Index
Bharati Mohapatra
(Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, India)
Sanjana Mohapatra
(University of Texas, USA)
Sanjay Mohapatra
(Xavier Institute of Management, India)
Process Automation Strategy in Services, Manufacturing and Construction
ISBN: 978-1-80455-144-8, eISBN: 978-1-80455-143-1
Publication date: 20 February 2023
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Mohapatra, B., Mohapatra, S. and Mohapatra, S. (2023), "Index", Process Automation Strategy in Services, Manufacturing and Construction, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 235-245. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-143-120231019
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2023 Bharati Mohapatra, Sanjana Mohapatra and Sanjay Mohapatra
INDEX
ABN AMRO Bank
, 20
Account payable (AP)
, 141–142
Account receivable (AR)
, 141–142
Account reconciliation
, 141–142
Accounting
accounting processes can be automated
, 141–144
companies automate accounting
, 144
impact of implementing RPA in accounting
, 144
main processes in
, 141
top five RPA use cases/applications in
, 141
Advanced Systems Integration (ASi)
, 118–119
Agile projects
, 75
Alternatives analysis
, 188
Analysts, aggregating
, 188
Analytics
, 159
Annual maintenance contract (AMC)
, 180
Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC)
, 218
Artificial intelligence (AI) (see also Business Intelligence (BI))
, 123, 140
AI-enabled bots
, 123
tools to back-office processes
, 158–159
Attendance management
, 164
Attended automation
, 157–158
Attended RPA
, 137
Augmented reality
, 140
Automation (see also Back-office automation)
, 1, 38, 145, 217
areas for adopting automation systems in construction
, 221–222
automated systems in construction industry
, 223
BizAPP virtualisation framework
, 6
challenge
, 3
for complete information system
, 70–75
of construction industry
, 218–221
of maximum possible business process
, 104
in MDM
, 36, 38
need for
, 64
obstacles to
, 65
in software project management
, 63–64
solution
, 3–5
thumb rule for automation
, 65
tools to back-office processes
, 158–159
unleashing information from existing solutions
, 5–6
Autonomous vehicles
, 227
Axapta
, 212–213
Back-office automation
benefits of
, 162
examples
, 159
Balanced scorecard approach, ROI using
, 189
Bank reconciliation
, 142
Banking
, 35
Batch processing
, 160
Best-of breed solutions
, 144
Bidding process
, 131, 178
Big data analytics
, 140
Bill of materials (BOMs)
, 137–138
Billing
, 2
BizAPP
, 6
model-driven virtualisation approach
, 6
virtualisation framework
, 6
BPEL
, 4
Bright Data’s data collector
, 146
British Airways
, 21
BS7799
, 105
Building information modelling (BIM)
, 217
Built-in cognitive capabilities
, 157
Business automation
automation challenge
, 3
BPA
, 2
BPMS
, 2
BPP
, 2–3
case study
, 7
return material authorisation platform for large retail chain
, 7–8
solution
, 3–5
unleashing information from existing solutions
, 5–6
Business data, relationship between MDM and
, 38–40
Business Intelligence (BI)
, 11–12, 33
ABN AMRO Bank
, 20
Ben & Jerry’s
, 21
benefits of
, 18
British Airways
, 21
case studies
, 20
data warehousing
, 12
environment and architecture
, 13
history of
, 12
host-based query and reporting
, 12
implementation
, 13
improving customer satisfaction
, 19
increasing revenue
, 19
KPIs for
, 19
leading risk insurance company
, 20
lowering cost
, 18–19
modelling
, 14–15
need for
, 13
ROI on
, 20
Business layer
, 104
Business management
, 1
Business modelling
, 14
Business models
, 1
