Activism

, 1

Activism by industry group representatives

, 122–123

Activism by living by example

, 123–124

Activism campaign tactics

, 108

Activist CEOs

, 50

Activists

, 1

Advocacy

, 23

groups

, 1

Advocare

, 23

Affirmative Action Policy (AAP)

, 8–9

Africa

, 5–6

African Development Bank (AfDB)

, 8

African Holism

, 12

African School of Thought in Leadership and Public Relations

, 11–18

Africapitalism

, 15, 18, 52–53, 73

examining Africapitalism as special motivation for CEO Activism

, 78–84

home-grown pathway to Africa’s development

, 74–78

motivated by

, 58–59

Afrocentric philosophies

, 52, 201

of sustainability

, 12

Afrocentricity

, 12

Akan Philosophy

, 12, 174

Alliances

, 21, 61–62

Apple

, 128

Arrests

, 151–152

Audience profiling

, 188–190

Authenticity

, 181–184

Awareness-creation and persuasion tactics

, 113–118

Azorka Boys, The

, 98

Bantu Philosophy

, 12, 174

Barilla

, 23–24

Battle of the mind approach

, 121

Big business

, 2

Big-name CEOs

, 2

Bilchiinsi

, 12

#Black-Lives Matter

, 49

Bluewashing

, 41–42

Boundary-setting, importance of

, 179

Brand activism (BA)

, 37, 42, 45

Brand Responsibility (BR)

, 4, 37, 42, 45

Business Chieftains in Ghana Fight for common good

, 24–26

Business model

, 107

Business Roundtable

, 1

Business/workplace activism

, 88–89, 91–92

Capitalism

, 17–18

Caritas

, 12, 14, 52–53

motivated by

, 53–54

CEO Activism

, 2, 4–5, 38, 45, 48, 66–67

alliances

, 61–62

dissensus

, 66

dissymmetry

, 66

examining Africapitalism as special motivation for

, 78–84

micropolitics

, 61–62

organizational politics and

, 62

postmodern biopower and

, 60–61

postmodern communicology of

, 30

process model of

, 30–34

CEO Activism Development Model

, 176, 200–201, 212, 215

highlights of findings

, 202–212

implications for practice of CEO Activism

, 217–221

limitations and research agenda

, 216–217

policy implications

, 215–216

theoretical lenses

, 202

CEO Activism Effects

, 127, 209–210

bitter-sweet effects

, 128–129

on companies

, 138–143

individual activist CEOs

, 144–155

positive effects greater-good outcomes of CEO Activism for Ghanaian Society

, 129–138

tonic consequences on companies

, 138, 141, 143

CEO Activism Guidelines

, 177–178, 199

audience profiling

, 188–190

authenticity and truth-based activism

, 181–184

buy-in of significant others

, 194–195

community creation

, 197–199

embed activism in corporate strategy and “Kitchen Cabinet”

, 185–186

importance of boundary-setting

, 179

importance of strategic issue selection and signature advocacy

, 186–187

patriotism and genuine care

, 180–181

purpose-driven activism

, 190–194

research and power of performance-driven approach

, 195–197

timing and following best practices

, 184–185

CEO Activism Issues

, 87

CEO Activism Issues/Causes

, 205–207

corporate social advocacy and

, 88–105

Kotler and Sarkar’s Brand Activism Clusters

, 87–88

CEO Activism Motivations

, 49

corporate values and common good

, 50–51

examining

, 50–52

examining alternate

, 52–69

personal convictions

, 50

polarized climate

, 50

stakeholder expectations and ideological inclinations

, 51–52

CEO Activism Safeguards

, 159, 210, 212

activist CEOs

, 161–173

best practice

, 168–171

evolution of CEO Activism Development Model

, 176

limitations

, 175

study

, 159–161

CEO Activism Tactics

, 107, 207, 209

activist CEO tactical repertoire

, 110–125

extant

, 108–110

CEO Best-Practice Safeguards

, 199

CEO Social-Mindedness

, 217

CEO Sociopolitical Activism

, 2

Chick-fil-A

, 23–24

Chief Executive Officers (CEOs)

