology, 6(1), 6388.

Jeffrey Epstein, 2020 Jeffrey Epstein: Filthy rich (2020) [Docuseries] Lisa Bryant. Dir. Netflix.

Jenkins, 1994 Jenkins, P. (1994). Using murder: The social construction of serial homicide. Routledge.

Jermyn, 2017 Jermyn, D. (2017). Silk blouses & fedoras: The female detective, contemporary TV crime drama and the predicaments of postfeminism. Crime, Media, Culture, 13(3), 259276.

Jewkes, 2011 Jewkes, Y. (2011). Autoethnography and emotion as intellectual resources: Doing prison research differently. Qualitative Inquiry, 18, 6375.

Jiwani and Young, 2006 Jiwani, Y. , & Young, M. (2006). Missing and murdered women: Reproducing marginality in news discourse. Canadian Journal of Communication, 31(4), 895918.

Joyce, 2018 Joyce, G. (2018, June 28). Podcast audiences: Why are women such big fans of true crime podcasts?. Brandwatch. https://www.brandwatch.com/blog/react-podcast-audiences/

Kalman Lamb, 2020 Kalman Lamb, N. (2020). “I hate Christian Laettner” & the persistence of hegemonic masculinity and heteronormativity in sporting cultures. In R. Magrath , J. Cleland , & E. Anderson (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of masculinity and sport (pp. 241261). Palgrave.

Katz, 1988 Katz, J. (1988). Seductions of crime. Basic Books.

Katz, 1999 Katz, J. (1999). How emotions work. University of Chicago Press.

Kay, 2020 Kay, J. B. (2020). Gender, media and voice: Communicative injustice and public speech. Springer.

Keller et al., 2018 Keller, J. , Mendes, K. , & Ringrose, J. (2018). Speaking ‘unspeakable things’: Documenting digital feminist responses to rape culture. Journal of Gender Studies, 27(1), 2236.

Kelly, 1987 Kelly, L. (1987). The continuum of sexual violence. In J. Hanmer & M. Maynard (Eds.), Women, violence and social control. Macmillan.

Kia-Keating et al., 2005 Kia-Keating, M. , Grossman, F. K. , Sorsoli, L. , & Epstein, M. (2005). Containing and resisting masculinity: Narratives of renegotiation among resilient male survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 6(3), 169185.

Kimmel, 1994 Kimmel, M. (1994). Homophobia as masculinity: Fear, shame and silence in the construction of gender identity. In H. Brod & M. Kaufman (Eds.), Theorizing masculinities (pp. 223242). Sage Publications.

Klinger, 2018 Klinger, B. (2018). Streaming. CFP: Themed section of Particip@tions. Journal of Audience and Reception Studies. https://networks.h-net.org/node/14467/discussions/1999112/journal-audience-and-reception-studies

Koenig, 2014 Koenig, S. (2014). Serial Season 1. [Podcast].

Kruttschnitt, 2013 Kruttschnitt, C. (2013). Gender and crime. Annual Review of Sociology, 39, 291308. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145605

Larke-Walsh, 2019 Larke-Walsh, G. (2019). The King's shilling: How Peaky Blinders uses the experience of war to justify toxic masculinity. The Journal of Popular Television, 7(1), 3956.

Larke-Walsh, 2021 Larke-Walsh, G. S. (2021). Injustice narratives in a post-truth society: Emotional discourses and social purpose in Southwest of Salem: The story of the San Antonio four. Studies in Documentary Film, 15(1), 89104.

Latif, 2023 Latif, L. (2023, April 3). Surviving R. Kelly part III: The final chapter review – This glorious series has helped to make history. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2023/apr/03/surviving-r-kelly-part-iii-the-final-chapter-review-documentary

Laurie, 2015 Laurie, T. (2015). Masculinity studies and the jargon of strategy. Angelaki: Journal of Theoretical Humanities, 20(1), 1330.

Lawlor, 2015 Lawlor, A. (2015). Framing immigration in the Canadian and British news media. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue Canadienne de Science Politique, 48(2), 329355. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24810924

Lawlor and Tolley, 2017 Lawlor, A. , & Tolley, E. (2017, February). Deciding who's legitimate: News media framing of immigrants and refugees. International Journal of Communication, 11, 25. ISSN 1932-8036. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/6273

Lawther et al., 2022 Lawther, C. , Killean, R. , & Dempster, L. (2022). Making (in?)visible: Selectivity, visibility and authenticity in Cambodia's sites of atrocity. Journal of Genocide Research, 24(1), 4570.

LeBor, 2020 LeBor, A. (2020, August 23). Too many women are being murdered: Why crime writers need to move on from serial femicide. The Critic.

Leo, 2009 Leo, J. (2009). Rape. Feminist Press.

Leung and Williams, 2019 Leung, R. , & Williams, R. (2019). #MeToo and intersectionality: An examination of the #MeToo movement through the R. Kelly scandal. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 43(4), 349371.

Linnemann, 2015 Linnemann, T. (2015). Capote's Ghosts: Violence, media and the spectre of suspicion. British Journal of Criminology, 55(3), 514533.