Business planning
, 61
Business process
, 91
ERP improves productivity of
, 100–101
industries transformed by RPA
, 129
leveraging RPA for
, 128
modelling
, 14–15
models
, 15
RPA case studies
, 129
RPA use cases/application areas
, 128–129
Business Process Automation (BPA) (see also Robotic Process Automation (RPA))
, 2, 23, 100, 136
evolution of ERP as
, 93
integration of MDM and
, 38
Business Process Management (BPM)
, 78–79, 215
Business process management solutions (BPMS)
, 2
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
, 125
Business Process Platforms (BPP)
, 2, 6
Business Rules Engine (BRE)
, 38
Calendar-based collaboration software
, 163
Calendly AI systems
, 163
Candidate sourcing
, 163
Capital investment planning (CIP)
, 189
Central database
, 103
Centres of excellence (CoE)
, 155
Change Assistant
, 112
Change/issue management
, 73
Chief Information Officer (CIO)
, 192
changing role
, 194–196
role in ROI calculation
, 192
Citrix
, 124
CMMi
, 70, 80, 83–84, 86, 88, 105
Code analyser
, 108
Code based programming
, 154–155
Cognitive automation
, 157
Cognitive capabilities
, 157
Cognitive RPA
, 128
Cognitive/intelligent automation
, 130
Collaboration model
, 52
Communication channels
, 139
Company, The
, 68
Computer control (CC)
, 224
Computer vision enabled document automation
, 159
Computer-aided engineering and design (CAE/CAD)
, 221
Conceptual data modelling
, 15
Construction automation
, 219
Construction industry
areas for adopting automation systems in construction
, 221–222
challenges and opportunities in automation of construction industry
, 218–221
comparison between construction and automobile industry
, 220
drones and autonomous vehicles
, 227
exoskeleton
, 227–228
factors limiting adoption of robotics in construction
, 221
off-site automated prefabrication systems
, 222–223
on-site automated and robotic systems
, 224–227
Construction robots
, 220
Conversational AI systems
, 163
Corporate governance framework
, 40
Cost-benefits analysis
, 170
COVID-19
pandemic
, 123
tracking
, 146
Create, Read, Update, Destroy life-cycle (CRUD life-cycle)
, 24
Creditor account
, 99
Cultural/behavioural approach
, 50
Customer Data Integration (CDI)
, 37
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
, 2, 5, 13, 26, 106, 98, 199
Customisable automation solutions
, 144
Damgaard (Danish company)
, 108
Dashboards
, 18, 70–71
benefits of using
, 18
features of
, 18
scorecards
, 18
Data archiving
, 113
Data backup
, 160
Data entry
, 145
Data flow modelling (DFD)
, 14–15
Data management
, 139
Data marts
, 16, 26
Data migration
, 145, 160
Data mining
, 17
dashboard
, 18
life cycle
, 17
OLAP vs. data mining
, 17
Data modelling
, 15
Data warehouses
, 16, 26
Database Management System (DBMS)
, 107
Database OLAP (DOLAP)
, 16
Debugger query interface
, 108
Decision framework
, 186
Decision takers
, 167
Defect management
, 73–74
Degrees of Freedom (DoF)
, 226
Demand-driven resource management, right-sizing staff for
, 63
Desktop OLAP (DOLAP)
, 16
Digital imaging
, 217
Digité (tool for automation in software project management)
, 68
automation proposed for complete information system
, 70–75
dashboards
, 70
document management
, 72
Enterprise
, 70, 72
issues and problems with project management
, 69
IT Industry
, 68–69
PPM core functionality
, 74
proposed solution
, 70
Dimensional modelling
, 15
Discount rate
, 182
Document management
, 72–73
module of Digité Enterprise
, 72
system
, 105
Drones
, 227
E-Business Suite
, 107
E-service measuring benefits from
, 196
Employees
, 91