, 1, 37

business Chieftains in Ghana Fight for common good

, 24–26

collecting and analyzing data

, 26–28

corporate social advocacy

, 23–24

current study

, 5

dangerous opportunities in field

, 4–5

data analysis

, 28

data sources and data collection

, 26–28

Ghanaian context

, 5–11

inclusion criteria and sampling procedure

, 26–27

mini profiles of study participants

, 28

on mission to fight for greater good

, 2–4

motivations

, 34–36

postmodern communicology of CEO activism

, 30

postmodern values in public relations

, 18–23

process model of CEO activism

, 30–34

research questions

, 34–36

theoretical lenses

, 11–18

Civil society organizations

, 1

Communication-related safeguards

, 172–173

Community creation

, 197–199

Compassion-based worldview

, 15

Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE)

, 24, 77

Conceptual framework

, 30–34

Consciencism

, 12, 174

Continuity

, 45

Convention People’s Party (CPP)

, 7

Corporate activists

, 20

Corporate chieftains

, 2–3

Corporate executives

, 18

Corporate Ghana, gender diversity in

, 8–11

Corporate inauthenticity, CSR criticized as representing forms of

, 41–42

Corporate involvement

, 4

Corporate neutrality

, 3–4

Corporate Political Activity (CPA)

, 37

Corporate Political Advocacy

, 2, 52

Corporate Safeguards

, 164–166

Corporate silence

, 51

Corporate Social Advocacy (CSA)

, 2, 23–24, 37, 45, 48, 128, 160

business/workplace activism

, 91–92

and CEO Activism Issues

, 88–105

economic activism

, 101–105

environmental activism

, 90–91

legal activism

, 100–101

multiple issues

, 89–90

political activism

, 97–100

sociocultural activism

, 92–97

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

, 2, 18, 37–38, 42, 74–75

criticized as representing forms of corporate inauthenticity

, 41–42

Corporate Sociopolitical Involvement

, 37–38

brand activism and brand responsibility

, 42–45

corporate social advocacy and CEO activism

, 45–48

corporate social responsibility and sustainability

, 38–42

political corporate social responsibility

, 42

Corporate strategy

, 107

embed activism in

, 185–186

Corporate values

, 3

Corporations

, 1, 3–4, 38, 87

Creativity

, 22–23

Credibility

, 45

DamNation campaign

, 42

Data analysis

, 28

Data collection

, 26

Decision-making

, 23, 62, 66

DEI

, 61

Delta Force

, 98

Democratic dividends

, 131–133

Democratic People’s Party (DPP)

, 7

Detentions

, 151–152

Development

, 8

Development paradox

, 8

Difference

, 10

Discursive model of institutionalization

, 73

Disruption and protest tactics

, 125, 208

Disruptive tactics

, 109–110, 118, 121

Dissensus

, 22–23, 66

Dissymmetry

, 22–23, 66

Diversity

, 3

Dumsor

, 96–97

Dumsor Must Stop

, 96–97

Economic activism

, 101–105

Economic and Organized Crime Office (EOCO)

, 152

Economic brand activism

, 88–89

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

, 6

Economic financial management

, 135–136

Electoral Commission of Ghana

, 131

Empowerment

, 134–135

Environmental, social, and governance concerns (ESG concerns)

, 43, 88

Environmental activism

, 90–91

Environmental brand activism

, 88–89

Environmental stewardship

, 130–131

Epilog

, 221–222

Executive Women Network (EWN)

, 8, 25, 62, 77, 91, 150

ExxonMobil

, 44

Facebook

, 116

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

, 189

Ford

, 23–24

Further research

, 175

Galamsey

, 90, 131, 139–140

Gen Z

, 3, 37

Gender diversity in corporate Ghana

, 8–11

Gender Equality Agenda

, 129–130

Genuine care

, 180–181

GEO Group

, 44

Ghana Chamber of Bulk Oil Distributors (GCBOD)