Livingstone, 2009 Livingstone, J. (2009). Audiences for crime media 1946-1991: A historical approach to reception studies. The Communication Review, 2(4), 165192.

Livingstone et al., 2001 Livingstone, S. , Allen, J. , & Reiner, R. (2001). The audience for crime media: 1946–1991: A historical approach to reception studies. The Communication Review, 2(4), 165192.

Lowman, 2000 Lowman, J. (2000). Violence and the outlaw status of street prostitution in Canada. Violence Against Women, 6(9), 9871011.

Luzong, 2022 Luzong, A. (2022, July 16) Murder is girl talk: Why women love true crime. A Little Bit Human. https://www.alittlebithuman.com/why-women-love-true-crime/. Accessed on May 7, 2024.

Mac and Smith, 2018 Mac, J. , & Smith, M. (2018). Revolting prostitutes: The fight for sex workers' rights. Verso.

MacFarland, 2023 MacFarland, M. (2023, January 8). “It took a hell to get there”: The legacy of “Surviving R. Kelly” bringing down a predator. Salon. https://www.salon.com/2023/01/08/surviving-r-kelly-the-final-chapter/

Macfarlane-Horn, 2023 Macfarlane-Horn, J. (2023, March 23) Rana Plaza 10 years on: Fast fashion, lesson forgotten. British Society of Criminology Blog. https://thebscblog.wordpress.com/2023/03/23/rana-plaza-10-years-on-fast-fashion-lesson-forgotten/. Accessed on May 15, 2024.

Macfarlane-Horn, Macfarlane-Horn, J. (n.d.) Amazon: When a crime is not a crime. Open University: Harm and Research Collaborative Blog. https://www5.open.ac.uk/research-centres/herc/blog/amazon-when-crime-not-crime. Accessed on May 15, 2024.

Magrath et al., 2020 Magrath, R. , Clelland, J. , & Anderson, E. (2020). Introducing the handbook of masculinity & sport. In R. Magrath , J. Cleland , & E. Anderson (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of masculinity and sport (pp. 117). Palgrave.

Maguire, 2016 Maguire, D. (2016). Learning to serve time: Troubling spaces of working class masculinities in the UK. PhD thesis. University of Oxford.

Making a Murderer, 2015 Making a Murderer (2015–2018) [Documentary] L. Ricciardi and M. Demos, Synthesis Films.

Mangan, 2019 Mangan, L. (2019, January 24). Conversations with a killer: The Ted Bundy Tapes review. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2019/jan/24/conversations-with-killer-ted-bundy-tapes-review

Mangan, 2021 Mangan, L. (2021, March 22). Football's Darkest Secret review: Spare & unrelenting. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/mar/22/footballs-darkest-secret-review-spare-and-unrelenting

Mardorossian, 2014 Mardorossian, C. M. (2014). Framing the rape victim: Gender and agency reconsidered. Rutgers University Press.

Marks, 2017 Marks, A. (2017, February 21). How a true-crime podcast became a mental health support group. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/02/the-true-crime-podcast-turned-mental-health-support-group/517200/

Maruna, 2001 Maruna, S. (2001). Making good: How ex-convicts reform and rebuild their lives. American Psychological Association.

Mason, 2022 Mason, M. (2022, October 14). I'm conflicted by my love of true crime. Refinery29.

Mayr, 2012 Mayr, A. (2012). Chopper: From the inside: Discourses of the ‘celebrity’ criminal Mark Brandon Read. Language and Literature, 21(3), 260273.

McAdams, 1993 McAdams, D. P. (1993). The stories we live by: Personal myths and the making of the self. William Morrow & Co.

McCabe et al., 2006 McCabe, A. C. , Ingram, R. , & Dato-on, M. C. (2006). The business of ethics and gender. Journal of Business Ethics, 64, 101116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-3327-x

McCabe, 2022 McCabe, R. (2022). Conversations with a killer: The Ted Bundy tapes and affective responses to the true crime documentary. Studies in Documentary Film, 16(1), 3854.

McGlynn, 2022 McGlynn, C. M. S. (2022). Challenging anti-carceral feminism: Criminalisation, justice and continuum thinking. Women Studies International Forum, 10(93), 19.

McGlynn and Westmarland, 2019 McGlynn, C. , & Westmarland, N. (2019). Kaleidoscopic justice: Sexual violence and victim-survivors’ perceptions of justice. Social & Legal Studies, 28(2), 179201. https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2014/jun/30/women-crime-fiction-real-anxieties-metaphorical

McIntosh, 2015 McIntosh, H. (2015). Introduction: The intersections of documentary and gendered violence. In L. M. Cucklanz & H. McIntosh (Eds.), Documenting gendered violence: Representations, collaborations and movements (pp. 124). Bloomsbury Academic.

McNamara, 2018 McNamara, M. (2018). I’ll be gone in the dark: One woman's obsessive search for the Golden State Killer. Faber.