exit management
, 165
satisfaction
, 163
Employment history verification
, 163
End-to-end solutions
, 144
Enterprise data modelling
, 15
Enterprise Information Management (EIM)
, 24
Enterprise Project Management (EPM)
, 74, 79
Enterprise project portfolio and quality management framework
, 76–78
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
, 5, 26, 124, 175
automation through
, 101
benefits of automation through ERP
, 101–105
case study
, 117–120
collaboration approach
, 101–102
comparison of ERP packages
, 108–114
cross-functional barrier is broken
, 102
evolution as business process automation tool
, 93–96
implementation
, 115
improves productivity of business processes
, 100–101
integration of island of automation
, 102–103
key principles for integration of islands
, 103–105
list of ERP vendors
, 98
microsoft dynamics
, 108
modules of
, 98
need for
, 96–97
Oracle
, 107–108
overview of
, 97–98
PeopleSoft
, 106–107
products
, 105
SAP
, 105–106
trend in
, 114–117
Entity-Relationship modelling (ER modelling)
, 15
Environment
, 91
Exoskeleton
, 227–228
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
, 24, 115
Extraction, Transform and Load (ETL)
, 11, 15–17, 38
Family groups
, 49
Finance Department
, 161
Financial close
, 141, 143
Financial services
, 33
Financial value
, 187
Flexibility
, 115
Galileo Flight Integrator (GFI)
, 204
Galileo Web Services (GWS)
, 204
General ledger (GL)
, 141
Global positioning system (GPS)
, 217
Global supply chains
, 138
Globalisation
, 45, 68
Governments
, 146
RPA uses and challenges in government sector
, 145–165
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
, 135, 155
HBOS
, 36
Hiring
, 163
Hogg Robinson Group (HRG)
, 197
Home-grown Excel sheets/dashboards
, 81
HRG SITA travels
, 197–211
HTML files
, 54
Human Resource (HR)
, 2, 92
benefits of RPA for
, 163
Department
, 160–161
RPA use cases in
, 163–165
Human Resource Management System (HRMS)
, 98
Hybrid OLAP (HOLAP)
, 16
Hybrid RPA
, 137, 158
Hypatos (document automation vendor)
, 126
Image recognition
, 159
Industry-specific business cases for MDM
, 33–36
Information as a Service (IaaS)
, 33
Information management
, 48
Information technology (IT)
, 68
department
, 159
globalization
, 68
industry
, 68
service landscape
, 68–69
success factors for company
, 68–69
tasks automation
, 159
Institute of Management Accountants (IMA)
, 141
Insurance
, 35
Integrated ERP solution empowers manufacturing company
, 117
benefits
, 119
business needs
, 117–118
eliminate redundancies and automate processes
, 119
increase inventory visibility
, 119–120
maintain low TCO
, 119
manufacturing process automation
, 118–119
solution
, 118
tailored solution
, 118
Integrated Strategic Information Systems Pvt. Ltd., (ISIS)
, 76
Integration
of island of automation
, 102–103
key principles for integration of islands
, 103–105
of MDM and BPA
, 38
MDM and corporate governance framework
, 40
MDM and organisational business architecture
, 40
relationship between MDM and business data
, 38–40
Intelligent/cognitive automation tools
, 157
Intercompany reconciliation (IC reconciliation)
, 142
Internal business transactions
, 194
Internal rate of return (IRR)
, 89, 184
problems with IRR approach
, 184
ROI using KBV approach
, 189–192
value measuring approach
, 185–189
Internet
, 1
Interviews, arranging
, 163
Inventory management
, 138
Inventory reporting
, 139
Invoice processing
, 138
iPLAN
, 76, 82
automation through
, 76
benefits
, 82, 85, 88–89
challenge
, 80
challenge
, 83–84, 86–87
consultants
, 87
towards global delivery