, 77

Ghana Television (GTV)

, 114

Ghanaian context

, 5–11

gender diversity in corporate Ghana

, 8–11

Ghana’s development paradox

, 8

Republic of Ghana

, 6–8

social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs

, 11

West African subregion

, 5–6

Global capitalism

, 76

Gold Coast

, 6

Goldman Sachs

, 44

Government of Ghana

, 139

Greenwashing

, 41

Harambee

, 12, 174

Hawks, The

, 98

Heirs Holdings

, 15, 73–74

Hierarchy of effects

, 129

High-performing firms

, 10–11

Howard Schultz

, 2–4

Implications for practice

, 202

Indications

, 37–38

Individual activist CEOs

, 144–155

tonic consequences on

, 144–146

toxic consequences

, 146–155

Industry group representatives, activism by

, 122–123

Inequity

, 75

Injustices

, 1

Innovativeness

, 22–23

Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA)

, 11

Institutional theory

, 73

Institutionalization

, 73

Integrity

, 45

Intel

, 2, 49

Intellectual activism

, 121

International Finance Corporation (IFC)

, 9

Invincible Forces

, 98

Kayayei

, 130

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

, 195

Kitchen Cabinet

, 185–186

Komenda Sugar Factory

, 104

Kotler and Sarkar’s Brand Activism Clusters

, 87–88

Kumepreko demonstration

, 153

Legal activism

, 100–101, 121–122

Legal and public policy reforms

, 133–134

Legal brand activism

, 88–89

Leveraging economic power

, 109, 111, 113

LGBTQ

, 43

Liberalization of media landscape

, 134–135

Liberation

, 134–135

Limitations

, 175, 216–217

LinkedIn

, 116

Lloyd Blankfein

, 2–3, 38, 109

Local ethics

, 23, 62, 66

Ma’at

, 200

Ma’atic Philosophy

, 12

Maaticity

, 54

Mark Zuckerberg

, 49

Market strategy

, 107

Media attacks

, 146–151

Men CEOs

, 4–5

Metro Mass Transit (MMT)

, 119–120

Micropolitics

, 21, 61–62

Microsoft

, 23–24

Millennials

, 37, 128

Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Protection (MoGCSP)

, 9

Modernist perspective

, 5, 52, 70

Motivations

, 40

for CEO Activism

, 202, 205–206

Multiple stakeholder perspectives

, 12, 15, 35, 50

Multiple stakeholders

, 1, 5, 21, 39, 63, 166

Naming

, 122

National Democratic Congress (NDC)

, 7, 90, 103, 151

National Gender Policy (NGP)

, 9

National Media Commission (NMC)

, 152

National Rifle Association (NRA)

, 43

Negritude

, 12, 174

Neophyte activist CEOs

, 187

Nestle

, 44

New Patriotic Party (NPP)

, 7, 103, 153

New York University (NYU)

, 196

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)

, 1

Nonmarket strategy

, 107

#OccupyFlagstaffHouse

, 96

Odjwain funu (Dead Goat Syndrome)

, 154

One District One Factory program (1D1F program)

, 137, 139, 182

One Ghana Movement (OGM)

, 89, 132–133

Organizational politics

, 20–21, 62

Pandora

, 49

Patriotism

, 180–181

People’s Democratic Party (PDP)

, 7

People’s National Convention (PNC)

, 7

Performance-driven approach, research and power of

, 195–197

Personal and calculated business decisions, motivated by

, 68–69

Personal Safeguards

, 166–168

Personal values and beliefs, motivated by

, 55–57

Persuasive tactics

, 109

Phillip Morris International

, 44

Physical attacks

, 146–151

Pinkwashing

, 41

Policy implications

, 175

Political activism

, 97–100

Political brand activism

, 88–89

Political Corporate Social Responsibility (PCSR)