Menis, 2021 Menis, S. (2021). The deceased accused and the victim as a commodity: Jimmy Savile as a case study to examine the role of the real-crime documentary in reproducing violence as entertainment. In M. Mellins & S. Moore (Eds.), Critiquing violent crime in the media (pp. 2153). Palgrave Macmillan.

Menzel, 2018 Menzel, A. (2018). The perils of recognising local agency: A situational concept of agency and the case of victims of sexual violence and the Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). Journal of International Relations and Development. Epub ahead of print 26 October 2018. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-018-0166-9

Messner, 1992 Messner, P. (1992). Power at play: Sports and the problem of masculinity. Beacon Press.

Miller and Mullins, 2008 Miller, J. , & Mullins, C. (2008). The status of feminist theories in criminology. In F. T. Cullin , J. P. Wright , & K. R. Blevins (Eds.), Taking stock: The Status of criminological theory (pp. 217251). Routledge.

Ministry of Justice, 2022 Ministry of Justice . (2022). Women and the criminal justice system 2022. Ministry of Justice.

Mishra and Shewan, 2023 Mishra, S. , & Shewan, K. (2023). Surviving R. Kelly: A budding space for Black feminist discourses?. Feminist Media Studies, 1–17. Online first. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2023.2241117

Modleski, 1980 Modleski, T. (1980). The disappearing act: A study of Harlequin romances. Signs, 5(Spring), 435448.

Modleski, 2016 Modleski, T. (2016). Remastering the master: Hitchcock after feminism. New Literary History, 47(1), 135158. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24772801

Monk, 1999 Monk, C. (1999). From underworld to underclass: Crime and British cinema in the 1990s. In S. Chibnall & R. Murphy (Eds.), British crime cinema (pp. 172189). Routledge.

Monroe, 2020 Monroe, J. (2020). Savage appetites: True stories of women, crime and obsession. Scribner.

Moody et al., 2008 Moody, M. N. , Dorries, B. , & Blackwell, H. (2008). The invisible damsel: Differences in how national media outlets framed the coverage of missing black and white women in the mid-2000s. In Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Moore, 2011 Moore, B. (2011). A Prayer Before Dawn: A nightmare in Thailand. Bamboo Sinfonia.

Moore, 2014 Moore, S. (2014, August 27). Poor children are seen as worthless, as Rotherham's abuse scandal shows. The Guardian.

Mopas and Moore, 2012 Mopas, M. , & Moore, D. (2012). Talking heads and bleeding hearts: Newsmaking, emotion and public criminology in the wake of a sexual assault. Critical Criminology, 20, 183196.

Mortimer et al., 2021 Mortimer, S. , Fileborn, B. , & Henry, N. (2021). Beyond formal ethics reviews: Reframing the potential harms of sexual violence research. Australian Feminist Studies, 36(108), 142155.

Moss, 2018 Moss, J. L. (2018). The forgotten victims of missing white woman syndrome: An examination of legal measures that contribute to the lack of search and recovery of missing black girls and women. William and Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice, 25, 737762.

Muchnick, 2021 Muchnick, I. (2021, June 26). ‘Troubled waters’: US swimming's struggle to cover up its sexual abuse crisis. Salon. https://www.salon.com/2021/06/26/troubled-waters-usa-swimmings-struggle-to-cover-up-its-sexual-abuse-crisis/. Accessed on November 29, 2023.

Mulvey, 1975 Mulvey, L. (1975) Laura Mulvey, visual pleasure and narrative cinema, Screen. 16, (3, Autumn), 618.

Mureithi, 2021 Mureithi, A. (2021, September 24). Why isn't Sabine Nessa getting the attention Sarah Everard did?. Open Democracy. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/why-isnt-sabina-nessa-getting-the-attention-sarah-everard-did/

Murley, 2008 Murley, J. (2008). The rise of true crime: Twentieth century murder and American popular culture. Routledge.

Murley, 2019 Murley, J. (2019). Aftermath: The true crime memoir comes of age. In D. Akrivos & A. Antoniou (Eds.), Crime, deviance and popular culture: International and multi-disciplinary perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan.

Murphy, 2019 Murphy, W. F. (2019). Investigating the incidence of sexual assault in martial arts coaching using media reports. Digital Investigation, 30, 9093.

Neely, 2015 Neely, C. L. (2015). You’re dead so what? Media, police and the invisibility of Black women as victims of homicide. Michigan State University Press.

Nelson, 2017 Nelson, F. (2017). The girl dead. Girlhood Studies, 10(3 winter), 3953.

Nevin and O'Connor, 2022 Nevin, B. , & O'Connor, A. (2022). Nicholas Winding Refn's abject male: Inhibiting spectator-identification in Bronson and Drive . SubStance, 51(2), 3860.

Newburn and Stanko, 1994 Newburn, T. , & Stanko, E. (1994). When men are victims: The failure of victimology. In T. Newburn & E. Stanko (Eds.), Just boys doing business: Men, masculinities and crime (pp. 153166). Routledge.

Newsinger, 1997 Newsinger, B. (1997). Dangerous men: The SAS and popular culture. Pluto.