, 80
management approach
, 76–78
operations
, 82, 84–85, 87–88
preamble to
, 78–80
quality journey
, 85
strategy
, 81, 84, 87
unifying organisation
, 83
Island of automation, integration of
, 102–103
ISO
, 105
ITPA
, 159
Java
, 115
Journal entry
, 141
automation
, 143
KBV approach, ROI using
, 189–192
Key Performance Indicator (KPI)
, 11
for BI
, 19
requirements of good
, 19–20
Know Your Customer (KYC)
, 33
Knowledge (see also Learning)
components
, 45
sharing
, 48
Knowledge management system (KM system) (see also Master Data Management (MDM))
, 43
approaches to
, 50
architecture of KM Module in SAP NetWeaver
, 54–56
factors
, 46
framework for
, 51
future of
, 57
history of
, 45
importance of
, 44–45
industry examples
, 46
laws of
, 48
module in SAP
, 54
ROI of
, 56–57
Large retail chain, material authorisation platform for
, 7–8
Learning
communities
, 49
networks
, 49
Leverage reusable RPA plugins/bots
, 132
Line of business (LOB)
, 16
Logical data modelling
, 15
Low Fare Shopping Tool (LFST)
, 204
Low-Code RPA Solutions
, 155
Machine learning (ML)
, 125, 159
Management approach
, 76–78
Manual systems
, 81
Marketplace supported cognitive capabilities
, 157
Master data integration (MDI)
, 36
Master Data Management (MDM)
, 24, 27
automation helps
, 38
benefits of
, 28
corporate first-movers in MDM solution implementation
, 36
CRUD cycle of master data
, 25
current solutions and limitations
, 26
focus on
, 32–33
industry-specific business cases for
, 33–36
integration of MDM and BPA
, 38
need for automation in
, 36
need to manage master data
, 26
relationship between business data and
, 38–40
scenarios of MDM applicability
, 29–32
and SOA
, 38
Master Data Store (MDS)
, 36
Material authorisation platform for large retail chain
, 7–8
Material management module, component of
, 98–100
Material requirement planning-I (MRP-I)
, 93
MRP-II
, 94
problem with
, 93
scope for MRP-I
, 93
Material requirement planning-II (MRP-II)
, 94
benefits of
, 94–96
problems with
, 96
Mechanistic approach
, 50
Microsoft Business Solutions (MBS)
, 212–214
Microsoft dynamics
, 2, 108
AX
, 119
strategy
, 113
Microsoft Project (MSP)
, 87
Mitigation plans, calculation of cost of
, 188
Modelling
, 14–15
business
, 14–15
data
, 15
data flow
, 15
data mining
, 17
ETL process
, 15–17
process flow
, 15
Modules of ERP
, 98
component of material management module
, 98–100
Multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP)
, 16
Natural language processing (NLP)
, 123, 159
Navision A/S
, 108
Net present value (NPV)
, 89
issues with
, 183
method
, 180–183
No cognitive capabilities
, 157
No-code RPA
, 128
solutions
, 155
tools
, 130
ODBC/JDBC
, 6
Off-site automated prefabrication systems
, 222–223
On-site automated and robotic systems
, 224–227
Onboarding automation
, 164
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
, 11, 16–17
example of
, 16
hybrids
, 16
Online project management
, 63
Open Source ERP
, 114
advantages of using
, 115–117
comparison between
, 116
Open Source Initiative (OSI)
, 121
Open source scripting languages
, 115
Operating System (OS)
, 124
Operational and fundamental value
, 187
Operational efficiency
, 163
Operations to support current employees
, 164
Optical character recognition (OCR)
, 123
Oracle
, 107–108
ERP
, 2
SCM
, 107
Order fulfillment
, 139
Organisation-wide transparency
, 88
Organisational business architecture
, 40
Organisational learning
, 47
Organisational pitfalls
, 134
Patch management
, 111–112
Payback period
, 183
Payroll management
, 165
PeopleSoft, Inc.