, 37, 42

Political leaders

, 49

Political polarization

, 3–4

Politicians

, 1

Postmodern

, 5

Postmodern biopower

, 22

and CEO activism

, 60–61

Postmodern communicology of CEO activism

, 30

Postmodern philosophy

, 20

Postmodern values

motivated by

, 59–66

in public relations

, 18, 23, 52

Postmodernism

, 18, 201

Process Model of CEO Activism

, 30–34

Profit-pursuing corporations

, 50

Profiting

, 185

Progressive brand activism

, 43

Progressive Peoples Party (PPP)

, 7

Public financial management

, 135–136

Public opinion

, 136–138

Public relations

, 14

postmodern values in

, 18–23

Public Relations for Social Responsibility

, 11, 202

Public Relations Society of America (PRSA)

, 12–13

Purpose-driven activism

, 190–194

Purposive sampling strategy

, 27

Qualitative methods

, 26

Race Together campaign

, 4

Raising awareness

, 109

Regressive Brand Activism

, 43

Religious liberty

, 2, 49

Republic of Ghana

, 6–8

Research Questions

, 34–36

Responsible Management in Emerging Markets

, 11, 202

Return on assets (ROA)

, 10

Return on equity (ROE)

, 10

Salesforce

, 2, 50–51

Same-sex couples

, 2, 49

Same-sex marriage

, 2–3, 46

Sankofa Philosophy

, 12, 174

Sense of harmony

, 81–82

Sense of parity

, 79–81

Sense of place and belonging

, 82–84

Sense of progress and prosperity

, 78–79

Shaming

, 122

Shareholder primacy

, 1, 201

Shell

, 44

Signature advocacy

, 186–187

Situational ethics

, 23, 62, 66

Snowball sampling

, 27

Social brand activism

, 88–89

Social change, motivated by desire for

, 67–68

Social inclusion

, 3

Social justice

, 12, 43

Social media tactics

, 108

Social movements

, 108

Social problems in Ghana and work of activist CEOs

, 11

Social responsibility

, 14, 39

Social Safeguards

, 161–163

Sociocultural Activism

, 92–97

Sociopolitical

, 23

Sociopolitical issues

, 87

Sociopolitical matters

, 87

Spiritual safeguards

, 163–164

Square

, 49

Stakeholders

, 3, 17

Stand-Point, The

, 25

Starbucks

, 23–24

State-owned enterprises (SOEs)

, 10

Strategic issue selection, importance of

, 186–187

Strategic Issues Management (SIM)

, 2, 46

Strategy

, 107

STX Housing agreement

, 103

Support tactics

, 124–125

Supportive tactics

, 109

Sustainability

, 4, 37–38, 40–42

Sustainability transitions

, 207

Symbolism

, 45

Tactics

, 107–108

Tax Identification Numbers (TIN)

, 136

Theoretical lenses

, 11, 18, 202

Tim Cook

, 49

Timing and following best practices

, 184–185

Tony Elumelu Foundation (TEF)

, 15, 73–74

Topophilia

, 17, 76

Traditional brand positioning strategies

, 37

Transcorp

, 15, 73–74

Triple Bottom Line (TBL)

, 4, 37–38

Truth-based activism

, 181–184

Twitter

, 49, 116

Typology

, 33

Ubuntu

, 14–15, 52–53

influence

, 54–55

philosophy

, 75

values

, 75

Ubuntuism

, 14

Ujamaa

, 12, 174

Unilever

, 2, 49

United Bank for Africa (UBA)

, 15, 73–74

Veolia

, 44

Verbal attacks

, 146–151

West African subregion

, 5–6

Western cultural bias

, 5

WhatsApp

, 116

#WHYIWALKFORGHANA protest

, 131–132, 135

Wokewashing

, 42

Women CEOs

, 4–5

Women in Broadcasting (WIB)

, 25, 77

Women in Energy

, 130

Women in Media (Ghana)

, 25, 77

Women in Public Relations (Ghana)

, 25, 77

Yoruba Epistemology

, 12