Nite and Nauright, 2020 Nite, C. , & Nauright, J. (2020). Examining institutional work that perpetuates abuse in sport organizations. Sport Management Review, 23(1), 117129.

Ohlert et al., 2020 Ohlert, J. , Rau, T. , Rulofs, B. , & Allroggen, M. (2020). Comparison of elite athletes' sexual violence experiences in and outside sport. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 50(4), 435443.

O'Leary et al., 2017 O'Leary, P. , Easton, S. D. , & Gould, N. (2017). The effect of child sexual abuse on men: Toward a male sensitive measure. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(3), 423445.

Oleszcuk, 2020 Oleszcuk, A. (2020). #Hashtag: How selected texts of popular culture engaged with sexual assault in the context of the Me Too movement in 2019. New Horizons in English Studies, 5.

Oliver Conroy, 2019 Oliver Conroy, J. (2019, August 20). Why are women so obsessed with true crime? Rachel Monroe has some answers. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/aug/20/rachel-monroe-savage-appetites-true-crime-book-interview

O'Neill, 2010 O'Neill, M. (2010). Cultural criminology and sex work: Resisting regulation through radical democracy and participatory action research. Journal of Law and Society, 37(1), 210232.

O'Neill, 2004 O'Neill, T. (2004). Red army general: Leading Britain's biggest hooligan firm. Milo.

Owen, 1995 Owen, J. (1995). Women-talk and men-talk: Defining and resisting victim status. In R. E. Dobash , R. P. Dobash , & L. Noaks (Eds.), Gender and crime (pp. 4668). University of Wales Press.

Palmater, 2016 Palmater, P. (2016). Shining light on the dark places: Addressing police racism and sexualised violence against indigenous women and girls in the national inquiry. Canadian Journal of Women and the Law, 28(2), 253284.

Palmer-Mehta, 2018 Palmer-Mehta, V. (2018). The subversive power of survivor rhetoric: An innovative archive of survivor discourse in New York Magazine. Women's Studies in Communication, 41(2), 159182.

Pâquet, 2021 Pâquet, L. (2021). Seeking justice elsewhere: Informal and formal justice in the true crime podcasts Trace and The Teacher's Pet. Crime, Media, Culture, 17(3), 421437.

Parent and Demers, 2011 Parent, S. , & Demers, G. (2011). Sexual abuse in sport: A model to prevent and protect athletes. Child Abuse Review, 20(2), 120133. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.1135

Parent and Vaillancourt-Morel, 2021 Parent, S. , & Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P. (2021). Magnitude and risk factors for interpersonal violence experienced by Canadian teenagers in the sport context. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 45(6), 528544.

Parker et al., 1988 Parker, H. , Bakx, K. , & Newcombe, R. (1988). Living with heroin: The impact of a drugs ‘epidemic’ on an English community. Open University Press.

Pavelko and Myrick, 2020 Pavelko, R. L. , & Gall Myrick, J. (2020). Muderinos and media effects: How the My Favorite Murder podcast and its social media community may promote well-being in audiences with mental illness. Journal of Radio & Audio Media, 27(1), 151169.

Pearson, 2015 Pearson, J. (2015). The profession of violence: The rise and fall of the Kray twins. William Collins.

Penfold-Mounce, 2009 Penfold-Mounce, R. (2009). Celebrity culture and crime: The joy of transgression. Palgrave Macmillan.

Penfold-Mounce, 2016 Penfold-Mounce, R. (2016). Corpses, popular culture and forensic science: Public obsession with death. Mortality, 21(1), 1935.

Pennant, 2008 Pennant, C. (2008). Cass. John Blake Publishing.

Philadelphoff-Puren, 2004 Philadelphoff-Puren, N. (2004). Dereliction: Women, rape and football. Australian Feminist Law Journal, 21, 3551.

Phillips, 2006 Phillips, M. S. (2006). History, memory, and historical distance. In P. Seixas (Ed.), Theorizing historical consciousness (pp. 86102). University of Toronto Press.

Phillips and Bowling, 2007 Phillips, C. , & Bowling, B. (2007). Ethnicities, racism, crime and criminal justice. In M. Maguire , R. Morgan , & R. Reiner (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of criminology (4th ed.). OUP.

Phipps, 2009 Phipps, A. (2009). Rape and respectability: Ideas about sexual violence and social class. Sociology, 43, 667683.

Phoenix, 2008 Phoenix, A. (2008). Analysing narrative contexts. In M. Andrews , C. Squire , & M. Tamboukou (Eds.), Doing narrative research (pp. 4156). Sage.

Plummer, 1996 Plummer, K. (1996). Telling sexual stories: Power, change and social worlds. Routledge.

Posey, 2023 Posey, B. M. (2023). Black femicides matter: Conceptualizing the killings of black girls and women as structural and cultural violence. Homicide Studies, 0(0).

Poulton, 2012 Poulton, E. (2012). Not another hooligan story: Learning from narratives of true crime and desistance. Internet Journal of Criminology, 1–20. https://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/

Powell, 2015 Powell, A. (2015). Seeking rape justice: Formal and informal responses to sexual violence through technosocial counter-publics. Theoretical Criminology, 19(4), 571588.