, 106–107, 110, 114
PeopleSoft Internet architecture (PIA)
, 107
Perl
, 115
Physical data modelling
, 15
Policy makers
, 167
Political impact context
measurement of costs and benefits from
, 176
risk related to political factors
, 178–179
risks associated with business processes
, 180
risks related to project implementation factors
, 179
Presentations
, 54
Private sector, framework for evaluation in large organisations in
, 169–170
Process automation, manufacturing
, 118–119
Process flow modellings
, 14–15
Process management
, 1–2
platform
, 2
Process mining/task mining
, 159
Process pitfalls
, 134
Process re-engineering
, 50
Processing AP
, 141
Procurement business process
, 100
Procurement module of ERP
, 99
Product Information Management (PIM)
, 37
Product lifecycle management (PLM)
, 106
Product testing
, 112–113
Productivity
, 60
Programmable RPA tools
, 130
Project management
, 70
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)
, 76
Project Management Institute (PMI)
, 76
Project Management Office (PMO)
, 69
Project managers
, 62
Project plans
, 81
Project Portfolio Management (PPM)
, 74–75, 79
Proof of delivery (POD)
, 140
Public sector
applying AI and automation tools to back-office processes
, 158–159
back-office automation examples
, 159–162
benefits of back-office automation
, 162
benefits of RPA for HR
, 163
challenges face RPA in Public Sector
, 147
cognitive capabilities
, 157
framework for large organisation in
, 170–172
importance
, 145
key features of RPA tools
, 154
programming options
, 154
RPA benefits for public sector
, 147–153
RPA mean for HRs Department
, 162
RPA software
, 158
RPA tools by usage
, 157–158
RPA use cases in HR
, 163–165
use cases of RPA in
, 145–147
Public sentiment analysis
, 146
Python
, 115
Quality
, 60
system
, 105
techniques
, 48
Quality Management Systems (QMS)
, 86
Rapid Prototyping (RP)
, 221
Recording
, 155
Recruitment process
, 44
Relational data modelling
, 15
Relational OLAP (ROLAP)
, 16
Relational Software, Inc. (RSI)
, 107
Report generation
, 146
Return on Investment (ROI)
, 11, 30, 62, 113, 167, 213–216
analysis methods
, 180
approach for ROI analysis
, 172
from automation
, 66
using balanced scorecard approach
, 189
on BI
, 20
calculating
, 188
CIO’s role in ROI calculation
, 192–196
framework for evaluation in large organisations in private sector
, 169–170
framework for large organisation in public sector
, 170–172
framework for ROI analysis
, 168
internal rate of return
, 184
using KBV Approach
, 189–192
of KM
, 56
measurement of costs and benefits from political and social impact context
, 176–180
measurement of costs and benefits from technology investment context
, 174–176
measuring benefits from e-service
, 196
measuring ROI for technology product
, 196
net present value method
, 180–183
objectives for investment for finance and marketing departments
, 190–192
objectives of ROI analysis
, 172–174
payback period
, 183
problems with IRR Approach
, 184–192
Reusable RPA Plugins/Bots
, 132–133
Risk
factors
, 187–188
insurance company
, 20
management
, 33, 71–72
reduction
, 60
Robotic automation
, 135
Robotic desktop automation (see Attended automation)
Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
, 123, 135–136, 158–159
alternatives/substitutes
, 128
benefits of
, 125–126, 137
bots
, 126, 138, 142, 145, 164
consultants
, 133
data management
, 139
different from automation solutions
, 136–137
different types of RPA
, 137
future of
, 128
implementation guide
, 134–135
implementation with emerging RPA marketplaces/bot stores
, 133
importance
, 123–125
leveraging RPA for business processes
, 128
order fulfillment
, 139
origin of
, 136
POD
, 140
production
, 138
programming
, 154
ready for production
, 126
software
, 130, 158
stock optimization
, 138–139
supply chain optimisation
, 138
technologies for manufacturing