Powell et al., 2015 Powell, A. , Henry, N. , & Flynn, A. (2015). Rape justice beyond the criminal law. Palgrave Macmillan.

Presser, 2009 Presser, L. (2009). The narratives of offenders. Theoretical Criminology, 13(2), 177200. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480609102878

Presser and Sandberg, 2015 Presser, L. , & Sandberg, S. (Eds.) (2015), Narrative criminology: Understanding the stories of crime. New York University Press.

Projansky, 2001 Projansky, S. (2001). Film and television in postfeminist culture. NYU Press.

Pullum, 2012 Pullum, G. (2012, January 27). Shock: Writer avoids mentioning passive. Lingua Franca. http://chronicle.com/blogs/linguafranca/2012/01/27/shockwriter-avoids-mentioning-passive/

Quinney, 2000 Quinney, R. (2000). Bearing witness to crime and social justice. SUNY Press.

Radway, 1982 Radway, J. (1982). Reading the romance: Women, patriarchy and popular literature. University of Carolina Press.

Radway, 1984 Radway, J. A. (1984). Interpretive communities and variable literacies: The functions of romance reading. Dædalus, 113, 4973.

Rafter, 2007 Rafter, N. (2007). Crime, film and criminology: Recent sex-crime movies. Theoretical Criminology, 11(3), 403420.

Rafter and Brown, 2012 Rafter, N. , & Brown, M. (2012). Criminology goes to the movies: Crime theory and popular culture. New York University Press.

Rauch, 2007 Rauch, J. (2007). Activists as interpretive communities: Rituals of consumption and interaction in an alternative media audience. Media, Culture & Society, 29(6), 9941013.

Rawle, 2022 Rawle, E. (2022, May 12). A look at true crime content from a feminist perspective. One Woman Project. https://www.onewomanproject.org/media-and-entertainment/a-look-at-true-crime-content-from-a-feminist-fan

Rawlings, 1998 Rawlings, P. (1998) True crime. J. Vagg and T. Newburn (Eds.) British criminology conferences (Vol. 1). www.britsoccrim.org/volume1/010.pdf. Accessed on October 10, 2022.

Rawlinson, 2008 Rawlinson, K. (2008, April 8). Sabine Nessa murder: Koci Selamaj jailed for a minimum of 36 years. The Guardian.

Ray, 2018 Ray, L. (2018). Violence and society. Sage.

Raymen, 2018 Raymen, T. (2018). Living in the end times through popular culture: An ultra-realist analysis of The Walking Dead as popular criminology. Crime, Media, Culture, 14(3), 429447. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659017721277

Redhead, 2013 Redhead, S. (2013). Terrace banter: Researching football hooligan memoirs. Sport in Society, 18(3), 313328.

Reese, 2001 Reese, S. D. (2001). Prologue framing public life: A bridging model for media research. In S. Reese , O. Gandy , & A. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world (pp. 731). Lawrence Erlbaum.

Richardson, 2014 Richardson, C. (2014). The last gangster: My final confession. Arrow.

Richardson and Long, 1992 Richardson, C. , & Long, B. (1992). My manor: An autobiography. Pan.

Rieser, 2001 Rieser, K. (2001). Masculinity and monstrosity: Characterization and identification in the slasher film. Men and Masculinities, 3(4), 370392.

Rogatis, 2019 Rogatis, J. (2019). Soulless: The case against R. Kelly. Abrams Press.

Rossmanith, 2014 Rossmanith, K. (2014). Plots and artefacts: Courts and criminal evidence in the production of true crime writing. Australian Feminist Law Review, 40(1), 97111.

Rubenhold, 2018 Rubenhold, H. (2018). The five: The untold lives of the women killed by Jack the Ripper. Transworld Publishing.

Ruggiero, 2003 Ruggiero, V. (2003). Crime in literature: Sociology of deviance and fiction. Verso.

Saker, 2021 Saker, A. (2021). The experiences of male victims of non-recent child sexual abuse in football within the criminal justice system. Final Report. University of Oxford.

Saker, 2022 Saker, A. (2022). Narratives, identity and cases of child sexual abuse in football. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. University of Oxford.

Sales, 2023 Sales, N. (2023, July 5). Why do women love true crime so much? I have a theory. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/jul/05/women-love-true-crime-podcasts-theory-serial-online-dating

Sandberg et al., November Sandberg, S. , Tutenges, S. , & Copes, H. (2015, November). Stories of violence: A narrative criminological study of ambiguity. British Journal of Criminology, 55(6), 11681186. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azv032

Sanderson and Weathers, 2019 Sanderson, J. , & Weathers, M. R. (2019). “Every time someone comes forward, it makes it easier for the next survivor to be heard”: Sport as a triggering agent to break the silence of child sexual abuse. Communication Quarterly, 67, 3.

Schmid, 2008 Schmid, D. (2008). Natural born celebrities: Serial killers in American culture. Routledge.

Schwartz, 2021 Schwartz, M. D. (2021). Masculinities, sport and violence against women. The contribution of male peer support theory. Violence Against Women, 27(5), 688707.

Schwartz and Steffensmeier, 2017 Schwartz, J. , & Steffensmeier, D. (2017). Gendered opportunities and risk preferences for offending across the life course. Journal of Developmental Life Course Criminology, 3, 126150.

Schwartz et al., 2009 Schwartz, J. , Steffensmeier, D. , Zhong, H. , & Ackerman, J. (2009). Trends in the gender gap in violence: Reevaluating NCVS and other evidence. Criminology, 47(2), 401425.

Seltzer, 2008 Seltzer, M. (2008). True crime: Observations on violence and modernity. Routledge.

Seltzer, 1998 Seltzer, M. (1998). Serial killers: Life and death in America's wound culture. Routledge.

Serisier, 2018 Serisier, T. (2018). Speaking out: Feminism, rape and narrative politics. Palgrave Macmillan.

Sheldon, 2021 Sheldon, C. (2021). Independent review into child sexual abuse in football 1970-2005. Football Association. https://www.11kbw.com/content/uploads/independent-review-into-child-sexual-abuse-in-football-1970-2005.pdf

Sills et al., 2016 Sills, S. , Pickens, C. , Beach, K. , Jones, L. , Calder-Dawe, O. , Benton-Greig, P. , & Gavey, N. (2016). Rape culture and social media: Young critics and a feminist counterpublic. Feminist Media Studies, 16(6), 935951.

Skogan and Maxfield, 1981 Skogan, W. G. , & Maxfield, M. G. (1981). Coping with crime: Individual and neighborhood reactions. SAGE Publications.

Skolnik, 2017 Skolnik, J. (2017, July 19). I survived domestic violence. Now I'm drawn to true crime podcasts. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/19/opinion/i-survived-domestic-violence-now-i-love-true-crime-podcasts.html?

Slakoff, 2022 Slakoff, D. C. (2022). The mediated portrayal of intimate partner violence in true crime podcasts: Isolation, strangulation, threats of violence and coercive control. Violence Against Women, 28(6–7), 16591683.

Slakoff and Brennan, 2019 Slakoff, D. C. , & Brennan, P. K. (2019). The differential representation of Latina and Black female victims in front-page news stories: A qualitative document analysis. Feminist Criminology, 14(4), 488516.

Slakoff and Duran, 2023 Slakoff, D. C. , & Duran, D. (2023). A new media frontier, or more of the same? A descriptive analysis of the “missing white woman syndrome” in top true crime podcasts. Race and Justice, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/21533687231199271

Smart, 1989 Smart, C. (1989). Feminism and the power of the law. Routledge.

Smith, 1999 Smith, M. (1999). Gangsters, cannibals, aesthetes or apparently perverse allegiances. In C. Smith (Ed.), Passionate views, film, cognition and emotion (pp. 217239). John Hopkins University Press.

Smith, 2000 Smith, J. (2000). Hitchcock: Suspense, humour and tone (p. 6). British Film Institute.

Smith, 2013 Smith, J. (2013). Misogynies: Reflections on myth and malice. Fawcett Columbine.

Smith and Pegoraro, 2020 Smith, L. R. , & Pegoraro, A. (2020). Media framing of Larry Nassar and the USA Gymnastics child sex abuse scandal. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 29(4), 373392.

Snell and Tombs, 2011 Snell, K. , & Tombs, S. (2011). ‘How do you get your voice heard when no-one will let you?’ Victimization at work. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 11(3), 207223. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895811401985

Snitow, 1979 Snitow, A. B. (1979). Mass market romances: Pornography for women is different. Radical History Review, (Spring/Summer), 150.

Sokołowska-Paryż, 2019 Sokołowska-Paryż, M. (2019). The truth (?) of wartime rape: Memory, form, and meaning in Helke Sand's Liberators Take Liberties and Wojciech Tochman's Today We’re Going to Draw Death . Violence Against Women, 25(13), 15941612.

Solea and Sugiura, 2023 Solea, A. I. , & Sugiura, L. (2023). Mainstreaming the blackpill: Understanding the incel community on TikTok. European Journal of Crime Policy Research, 29, 311336.

Sontag, 2007 Sontag, S. (2007). Regarding the pain of others. Picador.

Sparks, 1992 Sparks, R. (1992). Television and the drama of crime: Moral tales and the place of crime in public life. Open University Press.

Sparks, 1996 Sparks, R. (1996). Masculinity and heroism in the Hollywood “blockbuster”: The culture industry and contemporary images of crime and law enforcement. British Journal of Criminology, 36(3), 348360. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23638032

Spelman, 1988 Spelman, E. V. (1988). Inessential woman: Problems of exclusion in feminist thought. Beacon Press.

Stacey, 1995 Stacey, J. (1995). Stargazing: Hollywood cinema and female spectatorship. Routledge.