, 140
tools
, 130, 154, 157–158
types of
, 127
usage
, 126
use cases and benefits of RPA in manufacturing
, 137
use cases in HR
, 163–165
use cases in manufacturing
, 138
use cases/applications in accounting
, 141–144
uses and challenges in government and public sector
, 145–165
vendors
, 131, 154
work
, 126
Robotic systems
, 217
Robotics
, 221
Role-based access
, 104
Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS)
, 36
Rule-based bots
, 123
SaaS
, 1
SaaS-based delivery model
, 4
SalesForce CRM
, 2
SAP
, 2, 105–106
KM Module in
, 54
R/I product
, 106
R2
, 106
SAP NetWeaver™
, 54
architecture of KM Module in
, 54–56
Scorecards
, 18
Security improvement
, 147
Self-learning
bots
, 156
RPA
, 128
solutions
, 130
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
, 33
Service-Level Agreement (SCA)
, 111
Service-oriented architecture (SOA)
, 4, 106
MDM and
, 38
Siebel CRM
, 2
Single European Payments Area (SEPA)
, 30
Small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
, 106, 220
Social impact context
measurement of costs and benefits from
, 176
risk related to political factors
, 178–179
risks associated with business processes
, 180
risks related to project implementation factors
, 179
Social value
, 187
Sociology
, 47
Software project management
automation in
, 63–65
change management in virtual teams
, 62
communities of practice
, 62
contrast between management of projects and programs
, 62
estimating for projects
, 61
existing challenges
, 63
key to successful project portfolio management
, 62–63
latest trends in
, 61
major objectives
, 60
managing and controlling project
, 61
middle managers are champions of change
, 62
nature of software production
, 60
need for automation
, 64
objectives of effective project management
, 60
obstacles to automation
, 65–66
online project management
, 63
planning project
, 61
right-sizing staff for demand-driven resource management
, 63
ROI from automation
, 66–67
strategic marketing of project management office
, 62
Solid Free Form Fabrication (SFF)
, 221
Solution virtualization
, 6
Stakeholders
, 91
Stock optimization
, 138
Strategic value
, 187
Streamlined project management
, 85
Streamlined quality system management
, 82
Streamlining talent acquisition
, 163
Supervised ML algorithms
, 159
Supplier relationship management (SRM)
, 106
Supply chain
, 161
optimisation
, 138
Supply chain management (SCM)
, 5, 106, 138
Systematic approach
, 50
Task management
, 70
Technical pitfalls
, 134
Technical planning
, 61
Technology
, 1, 180
investment context
, 174
measurement of costs and benefits from
, 174–176
measuring ROI for technology product
, 196
perspective based ROI analysis
, 177
virtualization
, 6
Telecom
, 35
Tendering process
, 178
Text documents
, 54
Thomas Friedman’s Globalization 3.0
, 68
3D
modelling techniques
, 217
printing
, 140, 222
Thumb rule for automation
, 65
Time tracking process
, 70
Total cost of ownership (TCO)
, 106, 113–114
Travel & expense management
, 164
Unattended automation
, 158
Unattended RPA
, 137
Unique Selling Proposition (USP)
, 113
Unsupervised ML algorithms
, 159
Upgrade Assistant
, 112
Upgrading process
, 112
User interfaces (UIs)
, 38
Value measuring approach (VMM approach)
, 185–189
Value structure
, 187
Vendor reconciliation
, 142
Virtual reality
, 140
Web Services
, 6
Work
, 51
Workflow-driven process
, 27
Workload automation (WLA)
, 128, 146, 159–160
- Prelims
- Chapter 1: Automating Business
- Chapter 2: Business Process Automation
- Chapter 3: Automation in Master Data Management (MDM)
- Chapter 4: Automation in Knowledge Management System
- Chapter 5: Automation in Software Project Management
- Chapter 6: ERP as Business Process Automation Tool
- Chapter 7: Fundamentals of RPA
- Chapter 8: Return on Investment from BPA
- Chapter 9: Automation in the Construction Industry
- Bibliography
- Index