Stanko, 1987 Stanko, E. (1987). Typical violence, normal precaution: Men, women and interpersonal violence in England, Wales, Scotland and the USA. In J. Hanmer & M. Maynard (Eds.), Women, violence and social control (pp. 121134). Macmillan.

Stanko, 1990 Stanko, E. A. (1990). Everyday violence: How women and men experience sexual and physical danger. Pandora.

Stanko, 1997 Stanko, E. A. (1997). Safety talk: Conceptualizing women's risk assessment as a ‘technology of the soul’. Theoretical Criminology, 1(4), 479499. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480697001004004

Stanko and Hobdell, 1993 Stanko, E. A. , & Hobdell, K. (1993). Assault on men: Masculinity and male victimization. British Journal of Criminology, 33(3), 400415. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23637803

The Staircase, 2004 The Staircase (2004–2018) [Documentary] Jean-Xavier de Lestrade, MaHa Productions.

Staudt, 2008 Staudt, K. (2008). Violence and activism at the border: Gender, fear and everyday life in Ciudad Juarez. University of Texas Press.

Stewart, 2019 Stewart, P. (2019). Damaged: My story. Trinity Mirror Sport Media.

Steffensmeier et al., 2013 Steffensmeier, D. J. , Schwartz, J. , & Roche, M. (2013). Gender and twenty-first-century corporate crime: Female involvement and the gender gap in Enron-era corporate frauds. American Sociological Review, 78(3), 448476.

Stillman, 2007 Stillman, S. (2007). ‘The missing white girl syndrome’: Disappeared women and media activism. Gender and Development, 15(3), 491502.

Strega et al., 2014 Strega, S. , Janzen, C. , Morgan, J. , Brown, C. , Thomas, R. , & Carriere, J. (2014). Never innocent victims: Street sex workers in Canadian print media. Violence Against Women, 20(1), 625.

Strick, 2021 Strick, K. (2021, March 12). Who was Sarah Everard and what do we know about her?. The Standard. https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/who-missing-sarah-everard-what-do-we-know-b923327.html

Surviving, 2018 Surviving R. Kelly Part I (2018) [Documentary] Bunim-Murray Productions.

Surviving, 2020 Surviving R. Kelly Part II: The reckoning (2020) [Documentary] Bunim-Murray Productions.

Surviving, 2023 Surviving R. Kelly Part III: The final chapter (2023) [Documentary] Bunim-Murray Productions.

Sweeney, 2010 Sweeney, M. (2010). Reading is my window: Books and the art of reading in women's prisons. University of North Carolina Press.

Taylor, 2016 Taylor, D. (2016, November 16). Andy Woodward: ‘It was the softer, weaker boys he targeted’. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/nov/16/andy-woodward

Thornton, 2004 Thornton, G. (2004). Casuals: Football, fighting and fashion the story of a Terrace Cult. Milo.

Touquet and Schulz, 2021 Touquet, H. , & Schulz, P. (2021). Navigating vulnerabilities and masculinities: How gendered contexts shape the agency of male sexual violence survivors. Security Dialogue, 52(3), 213230.

Tranchese, 2023 Tranchese, A. (2023). From Fritzl to #MeToo: Twelve years of rape coverage in the British press. Palgrave Macmillan.

Turiel, 1998 Turiel, E. (1998). The development of morality. In W. Damon & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed., pp. 863932). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Tuttle, 2019 Tuttle, K. (2019, July 16). Why do women love true crime?. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/16/books/review/kate-tuttle-true-crime-women.html

Uba, 2021 Uba, E. (2021, June 23). Sarah Everard's death is not only a brutal reminder of sexism, it's also a reminder of misogynoir. Young Diverse World Changers. https://www.ydwc.org/our-blog/sarah-everards-death-is-not-only-a-brutal-reminder-of-sexism-its-also-a-reminder-of-misogynoir

Umstead, 2017 Umstead, T. (2017, March 27). True crime confidential. Multi-Channel News. https://www.nexttv.com/news/true-crime-confidential-411745

Valentine, 1989 Valentine, G. (1989). The geography of women's fear. Area, 21(4), 385390. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20000063

Van Dijk, 1998 Van Dijk, T. A. (1998). Ideology: A multidisciplinary approach. Sage.

Vera-Gray, 2019 Vera-Gray, F. (2017). Men's intrusion, women's embodiment: A critical analysis of street harassment. Routledge.

Vera-Gray and Kelly, 2020 Vera-Gray, F. , & Kelly, L. (2020). Contested gendered space: Public sexual harassment and women's safety work. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 44(4), 265275.

Vinter et al., 2022 Vinter, R. , Syal, R. , & Dodd, V. (2022, August 22). “It's crazy and it needs to stop”: Shock and anger in Liverpool after a week of violence. The Guardian.

Wakeman, 2013 Wakeman, S. (2013). Fieldwork, biography and emotion: Doing criminological auto-ethnography. British Journal of Criminology, 54, 705721.

Wakeman, 2014 Wakeman, S. (2014). ‘No one wins. One side just loses more slowly’: The Wire and drug policy. Theoretical Criminology, 18(2), 224240. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480613512669

Walklate, 2017 Walklate, S. (2017). Defining victims and victimisation. In P. Davies , P. Francis , & C. Greer (Eds.), Victims, crime and society: An introduction (pp. 3048). Sage.

Walklate et al., 2019 Walklate, S. , Maher, J. , McCulloch, J. , Fitz-Gibbon, K. , & Beavis, K. (2019). Victim stories and victim policy: Is there a case for a narrative victimology?. Crime, Media, Culture, 15(2), 199215.

Walkowitz, 1982 Walkowitz, J. (1982). Jack the Ripper and the myth of male violence. Feminist Studies, 8(3), 542574.

Warkentin, 2010 Warkentin, E. (2010). ‘Jack the Ripper’ strikes again: The ‘Ipswich Ripper’ and the ‘vice girls’ he killed. Feminist Media Studies, 10, 3549.

Wattis, 2017 Wattis, L. (2017). Exploring gender and fear retrospectively: Stories of women's fear during the ‘Yorkshire Ripper’ murders. Gender, Place & Culture, 24(8), 10711089. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2017.1372384

Wattis, 2018 Wattis, L. (2018). Revisiting the Yorkshire Ripper murders: Histories of violence, gender and victimhood. Palgrave Macmillan.

Wattis, 2021 Wattis, L. (2021). Gender, true crime and the violent subject. In M. Mellins & S. Moore (Eds.), Critiquing violent crime in the media (pp. 279303). Palgrave Macmillan.

Wattis, 2022a Wattis, L. (2022a). Analysing local newspaper coverage of murders involving street sex workers. Feminist Media Studies, 22(2), 425440.

Wattis, 2022b Wattis, L. (2022b). The diminished figure of the serial killer in A Confession . In S. E. Fanning & C. O'Callaghan (Eds.), Serial killing on screen: Adaptation, true crime and popular culture (pp. 5777). Palgrave Macmillan.

Wattis, 2023 Wattis, L. T. (2023). The cultural scope and criminological potential of the “hardman story”. Crime, Media, Culture, 19(1), 4057.

Waugh, 1985 Waugh, T. (1985). Show us life: Towards a history and aesthetics of the committed documentary. Scarecrow Press.

Webb, 2021 Webb, L. (2021). True crime and danger narratives: Reflections on stories of violence, race, and (in)justice. Journal of Gender, Race and Justice, 24(1), 131170.

Webster, 2007 Webster, C. (2007). Understanding race and crime. Open University Press.

Wetherell and Edley, 1999 Wetherell, M. , & Edley, N. (1999). Negotiating hegemonic masculinity: Imaginary positions and psycho-discursive practices. Feminism & Psychology, 9(3), 335356. Print.

White, 2017 White, D. (2017). Shades of blue: The life of a Manchester City legend and the story that shook football. Michael O'Mara Books Limited.

Wilson, 2005 Wilson, C. P. (2005). “Where's Whitey?” Black Mass, ethnic criminality and the problem of the informant. Crime, Law and Social Change, 43, 175198.

Williams, 2018 Williams, Z. (2018, May 1). Are women responsible for all the sexual violence on screen? The Guardian.

Williamson Sinalo and Mandolini, 2023 Williamson Sinalo, C. , & Mandolini, N. (2023). Introduction. In C. Williamson Sinalo & N. Mandolini (Eds.), Representing gender-based violence: Global perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan.

Winlow and Hall, 2009 Winlow, S. , & Hall, S. (2009). Retaliate first: Memory, humiliation and male violence. Crime, Media, Culture, 5(3), 285304.

Wise and Stanley, 1987 Wise, S. , & Stanley, L. (1987). Georgie Porgie: Sexual harassment in everyday life. Pandora.

Wood, 2018 Wood, M. A. (2018). “I just wanna see someone get knocked the fuck out”: Spectating affray on Facebook fight pages. Crime, Media, Culture, 14(1).

Woodward, 2019 Woodward, A. (2019). Position of trust: A football dream betrayed. Coronet.

Wright, 2006 Wright, M. (2006). Disposable women and other myths of global, capitalism. Routledge.

Wykes and Welsh, 2008 Wykes, M. , & Welsh, K. (2008). Violence, gender and justice. Sage.

Yaeger, 1989 Yaeger, P. (1989). Consuming trauma; or, the pleasures of merely circulating. Journal X, 1(2), 226251.

Yardley, 2017 Yardley, E. (2017). Social media homicide confessions: Stories of killers and their victims. Bristol University Press.

Yardley et al., 2019 Yardley, E. , Kelly, E. , & Robinson-Edwards, S. (2019). Forever trapped in the imaginary of late capitalism? The serialised true crime podcast as a wakeup call in times of criminological slumber. Crime, Media, Culture, 15(3), 503521.

Young, 1998 Young, A. (1998). Imagining crime: Textual outlaws and criminal conversations. Routledge.

Young, 1997 Young, S. (1997). Changing the wor(l)d: Discourse, politics, and the feminist movement. Routledge.